裂隙补给多喷口活动的时间序列分析：2014年7月埃特纳火山（意大利）爆发的快照
Time-series analysis of fissure-fed multi-vent activity: a snapshot from the July 2014 eruption of Etna volcano (Italy)
摘要：
2014年7月5日，埃特纳火山（意大利）东侧约3.000米处出现喷发裂缝。斯特龙博利活动和熔岩渗出同时发生在两个相邻的喷口。在接下来的几周里，喷发活动导致了两个数十米高的圆锥体的形成，这里命名为Crater N和Crater S。为了表征这个多喷口系统的短期（天）动态，我们进行了多参数的调查，通过一个密集的仪器网络。该实验装置于7月15日至16日在加利福尼亚州部署。在距离火山喷发点300米处，有两个宽带地震仪和三个麦克风以及高速摄像机和热成像摄像机。热分析使我们能够描述每个喷口喷发活动的风格。特别是，与S陨石坑相比，N陨石坑的爆炸活动具有更高的热振幅和更低的爆炸频率。通过目视观察和热数据，在S陨石坑发现了几次膨胀和斯特龙博利活动之间的切换;相反，N陨石坑表现出准周期性活动。每个喷口的喷发风格的量化使我们能够推断出喷发系统的几何形状：一个分支管道，易于快速变化的气体流量容纳在最倾斜的管道（即火山口S）。因此，我们能够正确地解释声学数据，从而扩展这两个喷口系统的表征。
英文摘要：
On 5 July 2014, an eruptive fissure opened on the eastern flank of Etna volcano (Italy) at ~3.000 m a.s.l. Strombolian activity and lava effusion occurred simultaneously at two neighbouring vents. In the following weeks, eruptive activity led to the build-up of two cones, tens of meters high, here named Crater N and Crater S. To characterize the short-term (days) dynamics of this multi-vent system, we performed a multi-parametric investigation by means of a dense instrumental network. The experimental setup, deployed on July 15-16th at ca. 300 m from the eruption site, comprised two broadband seismometers and three microphones as well as high speed video and thermal cameras. Thermal analyses enabled us to characterize the style of eruptive activity at each vent. In particular, explosive activity at Crater N featured higher thermal amplitudes and a lower explosion frequency than at Crater S. Several episodes of switching between puffing and Strombolian activity were noted at Crater S through both visual observation and thermal data; oppositely, Crater N exhibited a quasi-periodic activity. The quantification of the eruptive style of each vent enabled us to infer the geometry of the eruptive system: a branched conduit, prone to rapid changes of gas flux accommodated at the most inclined conduit (i.e. Crater S). Accordingly, we were able to correctly interpret acoustic data and thereby extend the characterization of this twovent system.
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