The author was recently able to provide a cohomological interpretation of Tate's Riemann-Roch formula for number fields using some new harmonic analysis objects, ghost-spaces. When trying to investigate these objects in general, we realized the importance of functions and measures on locally compact abelian groups that are both positive and positive-definite at the same time.
It looks like this class of functions and measures was not systematically studied before. The goal of this paper is to partially fill in this gap. We answer some of the natural questions involving these functions and measures, especially those that satisfy some extra integrability conditions. We also study some operations and constructions involving these functions and measures.
There are several very interesting open questions, that we are only able to point out at this moment. In particular, the structure of the cone of such functions is not clear even when the group is just $\R.$
We study the Fourier characterisation of strictly positive definite functions on compact abelian groups. Our main result settles the case $G = F \times \mathbb{T}^r$, with $r \in \mathbb{N}$ and $F$ finite. The characterisation obtained for these groups does not extend to arbitrary compact abelian groups; it fails in particular for all torsion-free groups.
The notion of positive-definite functions over locally compact quantum groups was recently introduced and studied by Daws and Salmi. Based on this work, we generalize various well-known results about positive-definite functions over groups to the quantum framework. Among these are theorems on "square roots" of positive-definite functions, comparison of various topologies, positive-definite measures and characterizations of amenability, and the separation property with respect to compact quantum subgroups.
Let $G$ be a locally compact abelian group and $Λ$ be a closed subgroup of the dual group $\widehat{G}$. In this paper, we investigate modulation preserving operators with respect to $Λ$, and give a characterization of them in terms of range operators.
If an open subgroup of the group of the invertible measures on a LCA group is isometric to another, then the correspoinding underlying LCA groups are topologically isomorphic to each other.
We prove two versions of Bochner's theorem for locally compact quantum groups. First, every completely positive definite "function" on a locally compact quantum group $\G$ arises as a transform of a positive functional on the universal C*-algebra $C_0^u(\dual\G)$ of the dual quantum group. Second, when $\G$ is coamenable, complete positive definiteness may be replaced with the weaker notion of positive definiteness, which models the classical notion. A counterexample is given to show that the latter result is not true in general. To prove these results, we show two auxiliary results of indepen…
We study translation preserving operators, that is operators commuting with translations by a closed subgroup of a locally compact abelian group. We show that there is a one to one correspondence between these operators and range operators. Furthermore, we obtain a necessary condition for a translation preserving operator to be Hilbert Schmidt or of finite trace in terms of its range operator.
We present characterizations of democratic property for systems of translates on a general locally compact abelian group, along a lattice in that group. That way we generalize the results from [11] on systems of integer translates. Furthermore, we investigate the possibilities of more operative characterizations for lattices with torsion group structure, mainly through examples and counterexamples.
By using a coset of closed subgroup, we define a Fourier like transform for locally compact abelian (LCA) topological groups. We studied two wavelet multipliers and Landau-Pollak-Slepian operators on locally compact abelian topological groups associated to the transform and show that the transforms are $L^p$bounded linear operators, and are in Schatten p-class for $1\leq p\leq \infty$. Finally, we determine their trace class and also obtain a connection with the generalized Landau-Pollak-Slepian operators.
We define and investigate modulation invariant spaces on a locally compact abelian group $G$ with respect to a closed subgroup of the dual group $\widehat{G}$. Using a range function approach, we establish a characterization of modulation invariant spaces. Finally, we define a metric on the collection of all modulation invariant spaces and study some topological properties of the metric space.
We introduce new quasi-Banach modulation spaces on locally compact abelian (LCA) groups which coincide with the classical ones in the Banach setting and prove their main properties. Then we study Gabor frames on quasi-lattices, significantly extending the original theory introduced by Gröchenig and Strohmer. These issues are the key tools in showing boundedness results for Kohn-Nirenberg and localization operators on modulation spaces and studying their eigenfunctions' properties. In particular, the results in the Euclidean space are recaptured.
Let $G$ be an LCA group, $H$ a closed subgroup, $\varGamma$ the dual group of $G$. In accordance with analogous notions in prediction theory the classes of $H$-regular and $H$-singular Borel measures on $Γ$ are defined. A characterization of $H$-regular measures is given and a Wold type decomposition is obtained.
The principal theorem of Sz.-Nagy on dilation of a positive definite Hilbert space operator valued function has played a central role in the development of the non-self-adjoint operator theory. In this paper we introduce the positive definiteness for locally Hilbert space operator valued kernels, we prove an analogue of the Sz.-Nagy dilation theorem and, as application, we obtain dilation results for locally contractions and locally $ρ$ - contractions as well as for locally semi-spectral measures.
We consider Fourier transform of vector-valued functions on a locally compact group $G$, which take value in a Banach space $X$, and are square-integrable in Bochner sense. If $G$ is a finite group then Fourier transform is a bounded operator. If $G$ is an infinite group then Fourier transform $F: L_2(G,X)\to L_2(\widehat G,X)$ is a bounded operator if and only if Banach space $X$ is isomorphic to a Hilbert one.
The family of harmonic Hilbert spaces is a natural enlargement of those classical $L^{2}$-Sobolev space on $\R^d$ which consist of continuous functions. In the present paper we demonstrate that the use of basic results from the theory of Wiener amalgam spaces allows to establish fundamental properties of harmonic Hilbert spaces even if they are defined over an arbitrary locally compact abelian group $\G$. Even for $\G = \R^{d}$ this new approach improves previously known results. In this paper we present results on minimal norm interpolators over lattices and show that the infinite minimal nor…
The unitary extension principle (UEP) by Ron and Shen yields conditions for the construction of a multi-generated tight wavelet frame for $L^2(\mr^s)$ based on a given refinable function. In this paper we show that the UEP can be generalized to locally compact abelian groups. In the general setting, the resulting frames are generated by modulates of a collection of functions, via the Fourier transform this corresponds to a generalized shift-invariant system. Both the stationary and the nonstationary case are covered. We provide general constructions, based on B-splines on the group itself as w…
Let $G$ be a locally compact abelian topological group. For locally bounded measurable functions $φ: G\to\Bbb {C}$ we discuss notions of spectra for $φ$ relative to subalgebras of $L^{1}(G)$. In particular we study polynomials on $G$ and determine their spectra. We also characterize the primary ideals of certain Beurling algebras $L_{w}^{1}(\Bbb Z)$ on the group of integers $\Bbb Z$. This allows us to classify those elements of $L_{w}^{1}(G)$ that have finite spectrum. If $φ$ is a uniformly continuous function whose differences are bounded, there is a Beurling algebra naturally associated with…
For a second countable locally compact abelian (LCA) group $G$, we study some necessary and sufficient conditions to generate continuous Gabor frames for $L^{2}(G)$. To this end, we reformulate the generalized Zak transform proposed by Grochenig in the case of integer-oversampled lattices, however our formulation rely on the assumption that both translation and modulation groups are only closed subgroups. Moreover, we discuss the possibility of such generalization and apply several examples to demonestrate the necessity of standing conditions in the results. Finally, by using the generalized Z…
For a locally compact abelian group $G$ a simple proof is given for the known fact that a bounded domain $Ω$ tiles $G$ with translations by a lattice $Λ$ if and only if the set of characters of $G$ indexed by the dual lattice of $Λ$ is an orthogonal basis of $L^2(Ω).$ The proof uses simple techniques from Harmonic Analysis.
We give a characterization of hypercyclic using (locally hypercyclic) of semigroup G of affine maps of C^n. We prove the existence of a G-invariant open subset of C^n in which any locally hypercyclic orbit is dense in C^n.
We investigate pseudodifferential operators on arbitrary locally compact abelian groups. As symbol classes for the Kohn-Nirenberg calculus we introduce a version of Sjoestrand's class. Pseudodifferential operators with such symbols form a Banach algebra that is closed under inversion. Since "hard analysis" techniques are not available on locally compact abelian groups, a new time-frequency approach is used with the emphasis on modulation spaces, Gabor frames, and Banach algebras of matrices. Sjoestrand's original results are thus understood as a phenomenon of abstract harmonic analysis rather …
Rajchman measures of locally compact Abelian groups are studied for almost a century now, and they play an important role in the study of trigonometric series. Eymard's influential work allowed generalizing these measures to the case of \emph{non-Abelian} locally compact groups $G$. The Rajchman algebra of $G$, which we denote by $B_0(G)$, is the set of all elements of the Fourier-Stieltjes algebra that vanish at infinity. In the present article, we characterize the locally compact groups that have amenable Rajchman algebras. We show that $B_0(G)$ is amenable if and only if $G$ is compact and …
We obtain a characterisation of the Fourier transform on the space of Schwartz-Bruhat functions on locally compact Abelian groups. The result states that any appropriately additive bijection of the Schwartz space onto itself, which interchanges convolution and pointwise products is essentially the Fourier transform. The proof of this result is very similar to that obtained by the author recently for the Euclidean Fourier transform.
In this work we extend classical structure and duality results in Gabor analysis on the euclidean space to the setting of second countable locally compact abelian (LCA) groups. We formulate the concept of rationally oversampling of Gabor systems in an LCA group and prove corresponding characterization results via the Zak transform. From these results we derive non-existence results for critically sampled continuous Gabor frames. We obtain general characterizations in time and in frequency domain of when two Gabor generators yield dual frames. Moreover, we prove the Walnut and Janssen represent…
Functional Models of Abelian Locally von Neumann Algebras and Direct Integrals of Locally Hilbert Spaces
Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy（罗马尼亚科学院数学研究所）；Bilkent University（比尔肯特大学）；Theoretical Statistics and Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Delhi Centre（印度统计学院德里中心理论与统计数学单元）；Department of Mathematical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali（印度科学教育与研究学院（IISER）莫哈利数学科学系）
本文研究了可积局部 von Neumann 代数的功能模型，通过局部本质有界函数构建，探讨了局部 Hilbert 空间直接积分及局部可分解与可对角化的算子，证明其构成互为对易的局部 von Neumann 代数。
For a locally compact Abelian group $G$, the algebra of Rajchman measures, denoted by $M_0(G)$, is the set of all bounded regular Borel measures on $G$ whose Fourier transform vanish at infinity. In this paper, we investigate the spectral structure of the algebra of Rajchman measures, and illustrate aspects of the residual analytic structure of its maximal ideal space. In particular, we show that $M_0(G)$ has a nonzero continuous point derivation, whenever $G$ is a non-discrete locally compact Abelian group. We then give the definition of the Rajchman algebra for a general (not necessarily Abe…
Motivated by the recent work of Bownik and Ross \cite{BR}, and Jakobsen and Lemvig \cite{JL}, this article generalizes latest results on reproducing formulas for generalized translation invariant (GTI) systems to the setting of super-spaces over a second countable locally compact abelian (LCA) group $G$. To do so, we introduce the notion of a super-GTI system with finite sequences as generators from a super-space $L^2(G) \oplus \cdots \oplus L^2(G) $ ($N$ summands). We characterize the generators of two super-GTI systems in the super-space such that they form a super-dual frame pair. For this,…
The following theorem on the circle group $\mathbb{T}$ is due to Norbert Wiener: If $f\in L^{1}\left( \mathbb{T}\right) $ has non-negative Fourier coefficients and is square integrable on a neighbourhood of the identity, then $f\in L^{2}\left( \mathbb{T}\right) $. This result has been extended to even exponents including $p=\infty$, but shown to fail for all other $p\in\left( 1,\infty\right] .$ All of this was extended further (appropriately formulated) well beyond locally compact abelian groups. In this paper we prove Wiener's theorem for even exponents for a large class of commutative hyperg…
Akbarov's theory of holomorphic reflexivity for topological Hopf algebras has been developed in two directions, namely, by the complication of definitions when expanding the scope and by their simplification when restricting. In the framework of the latter approach, we establish the holomorphic reflexivity for topological Hopf algebras associated with locally finite countable groups and second-countable profinite groups. In the Abelian case, the reflexivity is described in terms close to the classical ones.
We find classes of nonlocal operators of Schrödinger type on a locally compact noncompact Abelian group $G$, for which there exists a ground state. In particular, such a result is obtained for the case where the principal part of our operator generates a recurrent random walk. Explicit conditions for the existence of a ground state are obtained for the case $G =\mathbb Q_p^n$ where $\mathbb Q_p$ is the field of $p$-adic numbers.
We show that, for positive definite kernels, if specific forms of regularity (continuity, Sn-differentiability or holomorphy) hold locally on the diagonal, then they must hold globally on the whole domain of positive-definiteness. This local-to-global propagation of regularity is constructively shown to be a consequence of the algebraic structure induced by the non-negativity of the associated bilinear forms up to order 5. Consequences of these results for topological groups and for positive definite and exponentially convex functions are explored.
Inspired by an extension of Wiener's lemma on the relation of measures $μ$ on the unit circle and their Fourier coefficients $\widehatμ(k_n)$ along subsequences $(k_n)$ of the natural numbers by Cuny, Eisner and Farkas [CEF19, arXiv:1701.00101], we study the validity of the lemma when the Fourier coefficients are weighted by a sequence of probability measures. By using convergence with respect to a filter derived from these measure sequences, we obtain similar results, now also allowing the consideration of locally compact abelian groups other than $\mathbb{T}$ and $\mathbb{R}$. As an applicat…
For a locally compact group $G$, the first-named author considered the closed subspace $a_0(G)$ which is generated by the pure positive definite functions. In many cases $a_0(G)$ is itself an algebra. We illustrate using Heisenburg groups and the $2\times 2$ real special linear group, that this is not the case in general. We examine the structures of the algebras thereby created and examine properties related to amenability.
We give explicit transforms for Hilbert spaces associated with positive definite functions on $\mathbb{R}$, and positive definite tempered distributions, incl., generalizations to non-abelian locally compact groups. Applications to the theory of extensions of p.d. functions/distributions are included. We obtain explicit representation formulas for positive definite tempered distributions in the sense of L. Schwartz, and we give applications to Dirac combs and to diffraction. As further applications, we give parallels between Bochner's theorem (for continuous p.d. functions) on the one hand, an…
In this paper we investigate the following questions. Let $μ, ν$ be two regular Borel measures of finite total variation. When do we have a constant $C$ satisfying $$\int f dν\le C \int f dμ$$ whenever $f$ is a continuous nonnegative positive definite function? How the admissible constants $C$ can be characterized, and what is their optimal value? We first discuss the problem in locally compact abelian groups. Then we make further specializations when the Borel measures $μ, ν$ are both either purely atomic or absolutely continuous with respect to a reference Haar measure. In addition, we prove…
Let $Λ$ be a lattice in a second countable, locally compact abelian group $G$ with annihilator $Λ^{\perp} \subseteq \widehat{G}$. We investigate the validity of the following statement: For every $η$ in the Feichtinger algebra $S_0(G)$, the Gabor system $\{ M_τ T_λ η\}_{λ\in Λ, τ\in Λ^{\perp}}$ is not a frame for $L^2(G)$. When $G = \mathbb{R}$ and $Λ= α\mathbb{Z}$, this statement is a variant of the Balian-Low theorem. Extending a result of R. Balan, we show that whether the statement generalizes to $(G,Λ)$ is equivalent to the nontriviality of a certain vector bundle over the compact space $…
