We generalize the Weinstein-Moser theorem on the existence of nonlinear normal modes (i.e., periodic orbits) near an equilibrium in a Hamiltonian system to a theorem on the existence of relative periodic orbits near a relative equilibrium in a Hamiltonian system with continuous symmetries.
More specifically we significantly improve a result proved earlier jointly with Tokieda (math.SG/9901102): we remove a technical hypothesis which amounted to an assumption that the symmetry group is a torus.
In this paper we introduce the notion of a smooth structure on a stratified space, the notion of a Poisson smooth structure and the notion of a weakly symplectic smooth structure on a stratified symplectic space, refining the concept of a stratified symplectic Poisson algebra introduced by Sjamaar and Lerman. We show that these smooth spaces possess several important properties, e.g. the existence of smooth partitions of unity. Furthermore, under mild conditions many properties of a symplectic manifold can be extended to a symplectic stratified space provided with a smooth Poisson structure, e…
The goal of this paper is to classify symplectic toric stratified spaces with isolated singularities. This extends a result of Burns, Guillemin, and Lerman which carries out this classification in the compact connected case. In making this classification, it is necessary to classify symplectic toric cones. Via a well-known equivalence between symplectic toric cones and contact toric manifolds, this allows for the classification of contact toric manifolds as well, extending Lerman's classification of compact connected contact toric manifolds.
We develop criteria for affine varieties to admit uniruled subvarieties of certain dimensions. The measurements are from long exact sequences of versions of symplectic cohomology, which is a Hamiltonian Floer theory for some open symplectic manifolds including affine varieties. Symplectic cohomology is hard to compute, in general. However, certain vanishing and invariance properties of symplectic cohomology can be used to prove that our criteria for finding uniruled subvarieties hold in some cases. We provide applications of the criteria in birational geometry of log pairs in the direction of …
We show that if a Lie group acts properly on a co-oriented contact manifold preserving the contact structure, then the contact quotient is topologically a stratified space (in the sense that a neighborhood of a point in the quotient is a product of a disk with a cone on a compact stratified space). As a corollary, we obtain that symplectic quotients for proper Hamiltonian actions are topologically stratified spaces in this strong sense thereby extending and simplifying previous work.
The imploded cross-section of a symplectic manifold is a stratified space allowing for an abelianization of its symplectic reduction. After recalling symplectic and Poisson reduction and reviewing the basics of symplectic implosion, we prove a cross-section theorem for Poisson manifolds, generalizing the Guillemin-Sternberg theorem for symplectic manifolds, which constitutes a first step towards Poisson implosion. On our way, we find and fix a mistake in the proof of Guillemin-Sternberg's theorem, and we identify Poisson transversals as the right analogue to symplectic submanifolds in this con…
We introduce a de Rham model for stratified spaces arising from symplectic reduction. It turns out that the reduced symplectic form and its powers give rise to well-defined cohomology classes, even on a singular symplectic quotient.
In this research announcement we associate to each convex polytope, possibly nonrational and nonsimple, a family of compact spaces that are stratified by quasifolds, i.e. the strata are locally modelled by $\R^k$ modulo the action of a discrete, possibly infinite, group. Each stratified space is endowed with a symplectic structure and a moment mapping having the property that its image gives the original polytope back. These spaces may be viewed as a natural generalization of symplectic toric varieties to the nonrational setting. We provide here the explicit construction of these spaces, and a…
We construct, for each convex polytope, possibly nonrational and nonsimple, a family of compact spaces that are stratified by quasifolds, i.e. each of these spaces is a collection of quasifolds glued together in an suitable way. A quasifold is a space locally modelled on $\R^k$ modulo the action of a discrete, possibly infinite, group. The way strata are glued to each other also involves the action of an (infinite) discrete group. Each stratified space is endowed with a symplectic structure and a moment mapping having the property that its image gives the original polytope back. These spaces m…
In the presence of classical phase space singularities the standard methods are insufficient to attack the problem of quantization.In certain situations the difficulties can be overcome by means of Kähler quantization on stratified Kähler spaces. Such a space is a stratified symplectic space together with a complex analytic structure which is compatible with the stratified symplectic structure; in particular each stratum is a Kähler manifold in an obvious fashion. Holomorphic quantization on a stratified Kähler space then yields a costratified Hilbert space, a quantum object having the classic…
We prove a gluing theorem for a symplectic vortex on a compact complex curve and a collection of holomorphic sphere bubbles. Using the theorem we show that the moduli space of regular stable symplectic vortices on a fixed curve with varying markings has the structure of a stratified-smooth topological orbifold. In addition, we show that the moduli space has a non-canonical $C^1$-orbifold structure.
We show how one can handle the formalism developped by Yurii Vorobjev in order to give general results about the problems of linearisation and of normal form of a Poisson structure in the neighborhood of one of its symplectic leaves.
For a stratified symplectic space, a suitable concept of stratified Kaehler polarization, defined in terms of an appropriate Lie-Rinehart algebra, encapsulates Kaehler polarizations on the strata and the behaviour of the polarizations across the strata and leads to the notion of stratified Kaehler space. This notion establishes an intimate relationship between nilpotent orbits, singular reduction, invariant theory, reductive dual pairs, Jordan triple systems, symmetric domains, and pre-homogeneous spaces; in particular, in the world of singular Poisson geometry, the closures of principal holom…
In the present paper, we consider a smooth $C^\infty$ symplectic classification of Lagrangian fibrations near cusp singularities, parabolic orbits and cuspidal tori. We show that for these singularities as well as for an arrangement of singularities known as a flap, which arises in the integrable subcritical Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcation, the action variables form a complete set of $C^\infty$ symplectic invariants. We also give a symplectic classification for parabolic orbits in the real-analytic case. Namely, we prove that a complete symplectic invariant in this case is given by a real-analyti…
We show that the symplectic contraction map of Hilgert-Manon-Martens -- a symplectic version of Popov's horospherical contraction -- is simply the quotient of a Hamiltonian manifold $M$ by a "stratified null foliation" that is determined by the group action and moment map. We also show that the quotient differential structure on the symplectic contraction of $M$ supports a Poisson bracket. We end by proving a very general description of the topology of fibers of Gelfand-Zeitlin systems on multiplicity free Hamiltonian $U(n)$ and $SO(n)$ manifolds.
We prove the Poisson geometric version of the Local Reeb Stability (from foliation theory) and of the Slice Theorem (from equivariant geometry). The result is also a generalization of Conn's linearization theorem from one-point leaves to arbitrary symplectic leaves (however, we do not make use of Conn's theorem).
We introduce an analogue in hyperkahler geometry of the symplectic implosion, in the case of SU(n) actions. Our space is a stratified hyperkahler space which can be defined in terms of quiver diagrams. It also has a description as a non-reductive geometric invariant theory quotient.
In this paper, we explore the theme of orbifold stratified spaces and establish a general criterion for them to be smooth orbifolds. This criterion utilizes the notion of linear stratification on the gluing bundles for the orbifold stratified spaces. We introduce a concept of good gluing structure to ensure a smooth structure on the stratified space. As an application, we provide an orbifold structure on the coarse moduli space $\bar{M}_{g, n}$ of stable genus $g$ curves with $n$-marked points. Using the gluing theory for $\bar{M}_{g, n} $ associated to horocycle structures, there is a natural…
We develop the structure theory of symplectic Lie groups based on the study of their isotropic normal subgroups. The article consists of three main parts. In the first part we show that every symplectic Lie group admits a sequence of subsequent symplectic reductions to a unique irreducible symplectic Lie group. The second part concerns the symplectic geometry of cotangent symplectic Lie groups and the theory of Lagrangian extensions of flat Lie groups. In the third part of the article we analyze the existence problem for Lagrangian normal subgroups in nilpotent symplectic Lie groups.
We give a self contained and elementary description of normal forms for symplectic matrices, based on geometrical considerations. The normal forms in question are expressed in terms of elementary Jordan matrices and integers with values in $\{-1,0,1\}$ related to signatures of quadratic forms naturally associated to the symplectic matrix.
In this paper we give a generalization of the normal holomorphic frames in the symplectic manifolds and find conditions for the integrability of complex structures.
We use local Hamiltonian torus actions to degenerate a symplectic manifold to a normal crossings symplectic variety in a smooth one-parameter family. This construction, motivated in part by the Gross-Siebert and B. Parker's programs, contains a multifold version of the usual (two-fold) symplectic cut construction and in particular splits a symplectic manifold into several symplectic manifolds containing normal crossings symplectic divisors with shared irreducible components in one step.
A general slice theorem for the action of a Fréchet Lie group on a Fréchet manifolds is established. The Nash-Moser theorem provides the fundamental tool to generalize the result of Palais to this infinite-dimensional setting. The presented slice theorem is illustrated by its application to gauge theories: the action of the gauge transformation group admits smooth slices at every point and thus the gauge orbit space is stratified by Fréchet manifolds. Furthermore, a covariant and symplectic formulation of classical field theory is proposed and extensively discussed. At the root of this novel f…
Poisson transversals are those submanifolds in a Poisson manifold which intersect all symplectic leaves transversally and symplectically. In a previous note we proved a normal form theorem around such submanifolds. In this communication, we promote that result to a normal form theorem for Poisson maps around Poisson transversals. A Poisson map pulls a Poisson transversal back to a Poisson transversal, and our first main result states that simultaneous normal forms exist around such transversals, for which the Poisson map becomes transversally linear, and intertwines the normal form data of the…
We introduce topological notions of normal crossings symplectic divisor and variety and establish that they are equivalent, in a suitable sense, to the desired geometric notions. Our proposed concept of equivalence of associated topological and geometric notions fits ideally with important constructions in symplectic topology. This partially answers Gromov's question on the feasibility of defining singular symplectic (sub)varieties and lays foundation for rich developments in the future. In subsequent papers, we establish a smoothability criterion for symplectic normal crossings varieties, in …
Let $M$ be a proper Hamiltonian $K$-space with proper moment map $μ$. The symplectic quotient $X=μ^{-1}(0)/K$ is in general a singular stratified space. In this paper we first generalize the Kirwan map to this symplectic setting which maps the $K$ equivariant cohomology of $μ^{-1}(0)$ to the middle perversity intersection cohomology $IH^*(X)$. Next, we show that there is a natural right inverse of the Kirwan map, under an assumption coming from the cosupport axiom for the intersection homology sheaf. Furthermore, we can identify the subspace of $H^*_K(μ^{-1}(0))$ which corresponds to $IH^*(X)$…
We show that every negative definite configuration of symplectic surfaces in a symplectic 4--manifold has a strongly symplectically convex neighborhood. We use this to show that, if a negative definite configuration satisfies an additional negativity condition at each surface in the configuration, and if the complex singularity with resolution diffeomorphic to a neighborhood of the configuration has a smoothing, then the configuration can be symplectically replaced by the smoothing of the singularity. This generalizes the symplectic rational blowdown procedure used in recent constructions of s…
In recent work, we introduced topological notions of simple normal crossings symplectic divisor and variety, showed that they are equivalent, in a suitable sense, to the corresponding geometric notions, and established a topological smoothability criterion for them. The present paper extends these notions to arbitrary normal crossings singularities, from both local and global perspectives, and shows that they are also equivalent to the corresponding geometric notions. In subsequent papers, we extend our smoothability criterion to arbitrary normal crossings symplectic varieties and construct a …
Suppose that a Lie group $G$ acts properly on a configuration manifold $Q$. We study the symplectic quotient of $T^*Q$ with respect to the cotangent lifted $G$-action at an arbitrary coadjoint orbit level $\mathcal{O}$. In particular, if $Q=Q_{(H)}$ is of single orbit type we show that the symplectic quotient of $T^*Q$ at $\mathcal{O}$ can be constructed through a minimal coupling procedure involving the smaller cotangent bundle $T^*Q_H$, the symplectic quotient of $\mathcal{O}$ at 0 with respect to the $H$-action, and the diagonal Hamiltonian $N(H)/H$-action on these symplectic spaces. A pres…
Our previous papers introduce topological notions of normal crossings symplectic divisor and variety, show that they are equivalent, in a suitable sense, to the corresponding geometric notions, and establish a topological smoothability criterion for normal crossings symplectic varieties. The present paper constructs a blowup, a complex line bundle, and a logarithmic tangent bundle naturally associated with a normal crossings symplectic divisor and determines the Chern class of the last bundle. These structures hav applications in constructions and analysis of various moduli spaces. As a coroll…
Symplectic and Poisson structures of certain moduli spaces/Huebschmann,J./ Abstract: Let $π$ be the fundamental group of a closed surface and $G$ a Lie group with a biinvariant metric, not necessarily positive definite. It is shown that a certain construction due to A. Weinstein relying on techniques from equivariant cohomology may be refined so as to yield (i) a symplectic structure on a certain smooth manifold $\Cal M(\Cal P,G)$ containing the space $\roman{Hom}(π,G)$ of homomorphisms and, furthermore, (ii) a hamiltonian $G$-action on $\Cal M(\Cal P,G)$ preserving the symplectic structure, w…
We prove a normal form theorem for Poisson structures around Poisson transversals (also called cosymplectic submanifolds), which simultaneously generalizes Weinstein's symplectic neighborhood theorem from symplectic geometry and Weinstein's splitting theorem. Our approach turns out to be essentially canonical, and as a byproduct, we obtain an equivariant version of the latter theorem.
Diffeological and differential spaces are generalisations of smooth structures on manifolds. We show that the "intersection" of these two categories is isomorphic to Frölicher spaces, another generalisation of smooth structures. We then give examples of such spaces, as well as examples of diffeological and differential spaces that do not fall into this category. We apply the theory of diffeological spaces to differential forms on a geometric quotient of a compact Lie group. We show that the subcomplex of basic forms is isomorphic to the complex of diffeological forms on the geometric quotient.…
We overview our recent work defining and studying normal crossings varieties and subvarieties in symplectic topology. This work answers a question of Gromov on the feasibility of introducing singular (sub)varieties into symplectic topology in the case of normal crossings singularities. It also provides a necessary and sufficient condition for smoothing normal crossings symplectic varieties. In addition, we explain some connections with other areas of mathematics and discuss a few directions for further research.
Our previous paper introduces topological notions of normal crossings symplectic divisor and variety and establishes that they are equivalent, in a suitable sense, to the desired geometric notions. Friedman's d-semistability condition is well-known to be an obstruction to the smoothability of a normal crossings variety in a one-parameter family with a smooth total space in the algebraic geometry category. We show that the direct analogue of this condition is the only obstruction to such smoothability in the symplectic topology category. Every smooth fiber of the families of smoothings we descr…
This thesis studies normal forms for Poisson structures around symplectic leaves using several techniques: geometric, formal and analytic ones. One of the main results (Theorem 2) is a normal form theorem in Poisson geometry, which is the Poisson-geometric version of the Local Reeb Stability (from foliation theory) and of the Slice Theorem (from equivariant geometry). The result generalizes Conn's theorem from fixed points to arbitrary symplectic leaves. We present two proofs of this result: a geometric one relying heavily on the theory of Lie algebroids and Lie groupoids (similar to the new p…
In this paper we introduce a notion of symplectic normal crossings divisor V and define the GW invariant of a symplectic manifold X relative such a divisor. Our definition includes normal crossings divisors from algebraic geometry. The invariants we define in this paper are key ingredients in symplectic sum type formulas for GW invariants, and extend those defined in our previous joint work with T.H. Parker [IP1], which covered the case V was smooth. The main step is the construction of a compact moduli space of relatively stable maps into the pair (X, V) in the case V is a symplectic normal c…
In this paper, we prove that the two well-known natural normalizations of Hamiltonian functions on the symplectic manifold $(M,ω)$ canonically relates the action spectra of different normalized Hamiltonians on {\it arbitrary} symplectic manifolds $(M,ω)$. The natural class of normalized Hamiltonians consists of those whose mean value is zero for the closed manifold, and those which are compactly supported in $\text{Int} M$ for the open manifold. We also study the effect of the action spectrum under the $π_1$ of Hamiltonian diffeomorphism group. This forms a foundational basis for our study of …
In this paper we obtain exact normal forms with functional invariants for local diffeomorphisms, under the action of the symplectomorphism group in the source space. Using these normal forms we obtain exact classification results for the first occurring singularities of Hamiltonian systems with one-sided constraints, a problem posed by R. B. Melrose in his studies of glancing hypersurfaces.
A local normal form theorem for smooth equivariant maps between Fréchet manifolds is established. Moreover, an elliptic version of this theorem is obtained. The proof these normal form results is inspired by the Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction for dynamical systems and by the Kuranishi method for moduli spaces, and uses a slice theorem for Fréchet manifolds as the main technical tool. As a consequence of this equivariant normal form theorem, the abstract moduli space obtained by factorizing a level set of the equivariant map with respect to the group action carries the structure of a Kuranishi spac…
Let $G$ be a Lie group, with an invariant non-degenerate symmetric bilinear form on its Lie algebra, let $π$ be the fundamental group of an orientable (real) surface $M$ with a finite number of punctures, and let $\bold C$ be a family of conjugacy classes in $G$, one for each puncture. A finite-dimensional construction used earlier to obtain a symplectic structure on the moduli space of flat $G$-bundles over compact $M$ is extended to the punctured case. It yields a symplectic structure on a certain smooth manifold $\Cal M_{\bold C}$ containing the space $\roman{Hom}(π,G)_{\bold C}$ of homomor…
We compute the semi-global symplectic invariants near the hyperbolic equilibrium points of the Euler top. The Birkhoff normal form at the hyperbolic point is computed using Lie series. The actions near the hyperbolic point are found using Frobenius expansion of its Picard-Fuchs equation. We show that the Birkhoff normal form can also be found by inverting the regular solution of the Picard-Fuchs equation. Composition of the singular action integral with the Birkhoff normal form gives the semi-global symplectic invariant. Finally, we discuss the convergence of these invariants and show that in …
We explicitly compute the semi-global symplectic invariants near the focus-focus point of the spherical pendulum. A modified Birkhoff normal form procedure is presented to compute the expansion of the Hamiltonian near the unstable equilibrium point in Eliasson-variables. Combining this with explicit formulas for the action we find the semi-global symplectic invariants near the focus-focus point introduced by Vu Ngoc 2003. We also show that the Birkhoff normal form is the inverse of a complete elliptic integral over a vanishing cycle. To our knowledge this is the first time that semi-global sym…
The symplectic Stiefel manifold, denoted by $\mathrm{Sp}(2p,2n)$, is the set of linear symplectic maps between the standard symplectic spaces $\mathbb{R}^{2p}$ and $\mathbb{R}^{2n}$. When $p=n$, it reduces to the well-known set of $2n\times 2n$ symplectic matrices. We study the Riemannian geometry of this manifold viewed as a Riemannian submanifold of the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^{2n\times 2p}$. The corresponding normal space and projections onto the tangent and normal spaces are investigated. Moreover, we consider optimization problems on the symplectic Stiefel manifold. We obtain the expr…
We study coisotropic submanifolds of $b$-symplectic manifolds. We prove that $b$-coisotropic submanifolds (those transverse to the degeneracy locus) determine the $b$-symplectic structure in a neighborhood, and provide a normal form theorem. This extends Gotay's theorem in symplectic geometry. Further, we introduce strong $b$-coisotropic submanifolds and show that their coisotropic quotient, which locally is always smooth, inherits a reduced $b$-symplectic structure.
This article concerns cotangent-lifted Lie group actions; our goal is to find local and ``semi-global'' normal forms for these and associated structures. Our main result is a constructive cotangent bundle slice theorem that extends the Hamiltonian slice theorem of Marle, Guillemin and Sternberg. The result applies to all proper cotangent-lifted actions, around points with fully-isotropic momentum values. We also present a ``tangent-level'' commuting reduction result and use it to characterise the symplectic normal space of any cotangent-lifted action. In two special cases, we arrive at splitti…
