We continue our study of the decoupled wave equation in the exterior of a spherically symmetric, Schwarzschild, black hole. Because null geodesics on the photon sphere orbit the black hole, extra effort must be made to show that the high angular momentum components of a solution decay sufficiently fast, particularly for low regularity initial data. Previous results are rapid decay for regular ($H^3$) initial data \cite{BSterbenz} and slower decay for rough ($H^{1+ε}$) initial data \cite{BlueSoffer3}. Here, we combine those methods to show boundedness of the conformal charge. From this, we conclude that there are bounds for global in time, space-time norms, in particular
\int_I |\tildeϕ|^4 d^4vol < C for $H^{1+ε}$ initial data with additional decay towards infinite and the bifurcation sphere. Here $\tildeϕ$ refers to a solution of the wave equation. $I$ denotes the exterior region of the Schwarzschild solution, which can be expressed in coordinates as $r>2M$, $t\in\Reals, ω\in S^2$, and $d^4\text{vol}$ is the natural 4-dimensional volume induced by the Schwarzschild pseudo-metric. We also demonstrate that the photon sphere has the same influence on the wave equation as a closed geodesic has on the wave equation on a Riemannian manifold. We demonstrate this similarity by extending our techniques to the wave equation on a class of Riemannian manifolds. Under further assumptions, the space-time estimates are sufficient to prove global bounds for small data, nonlinear wave equations on a class of Riemannian manifolds with closed geodesics. We must use global, space-time integral estimates since $L^\infty$ estimates cannot hold at this level of regularity.
In this paper we define the radiation field for the wave equation on the Schwarzschild black hole spacetime. In this context it has two components: the rescaled restriction of the time derivative of a solution to null infinity and to the event horizon. In the process, we establish some regularity properties of solutions of the wave equation on the spacetime. In particular, we prove that the regularity of the solution across the event horizon and across null infinity is determined by the regularity and decay rate of the initial data at the event horizon and at infinity. We also show that the ra…
We extend Penrose's peeling model for the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to the scalar wave equation at null infinity on asymptotically flat backgrounds, which is well understood for flat space-time, to Schwarzschild and the asymptotically simple space-times of Corvino-Schoen/Chrusciel-Delay. We combine conformal techniques and vector field methods: a naive adaptation of the ``Morawetz vector field'' to a conformal rescaling of the Schwarzschild metric yields a complete scattering theory on Corvino-Schoen/Chrusciel-Delay space-times. A good classification of solutions that peel arises from …
We derive regularity estimates for viscosity solutions to the parabolic normalized p-Laplace. By using approximation methods and scaling arguments for the normalized p-parabolic operator, we show that the gradient of bounded viscosity solutions is locally asymptotically Lipschitz continuous when $p$ is sufficiently close to 2. In addition, we establish regularity estimates in Sobolev spaces.
In this paper we produce new, optimal, regularity results for the solutions to $p$-Poisson equations. We argue through a delicate approximation method, under a smallness regime for the exponent $p$, that imports information from a limiting profile driven by the Laplace operator. Our arguments contain a novelty of technical interest, namely a sequential stability result; it connects the solutions to $p$-Poisson equations with harmonic functions, yielding improved regularity for the former. Our findings relate a smallness regime with improved $\mathcal{C}^{1,1-}$-estimates in the presence of $L^…
This paper is devoted to the proof of Lipschitz regularity, down to the microscopic scale, for solutions of an elliptic system with highly oscillating coefficients, over a highly oscillating Lipschitz boundary. The originality of this result is that it does not assume more than Lipschitz regularity on the boundary. Our Theorem, which is a significant improvement of our previous work on Lipschitz estimates in bumpy domains, should be read as an improved regularity result for an elliptic system over a Lipschitz boundary. Our progress in this direction is made possible by an estimate for a bounda…
In this note, we prove that if a subharmonic function $Δu\ge 0$ has pure second derivatives $\partial_{ii} u$ that are signed measures, then their negative part $(\partial_{ii} u)_-$ belongs to $L^1$ (in particular, it is not singular). We then show that this improvement of regularity cannot be upgraded to $L^p$ for any $p > 1$. We finally relate this problem to a natural question on the one-sided regularity of solutions to the obstacle problem with rough obstacles.
We study a nonlinear system made up of an elliptic equation of blended singular/degenerate type and Poisson's equation with a lowly integrable source. We prove the existence of a weak solution in any space dimension and, chiefly, derive an improved $\mathcal{C}^{1,\text{log-Lip}}$-regularity estimate using tangential analysis methods. The system illustrates a sophisticated version of the proverbial thermistor problem and our results are new even in simpler modelling scenarios.
An $\eps$-regularity criterion at one scale for 3-D Navier-Stokes equations and improved upper bound on the box dimension of the interior singular set
Hebei Key Laboratory of Machine Learning and Computational Intelligence, College of Mathematics and Information Science, Hebei University（河北大学数学与信息科学学院机器学习与计算智能河北省重点实验室）
In the present work we establish sharp regularity estimates for the solutions of the porous medium equation, along their zero level-sets. We work under a proximity regime on the exponent governing the nonlinearity of the problem. Then, we prove that solutions are locally of class $\mathcal{C}^{1-,\frac{1}{2}-}$ along free boundary points $x_0\in \partial\left\lbrace u>0\right\rbrace$, both in time and space. Our argument consists of importing information from the heat equation, through approximation and localization methods.
In this note we prove an abstract version of a recent quantitative stratifcation priciple introduced by Cheeger and Naber (Invent. Math., 191 (2013), no. 2, 321-339; Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 66 (2013), no. 6, 965-990). Using this general regularity result paired with an $\varepsilon$-regularity theorem we provide a new estimate of the Minkowski dimension of the set of higher multiplicity points of a Dir-minimizing Q-valued function. The abstract priciple is applicable to several other problems: we recover recent results in the literature and we obtain also some improvements in more classical co…
We consider minimising $p$-harmonic maps from three-dimensional domains to the real projective plane, for $1<p<2$. These maps arise as least-energy configurations in variational models for nematic liquid crystals. We show that the singular set of such a map decomposes into a $1$-dimensional set, which can be physically interpreted as a non-orientable line defect, and a locally finite set, i.e. a collection of point defects.
In this manuscript we establish local Hölder regularity estimates for bounded solutions of a certain class of doubly degenerate evolution PDEs. By making use of intrinsic scaling techniques and geometric tangential methods, we derive sharp regularity estimates for such models, which depend only on universal and compatibility parameters of the problem. In such a scenario, our results are natural improvements for former ones in the context of nonlinear evolution PDEs with degenerate structure via a unified approach. As a consequence for our findings and approach, we address a Liouville type resu…
We prove a quantitative regularity theorem and blowup criterion for classical solutions of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations satisfying certain critical conditions. The solutions we consider have $\|r^{1-\frac3q}u\|_{L_t^\infty L_x^q}<\infty$ where $r=\sqrt{x_1^2+x_2^2}$ and either $q\in(3,\infty)$, or $u$ is axisymmetric and $q\in(2,3]$. Using the strategy of Tao (2019), we obtain improved subcritical estimates for such solutions depending only on the double exponential of the critical norm. One consequence is a double logarithmic lower bound on the blowup rate. We make use of som…
This paper is devoted to the investigation of long-time behaviour of solutions to wave equations with quadratic nonlinearity and cubic Dirac equations with Hartree-type nonlinearity. We consider the nonlinearity here with enough simplicity so that we can treat it as a toy model and simultaneously with enough generality so that we can apply our result to wave and Dirac equations with various nonlinearities. The challenging point is that nonlinearity possesses singularity near the origin. Our strategy is to relax such a singularity by exploiting fully an angular momentum operator. In this manner…
We prove that sufficiently regular solutions to the wave equation $\Box_gϕ=0$ on the exterior of the Schwarzschild black hole obey the estimates $|ϕ|\leq C_δv_+^{-{3/2}+δ}$ and $|\partial_tϕ|\leq C_δ v_+^{-2+δ}$ on a compact region of $r$ and along the event horizon. This is proved with the help of a new vector field commutator that is analogous to the scaling vector field on Minkowski spacetime. This result improves the known decay rates in the region of finite $r$ and along the event horizon.
We establish surprising improved Schauder regularity properties for solutions to the Leray-Lions divergence type equation in the plane. The results are achieved by studying the nonlinear Beltrami equation and making use of special new relations between these two equations. In particular, we show that solutions to an autonomous Beltrami equation enjoy a quantitative improved degree of Hölder regularity, higher than what is given by the classical exponent $1/K$.
We investigate regularity estimates for the stationary Navier-Stokes equations above a highly oscillating Lipschitz boundary with the no-slip boundary condition. Our main result is an improved Lipschitz regularity estimate at scales larger than the boundary layer thickness. We also obtain an improved $C^{1,μ}$ estimate and identify the building blocks of the regularity theory, dubbed `Navier polynomials'. In the case when some structure is assumed on the oscillations of the boundary, for instance periodicity, these estimates can be seen as local error estimates. Although we handle the regulari…
Improved Regularity for Nonlocal Hamilton--Jacobi Equations with Superlinear Hamiltonians
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Sorbonne Université（巴黎西岱大学、法国国家科学研究中心、索邦大学）；O. Mayer Mathematics Institute, Romanian Academy（罗马尼亚科学院 O. Mayer 数学研究所）；Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS（雷恩大学、雷恩国立应用科学学院、法国国家科学研究中心）
In this paper, logarithmically improved regularity criteria for the Navier--Stokes/Poisson--Nernst--Planck system are established in terms of both the pressure and the gradient of pressure in the homogeneous Besov space.
In this paper, we examine the regularity of the solutions to the double-divergence equation. We establish improved Hölder continuity as solutions approach their zero level-sets. In fact, we prove that $α$-Hölder continuous coefficients lead to solutions of class $\mathcal{C}^{1^-}$, locally. Under the assumption of Sobolev differentiable coefficients, we establish regularity in the class $\mathcal{C}^{1,1^-}$. Our results unveil improved continuity along a nonphysical free boundary, where the weak formulation of the problem vanishes. We argue through a geometric set of techniques, implemented …
This paper recalls a partial differential equations system, which is the linearization of a recognized fluid-elasticity interaction three-dimensional model. A collection of regularity results for the traces of the fluid variable on the interface between the body and the fluid is established, in the case a suitable boundary dissipation is present. These regularity estimates -- in time and space, of local and global nature -- are geared toward ensuring the well-posedness of the algebraic Riccati equations which arise from the associated optimal boundary control problems on an infinite time horiz…
This work is concerned with both higher integrability and differentiability for linear nonlocal equations with possibly very irregular coefficients of VMO-type or even coefficients that are merely small in BMO. In particular, such coefficients might be discontinuous. While for corresponding local elliptic equations with VMO coefficients such a gain of Sobolev regularity along the differentiability scale is unattainable, it was already observed in previous works that gaining differentiability in our nonlocal setting is possible under less restrictive assumptions than in the local setting. In th…
We study the partial regularity of suitable weak solutions to the three dimensional incompressible Navier--Stokes equations. There have been several attempts to refine the Caffarelli--Kohn--Nirenberg criterion (1982). We present an improved version of the CKN criterion with a direct method, which also provides the quantitative relation in Seregin's criterion (2007).
We consider a thermodynamically consistent model for the evolution of thermally conducting two-phase incompressible fluids. Complementing previous results, we prove additional regularity properties of solutions in the case when the evolution takes place in the two-dimensional flat torus with periodic boundary conditions. Thanks to improved regularity, we can also prove uniqueness and characterize the long-time behavior of trajectories showing existence of the global attractor in a suitable phase-space.
In this manuscript we study geometric regularity estimates for problems driven by fully nonlinear elliptic operators under strong absorption conditions. We establish improved geometric regularity along the free boundary, for a sharp value depending only on structural parameters. Non degeneracy among others measure theoretical properties are also obtained. A sharp Liouville result for entire solutions with controlled growth at infinity is proved. We also present a number of applications consequential of our findings.
We revisit some issues about existence and regularity for the wave equation in noncylindrical domains. Using a method of diffeomorphisms, we show how, through increasing regularity assumptions, the existence of weak solutions, their improved regularity and an energy balance can be derived. As an application, we give a rigorous definition of dynamic energy release rate density for some problems of debonding, and we formulate a proper notion of solution for such problems. We discuss the consistence of such formulation with previous ones, given in literature for particular cases.
The present paper establishes boundedness of $[m-\frac n2+\frac 12]$ derivatives for the solutions to the polyharmonic equation of order $2m$ in arbitrary bounded open sets of $\RR^n$, $2\leq n\leq 2m+1$, without any restrictions on the geometry of the underlying domain. It is shown that this result is sharp and cannot be improved in general domains. Moreover, it is accompanied by sharp estimates on the polyharmonic Green function.
The Cauchy problem for the Yang-Mills system in two space dimensions is treated for data with minimal regularity assumptions. In the classical case of data in $L^2$-based Sobolev spaces we have to assume that the number of derivatives is more than $3/4$ above the critical regularity with respect to scaling. For data in $L^r$-based Fourier-Lebesgue spaces this result can be improved by $1/4$ derivative in the sense of scaling as $r \to 1$ .
We prove a logarithmic improvement of the Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg partial regularity theorem for the Navier-Stokes equations. The key idea is to find a quantitative counterpart for the absolute continuity of the dissipation energy using the pigeonhole principle. Based on the same method, for any suitable weak solution, we show the existence of intervals of regularity in one spatial direction with length depending exponentially on the natural local energies of the solution. Then, we give two applications of the latter result in the axially symmetric case. The first one is a local quantitative…
We prove local well-posedness for the gravity water waves equations without surface tension, with initial velocity field in $H^s$, $s > \frac{d}{2} + 1 - μ$, where $μ= \frac{1}{10}$ in the case $d = 1$ and $μ= \frac{1}{5}$ in the case $d \geq 2$, extending previous results of Alazard-Burq-Zuily. The improvement primarily arises in two areas. First, we perform an improved analysis of the regularity of the change of variables from Eulerian to Lagrangian coordinates. Second, we perform a time-interval length optimization of the localized Strichartz estimates.
The gravity water waves equations describe the evolution of the surface of an incompressible, irrotational fluid in the presence of gravity. The classical regularity threshold for the well-posedness of this system requires initial velocity field in $H^s$, with $s > \frac{1}{2} + 1$, and can be obtained by proving standard energy estimates. This threshold was improved by additionally proving Strichartz estimates with loss. In this article, we establish the well-posedness result for $s > \frac{1}{2} + 1 - \frac{1}{8}$, corresponding to proving lossless Strichartz estimates. This provides the sha…
It has long been conjectured that for nonlinear wave equations which satisfy a nonlinear form of the null condition, the low regularity well-posedness theory can be significantly improved compared to the sharp results of Smith-Tataru for the generic case. The aim of this article is to prove the first result in this direction, namely for the time-like minimal surface equation in the Minkowski space-time. Further, our improvement is substantial, namely by $3/8$ derivatives in two space dimensions and by $1/4$ derivatives in higher dimensions.
In this paper we consider the Cauchy problem for the nonlinear wave equation (NLW) with quadratic derivative nonlinearities in two space dimensions. Following Grünrock's result in 3D, we take the data in the Fourier-Lebesgue spaces $Ĥ_s^r$, which coincide with the Sobolev spaces of the same regularity for $r=2$, but scale like lower regularity Sobolev spaces for $1<r<2$. We show local well-posedness (LWP) for the range of exponents $s>1+\frac{3}{2r}$, $1<r\leq 2$. On one end this recovers the sharp result on the Sobolev scale, $H^{\frac{7}{4}+}$, while on the other end establishes the $Ĥ_{\fra…
The local well-posedness problem for the Maxwell-Klein-Gordon system in Coulomb gauge as well as Lorenz gauge is treated in two space dimensions for data with minimal regularity assumptions. In the classical case of data in $L^2$-based Sobolev spaces $H^s$ and $H^l$ for the electromagnetic field $ϕ$ and the potential $A$, respectively. The minimal regularity assumptions are $s > \frac{1}{2}$ and $l > \frac{1}{4}$ , which leaves a gap of $\frac{1}{2}$ and $\frac{1}{4}$ to the critical regularity with respect to scaling $s_c = l_c =0$ . This gap can be reduced for data in Fourier-Lebesgue spaces…
