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集合族的广义度与广义密度

Generalized degrees and densities for families of sets

Emanuel Knill

摘要:

设F是{1,2,…,n}。在F的至少一个成员中的元素x的宽度是族{U in F}的宽度|x in U}。如果F的最大宽度度不超过k,则F是局部k宽的。建立了局部k宽集合族的大小的界。如果F是局部k-宽且中心的(F中的每个U都有一个元素不属于F中与U不可比的任何成员),则|F| <=(k+1)(n-k/2);此界是最佳可能的。几乎精确的界限,线性n和k,局部k-宽家庭的弧或段的大小确定。若F是任意局部k-宽集合族,则|F|在n中线性有界.这个结果的证明涉及反链的组合学分析。设P是偏序集,L是半格(或交闭集族)。L的P大小为|L^P|.对于L中的u,u的P-密度是|[u]^P|/|L^P|. u的密度由u的[1]-密度给出。设p是P的滤子个数,L具有P-密度性当且仅当存在L中的并不可约a使得a的P-密度至多为1/p哪些非平凡半格具有P-密度性?对于P=[1],已经证明了答案是:“所有”(并闭集猜想)。下半模格和几何格(P=[n])的某些次直积具有强意义下的P-稠密性。这推广了一些以前已知的结果。如果n足够大,则固定格具有[n]-密度性质。估计了包含该空集的并闭集族L的生成元U的密度。该估计仅依赖于L在U处的局部性质。如果L是由大小至多为2的集合生成的,则存在L的生成元U,其估计密度至多为1/2。

英文摘要:

Let F be a family of subsets of {1,2,...,n}. The width-degree of an element x in at least one member of F is the width of the family {U in F | x in U}. If F has maximum width-degree at most k, then F is locally k-wide. Bounds on the size of locally k-wide families of sets are established. If F is locally k-wide and centered (every U in F has an element which does not belong to any member of F incomparable to U), then |F| <= (k+1)(n-k/2); this bound is best possible. Nearly exact bounds, linear in n and k, on the size of locally k-wide families of arcs or segments are determined. If F is any locally k-wide family of sets, then |F| is linearly bounded in n. The proof of this result involves an analysis of the combinatorics of antichains. Let P be a poset and L a semilattice (or an intersection-closed family of sets). The P-size of L is |L^P|. For u in L, the P-density of u is the ratio |[u)^P|/|L^P|. The density of u is given by the [1]-density of u. Let p be the number of filters of P. L has the P-density property iff there is a join-irreducible a in L such that the P-density of a is at most 1/p Which non-trivial semilattices have the P-density property? For P=[1], it has been conjectured that the answer is: "all" (the union-closed sets conjecture). Certain subdirect products of lower-semimodular lattices and, for P=[n], of geometric lattices have the P-density property in a strong sense. This generalizes some previously known results. A fixed lattice has the [n]-density property if n is large enough. The density of a generator U of a union-closed family of sets L containing the empty set is estimated. The estimate depends only on the local properties of L at U. If L is generated by sets of size at most two, then there is a generator U of L with estimated density at most 1/2.

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