The response to a setpoint change in PID controlled feedback systems plays an important role for the tuning methods. This response may be easily evaluated in linear systems without delay by solving the related ordinary differential equations. These equations are also obtained for system with delay, if the delay exponential term is approximated to a polynomial by one of the Pade expressions. If this simplification is avoided, one must deal with differential difference equations. In this paper their explicit solution, obtained with the method of steps, is presented. Moreover a second order equation is investigated as example and the complete set of the coefficients formulas is given.
The stability of feedback systems consisting of linear time-delay plants and PID controllers has been investigated for many years by means of several methods, of which the Nyquist criterion, a generalization of the Hermite-Biehler Theorem, and the root location method are well known. The main purpose of these researches is to determine the range of controller parameters that allow stability. Explicit and complete expressions of the boundaries of these regions and computation procedures with a finite number of steps are now available only for first-order plants, provided with one time delay. In…
This paper is concerned with the regulation control of a one-dimensional reaction-diffusion equation in the presence of a state-delay in the reaction term. The objective is to achieve the PI regulation of the right Dirichlet trace with a command selected as the left Dirichlet trace. The control design strategy consists of the design of a PI controller on a finite dimensional truncated model obtained by spectral reduction. By an adequate selection of the number of modes of the original infinite-dimensional system, we show that the proposed control design procedure achieves both the exponential …
This paper presents the analysis of the stability properties of PID controllers for dynamical systems with multiple state delays, focusing on the mathematical characterization of the potential sensitivity of stability with respect to infinitesimal parametric perturbations. These perturbations originate for instance from neglecting feedback delay, a finite difference approximation of the derivative action, or neglecting fast dynamics. The analysis of these potential sensitivity problems leads us to the introduction of a `robustified' notion of stability called \emph{strong stability}, inspired …
In this paper the following three control systems for first-order time-delay plants are studied and compared: the feedback proportional-integral controller (PI), the Smith Predictor (SP) and a proposed variable structure consisting of two blocks. This structure acts as an open-loop proportional controller, after a setpoint change, and as a closed-loop integrating controller, when the error enters in a preset band. A chart, provided with the borderlines of the stability zone and with the curves of two design parameters, is implemented for each controller. The first parameter is the overshoot of…
In this paper a new optimum tuning method of PI controllers in first-order time-delay systems, based on the deadbeat response to a step setpoint variation, is presented. The deadbeat performance, already studied for the plants without delay, consists of a fast achievement of the steady state with an overshoot included in a narrow band and with minimum rise and settling times. In the proposed method the rise and settling times are both replaced with the integral of the squared error and the constraint, which requires a controller output less than a preset value, is added. The transient behaviou…
Fractional Order Fuzzy Control of Nuclear Reactor Power with Thermal-Hydraulic Effects in the Presence of Random Network Induced Delay and Sensor Noise having Long Range Dependence
Jadavpur University（贾达普大学）；University of Southampton（南安普顿大学）；Indian Institute of Technology Delhi（德里印度理工学院）；Bhabha Atomic Research Centre（巴哈原子研究中心）
Active Queue Management (AQM) for mitigating Internet congestion has been addressed via various feedback control syntheses, especially P, PI, and PID regulators, by using a linear approximation where the ``round trip time'', i.e., the delay, is assumed to be constant. This constraint is lifted here by using a nonlinear modeling with a variable delay, introduced more than 20 years ago. This delay, intimately linked to the congestion phenomenon, may be viewed as a ``flat output.'' All other system variables, especially the control variable, i.e., the packet loss ratio, are expressed as a functio…
Multi-objective LQR with Optimum Weight Selection to Design FOPID Controllers for Delayed Fractional Order Processes
School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton（南安普顿大学电子与计算机科学学院）；Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University（贾达普大学动力工程系）；Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London（帝国理工学院地球科学与工程系）；Reactor Control Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre（巴哈原子研究中心反应堆控制部）
