热力学极限下剪切作用下恒温硬球气体的李雅普诺夫指数配对
Lyapunov Exponent Pairing for a Thermostatted Hard-Sphere Gas under Shear in the Thermodynamic Limit
摘要：
我们证明了为什么剪切气体的硬球，所描述的SLLOD方程与等速高斯恒温器之间的碰撞，偏差的共轭配对规则的李雅普诺夫谱是预期的，采用以前的结果，对于大量的粒子$N$，等速高斯恒温器相当于一个恒定的摩擦恒温器，高达$1/\sqrt{N}$波动。我们还表明，这些偏差是在剪切速率的四次方的顺序。
英文摘要：
We demonstrate why for a sheared gas of hard spheres, described by the SLLOD equations with an iso-kinetic Gaussian thermostat in between collisions, deviations of the conjugate pairing rule for the Lyapunov spectrum are to be expected, employing a previous result that for a large number of particles $N$, the iso-kinetic Gaussian thermostat is equivalent to a constant friction thermostat, up to $1/\sqrt{N}$ fluctuations. We also show that these deviations are at most of the order of the fourth power in the shear rate.
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