Proton linear accelerator is the base Accelerator Driven Power System (ADS). Such ADS are dedicated to various purposes: weapon plutonium conversion, "energy amplifier", transmutation of radionuclear wastes etc. Solution of these tasks requires proton beams with energy 1 GeV and average current up to 30 mA. At the moment there are no problems of fundamental nature in such linac construction. The main problems have economic and technical aspects. Problems of CW linac will be demonstrated on the base beam dynamics requirements. New code package LIDOS.RFQ.Designer makes possible to simulate beam dynamics in RF fields of real vane shape (including gaps between RFQ section) as well as to determine channel parameters tolerances for reliable operation
We present a novel machine learning-based approach to generate fast-executing virtual radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) particle accelerators using surrogate modelling. These could potentially be used as on-line feedback tools during beam commissioning and operation, and to optimize the RFQ beam dynamics design prior to construction. Since surrogate models execute orders of magnitude faster than corresponding physics beam dynamics simulations using standard tools like PARMTEQM and RFQGen, the computational complexity of the multi-objective optimization problem reduces significantly. Ultimately, …
The RFQ design tool DEMIRCI aims to provide fast and accurate simulation of a light ion accelerating cavity and of the ion beam in it. It is a modern tool with a graphical user interface leading to a "point and click" method to help the designer. This article summarises the recent software developments such as the addition of RFQ acceptance match, beam dynamics and 8-term potential coefficient calculations. Its results are compared to other similar software, to discuss the attained compatibility level.
Status Report on the Low-Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA)
75 keV的注入器和6.7 MeV的质子束流，包括连续波，100毫安质子直线加速器的第一部分的加速器生产氚（APT）项目已经建成和运行。LEDA电子束发生器已经过脉冲和连续波输出束流<=100 mA的广泛测试。高达2.2兆瓦的连续波射频功率从350兆赫的射频系统耦合到超导体，包括670千瓦的连续波质子束。由四极磁铁扫描测量确定的93 mA脉冲式双极输出光束的发射度为ex x ey = 0.25 x 0.31（π mm mrad）2 [rms归一化]。一个后续的实验，有意引入和测量光束晕的激光器输出光束，现在正在安装。
Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerators often need to face the challenges of space charge effects from high beam currents. This study investigated how to reach RFQ beam dynamics designs with not only high beam transmission and short structure length but also high beam quality simultaneously. To avoid beam instabilities induced by emittance transfer, a so-called el/et (ratio of the longitudinal and transverse emittances) = 1.0 design guideline is being proposed. The application of this design guideline integrated with the BABBLE/NFSP design method for a high current, high frequency, high …
作为高强度质子注入器项目（IPHI）的一部分，目前正在建造一个为质子电流高达100 mA CW设计的5 MeV质子注入器。其计算透射率大于99%。该项目的主要目标是验证设计规范的准确性，获得制造，调谐程序和操作的专业知识，测量输出光束特性，以优化直线加速器的高能量部分，并以最少的光束行程达到高可用性。已经建立了一个冷模型来开发调谐程序。介绍了IPHI的研究现状。
将20 mA质子束从50 keV加速到3 MeV的射频四极（Radio Frequency Quadrupole，简称FQQ）直线加速器已经设计完成，并正在韩国原子能研究所（Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute，简称KAERI）的韩国多用途加速器综合体（Korea Multipurpose Accelerator Complex，简称KOMAC）项目的第一阶段KOMAC测试设施（KOMAC Test Facility，简称KTF）中制造。本文介绍了该装置的物理设计、工程设计和制造情况。
The KAHVE Laboratory, at Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey is home to an educational proton linac project. The proton beam will originate from a 20 keV H+ source and will be delivered to a two module Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) operating at 800 MHz via a low energy beam transport (LEBT) line. Currently, the design phase being over, commissioning and stability tests are ongoing for the proton beamline which is already produced and installed except the RFQ which is being manufactured. This work summarizes the design, production and test phases of the ion source and LEBT line components.
Compact accelerator-based neutron source facilities are garnering attention and play an important and expanding role in material and engineering sciences, as well as in neutron science education and training. Neutrons are produced by bombarding a low-energy proton beam onto a beryllium or lithium target. In such an accelerator-based neutron source, a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) is usually utilized to accelerate a high-intensity proton beam to a few MeV. This study mainly covers the high-frequency structure design optimizations of a 4-vane RFQ with pi-mode stabilizer loops (PISLs) and its …
High-frequency linear accelerators are very suitable for carbon ion therapy, thanks to the reduced operational costs and the high beam quality with respect to synchrotrons, which are presently the only available technology for this application. In the framework of the development of a new linac for carbon ion therapy, this article describes the design of a compact 750 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) with trapezoidal vanes. A new semi-analytic approach to design the trapezoidal-vane RFQ is introduced together with the relevant beam dynamics properties. The RFQ is split into two decoupled r…
It is well known that the tuning of a long radio-frequency quadrupole accelerator is demanding. This study investigated how to realize efficient long RFQ accelerators with multiple shorter and independent cavities. From the RF point of view, the use of shorter cavities has many advantages e.g. enlarged mode separation and simplified RF tuning, but the beam matching between cavities will become an issue, especially at high current and low energy. Taking a more than 9 m long, high current machine as an example, this paper presents the design concepts and methods leading to good beam quality and …
Modern accelerator front ends almost exclusively include radio-frequency quadrupoles for initial capture and focusing of the low-energy beam. Dynamics in the RFQ define the longitudinal bunch parameters. Simulation of the SNS RFQ with PARMTEQ seeded with a realistic LEBT distribution produces a 2.5 MeV, 40 mA H- beam with root-mean-square emittance of 130 deg-keV. In measurement, a detailed characterization of the longitudinal phase space is made, including a novel study of the dependence of longitudinal emittance on transverse coordinates. This work introduces a new virtual slit technique tha…
A high-intensity continuous wave (CW) radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator is designed for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The transmission efficiency of a 20-mA proton beam accelerated from 30 keV to 2.5 MeV can reach 98.7% at an operating frequency of 200 MHz. The beam dynamics has good tolerance to errors. By comparing the high-frequency parameters of quadrilateral and octagonal RFQ cross-sections, the quadrilateral structure of the four-vane cavity is selected owing to its multiple advantages, such as a smaller cross section at the same frequency and easy processing. In addit…
Commissioning of the 1.4 Mev/u High Current Heavy Ion Linac at Gsi
Wideroe型Unilac预剥离器直线加速器的拆卸于1999年初进行。必须获得SIS中最重元素的粒子数增加两个数量级以上。从那时起，新的高电流注入器（HSI）由H型整流器和DTL结构组成，用于双束操作，并成功调试。高电荷注入器（HLI）在此期间提供主直线加速器。同时完成射频发射器和射频结构的调节和运行。HSI调试策略包括在每个运输和加速段之后使用多功能诊断测试台进行束流调查。将讨论LEBT、超透镜、IH槽I和II以及剥离段之后的广泛调试测量结果（例如横向发射度、束流宽度、束流传输）。使用来自MUCIS离子源的40 Ar 1+束来填充直线加速器直到理论空间电荷极限。1999年11月开始进行例行作业。
