Let $M$ be a compact symplectic manifold on which a compact torus $T$ acts Hamiltonialy with a moment map $μ$. Suppose there exists a symplectic involution $θ:M\to M$, such that $μ\circθ=-μ$. Assuming that 0 is a regular value of $μ$, we calculate the trace of the action of $θ$ on the cohomology of $M$ in terms of the trace of the action of $θ$ on the symplectic reduction $μ^{-1}(0)/T$ of $M$. This result generalizes a theorem of R. Stanley, who considered the case when $M$ was a toric variety.
We consider Lagrangian Floer cohomology for a pair of Lagrangian submanifolds in a symplectic manifold M. Suppose that M carries a symplectic involution, which preserves both submanifolds. Under various topological hypotheses, we prove a localization theorem for Floer cohomology, which implies a Smith-type inequality for the Floer cohomology groups in M and its fixed point set. Two applications to symplectic Khovanov cohomology are included.
The main purpose of the present paper is a study of orientations of the moduli spaces of pseudo-holomorphic discs with boundary lying on a \emph{real} Lagrangian submanifold, i.e., the fixed point set of an anti-symplectic involutions $τ$ on a symplectic manifold. We introduce the notion of $τ$-relatively spin structure for an anti-symplectic involution $τ$, and study how the orientations on the moduli space behave under the involution $τ$. We also apply this to the study of Lagrangian Floer theory of real Lagrangian submanifolds. In particular, we study unobstructedness of the $τ$-fixed point…
Let $M$ be a compact, connected symplectic manifold with a Hamiltonian action of a compact $n$-dimensional torus $G=T^n$. Suppose that $σ$ is an anti-symplectic involution compatible with the $G$-action. The real locus of $M$ is $X$, the fixed point set of $σ$. Duistermaat uses Morse theory to give a description of the ordinary cohomology of $X$ in terms of the cohomology of $M$. There is a residual $\G=(\Zt)^n$ action on $X$, and we can use Duistermaat's result, as well as some general facts about equivariant cohomology, to prove an equivariant analogue to Duistermaat's theorem. In some cases…
We study the Floer cohomology of the Dehn twist along a real Lagrangian sphere in a symplectic manifold endowed with an anti-symplectic involution. We prove that there exists a distinguished element in the Floer group that is a fixed point of the automorphism induced by the involution. Our methods of proof are based on Mak-Wu's cobordism and Floer-theoretic considerations.
Consider a Maslov zero Lagrangian submanifold diffeomorphic to a Lie group on which an anti-symplectic involution acts by the inverse map of the group. We show that the Fukaya $A_\infty$ endomorphism algebra of such a Lagrangian is quasi-isomorphic to its de Rham cohomology tensored with the Novikov field. In particular, it is unobstructed, formal, and its Floer and de Rham cohomologies coincide. Our result implies that the smooth fibers of a large class of singular Lagrangian fibrations are unobstructed and their Floer and de Rham cohomologies coincide. This is a step in the SYZ and family Fl…
M. M. Nekhoroshev put forward the problem of to find the Complex Germ on a isotropic invariant torus with respect to Hamiltonian phases flows which come from k-functions in involution. This statement was partially solved in [9] establishing that if certain simplectic operator has a simple spectrum then the complex germ exist. In this work we solve this problem, providing a full solution, i.e. we present conditions for the existence and uniqueness of complex germ through the monodromy operator constructed in [9], but without the simple spectrum condition. We study also the Hamiltonian system wi…
We show that the space of anti-symplectic involutions of a monotone $S^2\times S^2$ whose fixed points set is a Lagrangian sphere is connected. This follows from a stronger result, namely that any two anti-symplectic involutions in that space are Hamiltonian isotopic.
In this paper, we study Hamiltonian R-actions on symplectic orbifolds [M/S], where R and S are tori. We prove an injectivity theorem and generalize Tolman-Weitsman's proof of the GKM theorem in this setting. The main example is the symplectic reduction X//S of a Hamiltonian T-manifold X by a subtorus S of T. This includes the class of symplectic toric orbifolds. We define the equivariant Chen-Ruan cohomology ring and use the above results to establish a combinatorial method of computing this equivariant Chen-Ruan cohomology in terms of orbifold fixed point data.
Using Crystal basis theory, we study the relative Gel'fand-Kalinin-Fuks cohomology groups of the formal Hamiltonian vector fields on 6-dimensional plane with weight =2,4,6.
We show that for a Hamiltonian action of a compact torus $G$ on a compact, connected symplectic manifold $M$, the $G$-equivariant cohomology is determined by the residual $S^1$ action on the submanifolds of $M$ fixed by codimension-1 tori. This theorem allows us to compute the equivariant cohomology of certain manifolds, which have pieces that are four-dimensional or smaller. We give several examples of the computations that this allows.
Let M be a Hamiltonian T space with a proper moment map, bounded below in some component. In this setting, we give a combinatorial description of the T-equivariant cohomology of M, extending results of Goresky, Kottwitz and MacPherson and techniques of Tolman and Weitsman. Moreover, when M is equipped with an antisymplectic involution σanticommuting with the action of T, we also extend to this noncompact setting the ``mod 2'' versions of these results to the real locus Q:= M^σof M. We give applications of these results to the theory of hypertoric varieties.
In this paper we introduce the concept of characteristic number that are proven to be useful in the study of the combinatorics of graph cohomology. We claim that it is a good combinatorial counterpart for geometric Betti numbers. We then use this concept and tools built along the way to study Hamiltonian GKM manifolds whose moment maps are in general position. We prove some connectivity properties of the their GKM graphs and show an upper bound of their second Betti numbers, which allows us to conclude that these manifolds, in the case of dimension 8 and 10, have non-decreasing even Betti numb…
In this note we prove the following theorem: Let $G$ be a compact Lie group acting on a compact symplectic manifold $M$ in a Hamiltonian fashion. If $L$ is an $l$-dimensional closed invariant submanifold of $M$, on which the $G$-action is locally free then the fundamental class $[L]$ is trivial in $H_l(M,{\mathbb Q})$. We also prove similar results for lower homology groups of $L$, in case the group $G$ is a finite product of copies of $S^1$ and SU(2). The key ingredients of the proofs are Kirwan's theorem that Hamiltonian spaces are equivariantly formal and symplectic reduction.
Consider a Riemann surface $X$ of genus $g \geq 2$ equipped with an antiholomorphic involution $τ$. This induces a natural involution on the moduli space $M(r,d)$ of semistable Higgs bundles of rank $r$ and degree $d$. If $D$ is a divisor such that $τ(D) = D$, this restricts to an involution on the moduli space $M(r,D)$ of semistable Higgs bundles of rank $r$ with fixed determinant $\mathcal{O}(D)$ and trace-free Higgs field. The fixed point sets of these involutions $M(r,d)^τ$ and $M(r,D)^τ$ are $(A,A,B)$-branes introduced by Baraglia-Schaposnik. In this paper, we derive formulas for the mod …
In this paper, we investigate the relative Gel'fand-Kalinin-Fuks cohomology groups of the formal Hamiltonian vector fields on R^4. In the case of formal Hamiltonian vector fields on R^2, we computed the relative Gel'fand-Kalinin-Fuks cohomology groups of weight <20 in the paper by Mikami-Nakae-Kodama. The main strategy there was decomposing the Gel'fand-Fucks cochain complex into irreducible factors and picking up the trivial representations and their concrete bases, and ours is essentially the same. By computer calculation, we determine the relative Gel'fand-Kalinin-Fuks cohomology groups of …
A classical theorem of Frankel for compact Kähler manifolds states that a Kähler S^1-action is Hamiltonian if and only if it has fixed points. We prove a metatheorem which says that when Hodge theory holds on non-compact manifolds, then Frankel's theorem still holds. Finally, we present several concrete situations in which the assumptions of the metatheorem hold.
Let $M$ be a symplectic manifold equipped with a Hamiltonian action of a torus $T$. Let $F$ denote the fixed point set of the $T$-action and let $i:F\hookrightarrow M$ denote the inclusion. By a theorem of F. Kirwan \cite{K} the induced map $i^*:H_T^*(M) \to H_T^*(F)$ in equivariant cohomology is an injection. We give a simple proof of a formula of Goresky-Kottwitz-MacPherson \cite{GKM} for the image of the map $i^*$.
We incorporate pearly Floer trajectories into the transversality scheme for pseudoholomorphic maps introduced by Cieliebak-Mohnke. By choosing generic domain-dependent almost complex structures we obtain zero and one-dimensional moduli spaces with the structure of cell complexes with rational fundamental classes. This gives a definition of Floer cohomology over Novikov rings via stabilizing divisors for compact symplectic manifolds with rational symplectic classes and Lagrangians that are fixed point sets of anti-symplectic involutions satisfying certain Maslov index conditions, in particular,…
We construct a local characteristic map to a symplectic manifold M via certain cohomology groups of Hamiltonian vector fields. For each p in M, the Leibniz cohomology of the Hamiltonian vector fields on R^{2n} maps to the Leibniz cohomology of all Hamiltonian vector fields on M. For a particular extension g_n of the symplectic Lie algebra, the Leibniz cohomology of g_n is shown to be an exterior algebra on the canonical symplectic two-form. The Leibniz homology of g_n then maps to the Leibniz homology of Hamiltonian vector fields on R^{2n}.
We prove that the count of Maslov index 2 $J$-holomorphic discs passing through a generic point of a real Lagrangian submanifold in a closed spherically monotone symplectic manifold must be even. As a corollary, we exhibit a genuine real symplectic phenomenon in terms of involutions, namely that the Chekanov torus $\mathbb{T}_{\text{Chek}}$ in $S^2\times S^2$, which is a monotone Lagrangian torus not Hamiltonian isotopic to the Clifford torus $\mathbb{T}_{\text{Clif}}$, can be seen as the fixed point set of a smooth involution, but not of an antisymplectic involution.
We develop a general scheme to construct integrable systems starting from realizations in symmetric coboundary dynamical Lie algebroids and symmetric coboundary Poisson groupoids. The method is based on the successive use of Dirac reduction and Poisson reduction. Then we show that certain spin Calogero-Moser systems associated with symmetric Lie subalgebras can be studied in this fashion. We also consider some spin-generalized Ruisjenaars- Schneider equations which correspond to the $N$-soliton solutions of $A^{(1)}_n$ affine Toda field theory. In this case, we show how the equations are obtai…
In "The Gel'fand-Kalinin-Fuks class and characteristic classes of transversely symplectic foliations", arXiv:0910.3414, (October 2009) by D.Kotschick and S.Morita, the relative Gel'fand-Kalinin-Fuks cohomology groups of the formal Hamiltonian vector fields without constant vector fields on 2n-plane were characterized by two parameters, one is degree and the other is weight. And they obtained those cohomology groups of the 2-plane while their weight <= 10. In this paper, for those cohomology groups of the 2-plane, we succeeded in determining the dimension of cochain complexes by Sp(2,R)-represe…
Let G be a complex semisimple Lie group and τa complex antilinear involution that commutes with the Cartan involution. If H denotes the connected subgroup of τ-fixed points in G, and K is maximally compact, each H-orbit in G/K can be equipped with a Poisson structure as described by Evens and Lu. We consider symplectic leaves of certain such H-orbits with a natural hamiltonian torus action. A symplectic convexity theorem of Hilgert-Neeb-Plank then leads to van den Ban's convexity theorem for (complex) semisimple symmetric spaces.
We consider the Hamiltonian flow on complex complete intersection surfaces with isolated singularities, equipped with the Jacobian Poisson structure. More generally we consider complete intersections of arbitrary dimension equipped with Hamiltonian flow with respect to the natural top polyvector field, which one should view as a degenerate Calabi-Yau structure. Our main result computes the coinvariants of functions under the Hamiltonian flow. In the surface case this is the zeroth Poisson homology, and our result generalizes those of Greuel, Alev and Lambre, and the authors in the quasihomogen…
There are classical examples of spaces X with an involution tau whose mod 2-comhomology ring resembles that of their fixed point set X^tau: there is a ring isomorphism kappa: H^2*(X) --> H^*(X^tau). Such examples include complex Grassmannians, toric manifolds, polygon spaces. In this paper, we show that the ring isomorphism kappa is part of an interesting structure in equivariant cohomology called an H^*-frame. An H^*-frame, if it exists, is natural and unique. A space with involution admitting an H^*-frame is called a conjugation space. Many examples of conjugation spaces are constructed, for…
We use quasimap Floer cohomology for varying symplectic quotients to resolve several puzzles regarding displaceability of toric moment fibers. For example, we (i) present a compact Hamiltonian torus action containing an {\em open} subset of non-displaceable orbits and a codimension four singular set, partly answering a question of McDuff, and (ii) determine displaceability for most of the moment fibers of a symplectic ellipsoid.
The main result of this paper is a quasi-hamiltonian analogue of a special case of the O'Shea-Sjamaar convexity theorem for usual momentum maps. We denote by U a simply connected compact connected Lie group and we fix an involutive automorphism of maximal rank on this Lie group (such an automorphism always exists). We then denote by M a quasi-hamiltonian U-space and we prove that the image under the momentum map of the fixed-point set of a form-reversing compatible involution of M is a convex polytope, which is in fact equal to the full momentum polytope. This theorem was announced in arXiv:ma…
Complexity one spaces are an important class of examples in symplectic geometry. Karshon and Tolman classify them in terms of combinatorial and topological data. In this paper, we compute the equivariant cohomology for any complexity one space $T^{n-1}$ acting on $M^{2n}$. The key step is to compute the equivariant cohomology for any Hamiltonian $S^1$ action on $M^4$.
We study hamiltonian actions of compact groups in the presence of compatible involutions. We show that the lagrangian fixed point set on the symplectically reduced space is isomorphic to the disjoint union of the involutively reduced spaces corresponding to involutions on the group strongly inner to the given one. Our techniques imply that the solution to the eigenvalues of a sum problem for a given real form can be relayed to the quasi-split real form in the same inner class. We also consider invariant quotients with respect to the corresponding real form of the complexified group.
The main goal of this paper is to give a unified treatment to many known cuplength estimates. As the base case, we prove that for $C^0$-perturbations of a function which is Morse-Bott along a closed submanifold, the number of critical points is bounded below in terms of the cuplength of that critical submanifold. As we work with rather general assumptions the proof also applies in a variety of Floer settings. For example, this proves lower bounds for the number of fixed points of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms, Hamiltonian chords for Lagrangian submanifolds, translated points of contactomorphisms…
Given a smooth compact Riemannian manifold $M$ and a Hamiltonian $H$ on the cotangent space $T^*M$, strictly convex and superlinear in the momentum variables, we prove uniqueness of certain ergodic invariant Lagrangian graphs within a given homology or cohomology class. In particular, in the context of quasi-integrable Hamiltonian systems, our result implies global uniqueness of Lagrangian KAM tori with rotation vector $ρ$. This result extends generically to the $C^0$-closure of KAM tori.
Lichnerowicz-Jacobi cohomology and homology of Jacobi manifolds are reviewed. We present both in a unified approach using the representation of the Lie algebra of functions on itself by means of the hamiltonian vector fields. The use of the associated Lie algebroid allows to prove that the Lichnerowicz-Jacobi cohomology and homology are invariant under conformal changes of the Jacobi structure and to stablish the duality between Lichnerowicz-Jacobi cohomology and homology when the modular class vanishes. We also compute the Lichnerowicz-Jacobi cohomology and homology for a large variety of exa…
Let $M$ be a smooth manifold and $G$ a compact connected Lie group acting on $M$ by isometries. In this paper, we study the equivariant cohomology of ${\bf X}=T^\ast M$, and relate it to the cohomology of the Marsden-Weinstein reduced space via certain residue formulae. In case that $\bf X$ is a compact symplectic manifold with a Hamiltonian $G$-action, similar residue formulae were derived by Jeffrey, Kirwan et al.
We construct shift operators on equivariant symplectic cohomology which generalise the shift operators on equivariant quantum cohomology in algebraic geometry. That is, given a Hamiltonian action of the torus $T$, we assign to a cocharacter of $T$ an endomorphism of $(S^1 \times T)$-equivariant Floer cohomology based on the equivariant Floer Seidel map. We prove the shift operator commutes with a connection. This connection is a multivariate version of Seidel's $q$-connection on $S^1$-equivariant Floer cohomology and generalises the Dubrovin connection on equivariant quantum cohomology. We pro…
Let $M$ be a symplectic manifold, equipped with a Hamiltonian action of a torus $T$. We give an explicit formula for the rational cohomology ring of the symplectic quotient $M//T$ in terms of the cohomology ring of $M$ and fixed point data. Under some restrictions, our formulas apply to integral cohomology. In certain cases these methods enable us to show that the cohomology of the reduced space is torsion-free.
The ``symplectic cut'' construction [Lerman] produces two symplectic orbifolds $C_-$ and $C_+$ from a symplectic manifold $M$ with a Hamiltonian circle action. We compute the rational cohomology ring of $C_+$ in terms of those of $M$ and $C_-$.
Let $G$ be a compact, connected Lie group and $T \subset G$ a maximal torus. Let $(M,ω)$ be a monotone closed symplectic manifold equipped with a Hamiltonian action of $G$. We construct a module action of the affine nil-Hecke algebra $\hat{H}_*^{S^1 \times T}(LG/T)$ on the $S^1 \times T$-equivariant quantum cohomology of $M$, $QH^*_{S^1 \times T}(M).$ Our construction generalizes the theory of shift operators for Hamiltonian torus actions [OP,LJ]. We show that, as in the abelian case, this action behaves well with respect to the quantum connection. As an application of our construction, we sho…
It has been shown recently by Kapustin and Tomasiello that the mathematical notion of Hamiltonian actions on twisted generalized Kähler manifolds is in perfect agreement with the physical notion of general $(2,2)$ gauged sigma models with three-form fluxes. In this article, we study the twisted equivariant cohomology theory of Hamiltonian actions on $H$-twisted generalized complex manifolds. If the manifold satisfies the $\bar{\partial}\partial$-lemma, we establish the equivariant formality theorem. If in addition, the manifold satisfies the generalized Kähler condition, we prove the Kirwan in…
Let $(X,ω)$ be a closed symplectic manifold. A loop $ϕ: S^1 \to \mathrm{Diff}(X)$ of diffeomorphisms of $X$ defines a fibration $π: P_ϕ \to S^2$. By applying Gromov-Witten theory to moduli spaces of holomorphic sections of $π$, Lalonde, McDuff and Polterovich proved that if $ϕ$ lifts to the Hamiltonian group $\mathrm{Ham}(X,ω)$, then the rational cohomology of $P_ϕ$ splits additively. We prove, with the same assumptions, that the $\mathbb{E}$-generalised cohomology of $P_ϕ$ splits additively for any complex-oriented cohomology theory $\mathbb{E}$, in particular the integral cohomology splits. …
