Xianzhe Dai, Weiping Zhang
We present the details of our embedding proof of the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theorem for Dirac operators on manifolds with boundary.
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We study the Cauchy data spaces of the strongly Callias-type operators using maximal domain on manifolds with non-compact boundary, with the aim of understanding the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index and elliptic boundary value problems.
We study realizations of pseudodifferential operators acting on sections of vector-bundles on a smooth, compact manifold with boundary, subject to conditions of Atiyah-Patodi-Singer type. Ellipticity and Fredholm property, compositions, adjoints and self-adjointness of such realizations are discussed. We construct regular spectral triples $(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{H},\mathcal{D})$ for manifolds with boundary of arbitrary dimension, where $\mathcal{H}$ is the space of square integrable sections. Starting out from Dirac operators with APS-conditions, these triples are even in case of even dimension…
In [Wu], the noncommutative Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theorem was proved. In this paper, we extend this theorem to the equivariant case.
We introduce a mathematician-friendly formulation of the physicist-friendly derivation of the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index of our previous paper. Our viewpoint sheds some new light on the interplay among the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer boundary condition, domain-wall fermions, and edge modes.
We compute the index of a Callias-type operator with APS boundary condition on a manifold with compact boundary in terms of combination of indexes of induced operators on a compact hypersurface. Our result generalizes the classical Callias-type index theorem to manifolds with compact boundary.
We describe a relation between Atiyah-Patodi-Singer boundary condition and a global elliptic boundary condition which naturally appears in formulating a splitting formula for a spectral flow, when we decompose the manifold into two components. Then we give a variant of the splitting formula with the Hoermander index as a correction term.
We prove an Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theorem for Dirac operators twisted by C*-vector bundles. We use it to derive a general product formula for eta-forms and to define and study new rho-invariants generalizing Lott's higher rho-form. The higher Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theorem of Leichtnam-Piazza can be recovered by applying the theorem to Dirac operators twisted by the Mishenko-Fomenko bundle associated to the reduced C*-algebra of the fundamental group.
We construct eta- and rho-invariants for Dirac operators, on the universal covering of a closed manifold, that are invariant under the projective action associated to a 2-cocycle of the fundamental group. We prove an Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theorem in this setting, as well as its higher generalization. Applications concern the classification of positive scalar curvature metrics on closed spin manifolds. We also investigate the properties of these twisted invariants for the signature operator and the relation to the higher invariants.
We define generalized Atiyah-Patodi-Singer boundary conditions of product type for Dirac operators associated to C*-vector bundles on the product of a compact manifold with boundary and a closed manifold. We prove a product formula for the K-theoretic index classes, which we use to generalize the product formula for the topological signature to higher signatures.
Let $Γ$ be a finitely generated discrete group satisfying the rapid decay condition. We give a new proof of the higher Atiyah-Patodi-Singer theorem on a Galois $Γ$-coverings, thus providing an explicit formula for the higher index associated to a group cocycle $c\in Z^k (Γ;\mathbb{C})$ which is of polynomial growth with respect to a word-metric. Our new proof employs relative K-theory and relative cyclic cohomology in an essential way.
We give a cohomological formula for the index of a fully elliptic pseudodifferential operator on a manifold with boundary. As in the classic case of Atiyah-Singer, we use an embedding into an euclidean space to express the index as the integral of a cohomology class depending in this case on a noncommutative symbol, the integral being over a $C^\infty$-manifold called the singular normal bundle associated to the embedding. The formula is based on a K-theoretical Atiyah-Patodi-Singer theorem for manifolds with boundary that is drawn from Connes' tangent groupoid approach.
Spectral flow and the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theorem
本文通过归约到有边流形的阿蒂亚-帕蒂-辛格指标定理，推导了闭合奇维黎曼流形上扭曲狄拉克算符族的谱流公式，并应用该结果证明了严格凸超曲面标量曲率的刚性定理。
Let $X_0$ be a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary endowed with a oriented, measured even dimensional foliation with purely transverse boundary. Let $X$ be the manifold with cylinder attached and extended foliation. We prove that the $L^2$--measured index of a Dirac type operator is well defined and the following Atiyah Patodi Singer index formula is true $$ind_{L^2,Λ}(D^+) = <\widehat{A}(X,\nabla)Ch(E/S),C_Λ> + 1/2[η_Λ(D^{\mathcal{F}_\partial}) - h^+_Λ+ h^-_Λ].$$ Here $Λ$ is a holonomy invariant transverse measure, $η_Λ(D^{\mathcal{F}_{\partial}})$ is the Ramachandran eta invariant \cit…
Capturing the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index from the lattice
本文通过格点规范理论构建狄拉克算子的阿蒂亚-帕蒂迪-辛格索引公式，利用域墙费米子狄拉克算子的谱流性质，证明在足够小的格点间距下，该方法能正确捕捉连续极限下的索引。
We consider the index of a Dirac operator on a compact even dimensional manifold with a domain wall. The latter is defined as a co-dimension one submanifold where the connection jumps. We formulate and prove an analog of the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer theorem that relates the index to the bulk integral of Pontryagin density and $η$-invariants of auxiliary Dirac operators on the domain wall. Thus the index is expressed through the global chiral anomaly in the volume and the parity anomaly on the wall.
In this paper, we define the eta cochain form and prove its regularity when the kernel of a family of Dirac operators is a vector bundle. We decompose the eta form as a pairing of the eta cochain form with the Chern character of an idempotent matrix and we also decompose the Chern character of the index bundle for a fibration with boundary as a pairing of the family Chern-Connes character for a manifold with boundary with the Chern character of an idempotent matrix. We define the family $b$-Chern-Connes character and then we prove that it is entire and give its variation formula. By this varia…
Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index and domain-wall eta invariants
本文提出一个无需边界 Dirac 算子可逆性假设的公式，将广义 Atiyah-Patodi-Singer 指标用畴壁大质量 Dirac 算子的 eta 不变量表示，避免了全局谱投影边界条件。
We propose a non-perturbative formulation of the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer(APS) index in lattice gauge theory, in which the index is given by the $η$ invariant of the domain-wall Dirac operator. Our definition of the index is always an integer with a finite lattice spacing. To verify this proposal, using the eigenmode set of the free domain-wall fermion, we perturbatively show in the continuum limit that the curvature term in the APS theorem appears as the contribution from the massive bulk extended modes, while the boundary $η$ invariant comes entirely from the massless edge-localized modes.
Let $(X_0,\mathcal{F}_0) $ be a compact manifold with boundary endowed with a foliation $\mathcal{F}_0$ which is assumed to be measured and transverse to the boundary. We denote by $Λ$ a holonomy invariant transverse measure on $(X_0,\mathcal{F}_0) $ and by $\mathcal{R}_0$ the equivalence relation of the foliation. Let $(X,\mathcal{F})$ be the corresponding manifold with cylindrical end and extended foliation with equivalence relation $\mathcal{R}$. In the first part of this work we prove a formula for the $L^2$-$Λ$ index of a longitudinal Dirac-type operator $D^{\mathcal{F}}$ on $X$ in the sp…
The Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theorem describes the bulk-edge correspondence of symmetry protected topological insulators. The mathematical setup for this theorem is, however, not directly related to the physical fermion system, as it imposes on the fermion fields a non-local and unnatural boundary condition known as the "APS boundary condition" by hand. In 2017, we showed that the same integer as the APS index can be obtained from the $η$ invariant of the domain-wall Dirac operator. Recently we gave a mathematical proof that the equivalence is not a coincidence but generally true. In this co…
Consider a proper, isometric action by a unimodular locally compact group $G$ on a Riemannian manifold $M$ with boundary, such that $M/G$ is compact. For an equivariant, elliptic operator $D$ on $M$, and an element $g \in G$, we define a numerical index $\operatorname{index}_g(D)$, in terms of a parametrix for $D$ and a trace associated to $g$. We prove an equivariant Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theorem for this index. We first state general analytic conditions under which this theorem holds, and then show that these conditions are satisfied if $g=e$ is the identity element; if $G$ is a finitel…
Consider a proper, isometric action by a unimodular locally compact group $G$ on a Riemannian manifold $M$ with boundary, such that $M/G$ is compact. Then an equivariant Dirac-type operator $D$ on $M$ under a suitable boundary condition has an equivariant index $\operatorname{index}_G(D)$ in the $K$-theory of the reduced group $C^*$-algebra $C^*_rG$ of $G$. This is a common generalisation of the Baum-Connes analytic assembly map and the (equivariant) Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index. In part I of this series, a numerical index $\operatorname{index}_g(D)$ was defined for an element $g \in G$, in term…
In this paper we describe the oriented Riemannian four-manifolds $M$ for which the Atiyah-Hitchin-Singer or Eells-Salamon almost complex structure on the twistor space ${\mathcal Z}$ of $M$ determines a harmonic map from ${\mathcal Z}$ into its twistor space.
On a smooth complete Riemannian spin manifold with smooth compact boundary, we demonstrate that the Atiyah-Singer Dirac operator $\mathrm{D}_{\mathcal B}$ in $\mathrm{L}^{2}$ depends Riesz continuously on $\mathrm{L}^{\infty}$ perturbations of local boundary conditions ${\mathcal B}$. The Lipschitz bound for the map ${\mathcal B} \to {\mathrm{D}}_{\mathcal B}(1 + {\mathrm{D}}_{\mathcal B}^2)^{-\frac{1}{2}}$ depends on Lipschitz smoothness and ellipticity of ${\mathcal B}$ and bounds on Ricci curvature and its first derivatives as well as a lower bound on injectivity radius. More generally, we …
The Atiyah-Singer index theorem, a landmark achievement of the early 1960s, brings together ideas in analysis, geometry, and topology. We recount some antecedents and motivations; various forms of the theorem; and some of its implications, which extend to the present.
Under two boundary conditions, the generalized Atiyah-Patodi-Singer boundary condition and the modified generalized -Atiyah-Patodi-Singer boundary condition, we get the lower bounds for the eigenvalues of the fundamental Dirac operator on compact spin manifolds with nonempty boundary.
We prove that the Atiyah-Singer Dirac operator ${\mathrm D}_{\mathrm g}$ in ${\mathrm L}^2$ depends Riesz continuously on ${\mathrm L}^{\infty}$ perturbations of complete metrics ${\mathrm g}$ on a smooth manifold. The Lipschitz bound for the map ${\mathrm g} \to {\mathrm D}_{\mathrm g}(1 + {\mathrm D}_{\mathrm g}^2)^{-\frac{1}{2}}$ depends on bounds on Ricci curvature and its first derivatives as well as a lower bound on injectivity radius. Our proof uses harmonic analysis techniques related to Calderón's first commutator and the Kato square root problem. We also show perturbation results for…
Let M be a riemannian manifold. The existence of a spin structure on M, enables to study the topology of M. The obstruction to the existence of the spin structure is given by the second Stiefel-Whitney class. This class is the classifying cocycle of a gerbe. One may expect that the study of this gerbe may have topological applications, for example, one may try to generalize the spinors Lichnerowicz theorem in this setting. On this purpose, we must first prove an Atiyah-Singer theorem for gerbes which is the main goal of this paper.
We study the index of the APS boundary value problem for a strongly Callias-type operator D on a complete Riemannian manifold $M$. We show that this index is equal to an index on a simpler manifold whose boundary is a disjoint union of two complete manifolds $N_0$ and $N_1$. If the dimension of $M$ is odd we show that the latter index depends only on the restrictions $A_0$ and $A_1$ of $D$ to $N_0$ and $N_1$ and thus is an invariant of the boundary. We use this invariant to define the relative eta-invariant $η(A_1,A_0)$. We show that even though in our situation the eta-invariants of $A_1$ and…
We present an alternate definition of the mod {\bf Z} component of the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer $η$ invariant associated to (not necessary unitary) flat vector bundles, which identifies explicitly its real and imaginary parts. This is done by combining a deformation of flat connections introduced in a previous paper with the analytic continuation procedure appearing in the original article of Atiyah, Patodi and Singer.
The Atiyah-Singer index theorem gives a topological formula for the index of an elliptic differential operator. Enlightening from Alain Connes' tangent groupoid proof of the index theorem and van Erp's research for the Heisenberg index theory on contact manifolds, we give an explicit construction of a series of maps, whose induced map in K-theory is the Heisenberg Atiyah-Singer index map on contact manifolds. Our methods derive from Higson's construction for symbol class in K-theory.
A condition for the existence of false gauge field copies in terms of the Lefschetz number of a certain differential operator is presented.
We establish existence of the eta-invariant as well as of the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer and the Cheeger-Gromov rho-invariants for a class of Dirac operators on an incomplete edge space. Our analysis applies in particular to the signature, the Gauss-Bonnet and the spin Dirac operator. We derive an analogue of the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theorem for incomplete edge spaces and their non-compact infinite Galois coverings with edge singular boundary. Our arguments employ microlocal analysis of the heat kernel asymptotics on incomplete edge spaces and the classical argument of Atiyah-Patodi-Singer. As…
We formulate and prove a lattice version of the Atiyah-Singer index theorem. The main theorem gives a $K$-theoretic formula for an index-type invariant of operators on lattice approximations of closed integral affine manifolds. We apply the main theorem to an index problem of Wilson-Dirac operators in lattice gauge theory.
Let $M$ be a globally hyperbolic manifold with complete spacelike Cauchy hypersurface $Σ\subset M$. Building on past and recent works of Bär and Strohmaier, we extend their Fredholm result of the Atiyah-Singer Dirac operator on compact Lorentzian spaces to the case, where $M$ is diffeomorphic to a product of $Σ$ with a compact time intervall and the hypersurface is a Galois covering with respect to a group $Γ$. We follow the first approach of both authors in this extended setting, where a well-posedness result of the Cauchy problem for the Dirac operator on non-compact manifolds is needed in p…
The Atiyah-Singer index theorem is a topological formula for the index of an elliptic differential operator. The topological index depends on a cohomology class that is constructed from the principal symbol of the operator. On contact manifolds, the important Fredholm operators are not elliptic, but hypoelliptic. Their symbolic calculus is noncommutative, and involves analysis on the Heisenberg group. For a hypoelliptic differential operator in the Heisenberg calculus on a contact manifold we construct a symbol class in the K-theory of a noncommutative C*-algebra of symbols. There is a canonic…
We extend the Atiyah, Patodi, and Singer index theorem for first order differential operators from the context of manifolds with cylindrical ends to manifolds with periodic ends. This theorem provides a natural complement to Taubes' Fredholm theory for general end-periodic operators. Our index theorem is expressed in terms of a new periodic eta-invariant that equals the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer eta-invariant in the cylindrical setting. We apply this periodic eta-invariant to the study of moduli spaces of Riemannian metrics of positive scalar curvature.
In this talk, we review the heat kernel approach to the Atiyah-Singer index theorem for Dirac operators on closed manifolds, as well as the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theorem for Dirac operators on manifolds with boundary. We also discuss the odd dimensional counterparts of the above results. In particular, we describe a joint result with Xianzhe Dai on an index theorem for Toeplitz operators on odd dimensional manifolds with boundary.
In this paper, an equality between the Hochs-Mathai type index and the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer type index is established when the manifold and the group action are both non-compact, which generalizes a result of Ma and Zhang for compact group actions. As a technical preparation, a problem concerning the Fredholm property of the global elliptic boundary value problems of the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer type on a non-compact manifold is studied.
The index theorem, discovered by Atiyah and Singer in 1963, is one of most important results in the twentieth century mathematics. It found numerous applications in analysis, geometry and physics. Since it was discovered numerous attempts to generalize it were made, see for example [5, 3, 4, 16, 12] to mention a few; some of these generalizations gave rise to new very productive areas of mathematics. In this lectures we first review the classical Atiyah-Singer index theorem and its generalization to so called transversally elliptic operators (Atiyah, 1974) due to Atiyah and Singer. Then we dis…
We present a new solution to the index problem for hypoelliptic operators in the Heisenberg calculus on contact manifolds, by constructing the appropriate topological K-theory cocycle for such operators. Its Chern character gives a cohomology class to which the Atiyah-Singer index formula can be applied. Such a K-cocycle has already been constructed by Boutet de Monvel for Toeplitz operators, and, more recently, by Melrose and Epstein for the class of Hermite operators. Our construction applies to general hypoelliptic pseudodifferential operators in the Heisenberg calculus. As in the Hermite I…
We give a new short proof of the index formula of Atiyah and Singer based on combining Getzler's rescaling with Greiner's approach of the heat kernel asymptotics. As application we can easily compute the Connes-Moscovici cyclic cocycle of even and odd Dirac spectral triples, and then recover the Atiyah-Singer index formula (even case) and the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer spectral flow formula (odd case).
We show that the R/Z part of the analytically defined eta invariant of Atiyah-Patodi-Singer for a Dirac operator on an odd dimensional closed spin manifold can be expressed purely geometrically through a stable Chern-Simons current on a higher dimensional sphere. As a preliminary application, we discuss the relation with the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer R/Z index theorem for unitary flat vector bundles, and prove an R refinement in the case where the Dirac operator is replaced by the Signature operator. We also extend the above discussion to the case of eta invariants associated to Hermitian vector bu…
We show that elliptic complexes of (pseudo)differential operators on smooth compact manifolds with boundary can always be complemented to a Fredholm problem by boundary conditions involving global pseudodifferential projections on the boundary (similarly as the spectral boundary conditions of Atiyah, Patodi and Singer for a single operator). We prove that boundary conditions without projections can be chosen if, and only if, the topological Atiyah-Bott obstruction vanishes. These results make use of a Fredholm theory for complexes of operators in algebras of generalized pseudodifferential oper…
Motivated by the work of Vishik on the analytic torsion we introduce a new class of generalized Atiyah-Patodi-Singer boundary value problems. We are able to derive a full heat expansion for this class of operators generalizing earlier work of Grubb and Seeley. As an application we give another proof of the gluing formula for the eta invariant. Our class of boundary conditions contains as special cases the usual (nonlocal) Atiyah-Patodi-Singer boundary value problems as well as the (local) relative and absolute boundary conditions for the Gauss-Bonnet operator.
We derive a formula for the index of a Dirac operator on a compact, even-dimensional incomplete edge space satisfying a "geometric Witt condition". We accomplish this by cutting off to a smooth manifold with boundary, applying the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theorem, and taking a limit. We deduce corollaries related to the existence of positive scalar curvature metrics on incomplete edge spaces.
In the first part of this paper, given a smooth family of Dirac-type operators on an odd-dimensional closed manifold, we construct an abelian gerbe-with-connection whose curvature is the three-form component of the Atiyah-Singer families index theorem. In the second part of the paper, given a smooth family of Dirac-type operators whose index lies in the i-th filtration of the reduced K-theory of the parametrizing space, we construct a set of Deligne cohomology class of degree i whose curvatures are the i-form component of the Atiyah-Singer families index theorem.
Non-local boundary conditions, such as the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer (APS) conditions, for Dirac operators on Riemannian manifolds are well understood while not much is known for such operators on spacetimes with timelike boundary. We define a class of Lorentzian boundary conditions that are local in time and non-local in the spatial directions and show that they lead to a well-posed Cauchy problem for the Dirac operator. This applies in particular to the APS conditions imposed on each level set of a given Cauchy temporal function.
We establish the basics of the analysis of operators on coverings of manifolds with cylindrical ends with a group of deck transformations $Γ$. We prove the $Γ$-analogue of the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer formula for Dirac operators on such coverings.
A Dirac operator on a complete manifold is Fredholm if it is invertible outside a compact set. Assuming a compact group to act on all relevant structure, and the manifold to have a warped product structure outside such a compact set, we express the equivariant index of such a Dirac operator as an Atiyah-Segal-Singer type contribution from inside this compact set, and a contribution from outside this set. Consequences include equivariant versions of the relative index theorem of Gromov and Lawson, in the case of manifolds with warped product structures at infinity, and the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer …
In 1993, Bismut and Zhang establish a mod Z embedding formula of Atiyah-Patodi-Singer reduced eta invariants. In this paper, we explain the hidden mod Z term as a spectral flow and extend this embedding formula to the equivariant family case. In this case, the spectral flow is generalized to the equivariant chern character of some equivariant Dai-Zhang higher spectral flow.
Extending ideas of Atiyah--Bott--Shapiro and Quillen, we construct a model for differential $\rm KO$-theory whose cocycles are families of Clifford modules with superconnection. The model is built to accommodate an analytic pushforward for bundles of spin manifolds, affording a differential refinement of Atiyah and Singer's families index.
We compute the index of the Dirac operator on spin Riemannian manifolds with conical singularities, acting from $L^p(Σ^+)$ to $L^q(Σ^-)$ with $p,q>1$. When $1+\frac{n}{p}-\frac{n}{q}>0$ we obtain the usual Atiyah-Patodi-Singer formula, but with a spectral cut at $\frac{n+1}{2}-\frac{n}{q}$ instead of 0 in the definition of the eta invariant. In particular we reprove Chou's formula for the $L^2$ index. For $1+\frac{n}{p}-\frac{n}{q}\leq 0$ the index formula contains an extra term related to the Calderón projector.
$L^2$-Gamma-Fredholmness for spacetimes
本文研究时间紧致全局双曲时空中 $Γ$-不变 Lorentzian Dirac 算子在推广的（反）Atiyah-Patodi-Singer 边界条件下的 von Neumann 意义 $L^2$-$Γ$-Fredholm 性。
We define a class of boundary value problems on manifolds with fibered boundary. This class is in a certain sense a deformation between the classical boundary value problems and the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer problems in subspaces. The boundary conditions in this theory are taken as elements of the C^*-algebra generated by pseudodifferential operators and families of pseudodifferential operators in the fibers. We prove the Fredholm property for elliptic boundary value problems. This class also contains nonlocal boundary value problems of math.KT/0108107. We compute a topological obstruction (similar…
We prove an analogue for even dimensional manifolds of the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer twisted index theorem for trivialized flat bundles. We show that the eta invariant appearing in this result coincides with the eta invariant by Dai and Zhang up to an integer. We also obtain the odd dimensional counterpart for manifolds with boundary of the relative index pairing by Lesch, Moscovici and Pflaum.
On a compact globally hyperbolic Lorentzian spin manifold with smooth spacelike Cauchy boundary the (hyperbolic) Dirac operator is known to be Fredholm when Atiyah-Patodi-Singer boundary conditions are imposed. In this paper we investigate to what extent these boundary conditions can be replaced by more general ones and how the index then changes. There are some differences to the classical case of the elliptic Dirac operator on a Riemannian manifold with boundary.
We survey the Hirzebruch signature theorem as a special case of the Atiyah-Singer index theorem. The family version of the Atiyah-Singer index theorem in the form of the Riemann-Roch-Grothendieck-Quillen (RRGQ) formula is then applied to the complexified signature operators varying along the universal family of elliptic curves. The RRGQ formula allows us to determine a generalized cohomology class on the base of the elliptic fibration that is known in physics as (a measure of) the local and global anomaly. Combining several anomalous operators allows us to cancel the local anomaly on a Jacobia…
We review the Atiyah-Singer Index theorem and some applications. Only basic knowledge of differential geometry and Lie groups is required.
Spectrum of the Dirac operator on Compact Riemannian Manifolds
本文研究紧黎曼流形上Dirac算子的特征值问题，通过外在估计推导出任意连续n个特征值之和的不等式，并应用于欧氏空间、单位球面和射影空间中的紧子流形，同时给出曲率条件下的普适界及Atiyah-Singer Laplacian特征值和的上界估计。
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