Ruth Charney
Recently, right-angled Artin groups have attracted much attention in geometric group theory. They have a rich structure of subgroups and nice algorithmic properties, and they give rise to cubical complexes with a variety of applications. This survey article is meant to introduce readers to these groups and to give an overview of the relevant literature.
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We study atomic right-angled Artin groups -- those whose defining graph has no cycles of length less than five, and no separating vertices, separating edges, or separating vertex stars. We show that these groups are not quasi-isometrically rigid, but that an intermediate form of rigidity does hold. We deduce from this that two atomic groups are quasi-isometric iff they are isomorphic.
Quasiisometric embeddings between right-angled Artin groups: flexibility
研究右角艺术群在不同循环图上的准等距嵌入条件，发现无子群关系的无限例，揭示其与准等距刚性的矛盾。
Coarse separation and splittings in right-angled Artin groups
本文研究了右角Artin群在abelian子群上的分解条件，证明群分解当且仅当图Γ是完全图或由完全子图分离。
Let $G$ and $G'$ be two right-angled Artin groups (RAAG). We show they are quasi-isometric iff they are isomorphic, under the assumption that $Out(G)$ and $Out(G')$ are finite. If only $Out(G)$ is finite, then $G'$ is quasi-isometric $G$ iff $G'$ is isomorphic to a finite index subgroup of $G$. In this case, we give an algorithm to determine whether $G$ and $G'$ are quasi-isometric by looking at their defining graphs.
We characterize when (and how) a Right-Angled Artin group splits nontrivially over an abelian subgroup.
We compute the BNS-invariant for the pure symmetric automorphism groups of right-angled Artin groups. We use this calculation to show that the pure symmetric automorphism group of a right-angled Artin group is itself not a right-angled Artin group provided that its defining graph contains a separating intersection of links.
We show that the Aut-invariant word norm on right angled Artin and right angled Coxeter groups is unbounded (except in few special cases). To prove unboundedness we exhibit certain characteristic subgroups. This allows us to find unbounded quasimorphisms which are Lipschitz with respect to the Aut-invariant word norm.
We study the algebraic structure of the automorphism group of a general right-angled Artin group. We show that this group is virtually torsion-free and has finite virtual cohomological dimension. This generalizes results proved by the authors and John Crisp (arXiv:math/0610980) for two-dimensional right-angled Artin groups.
There does not exist an algorithm that can determine whether or not a group presented by commutators is a right-angled Artin group.
We show that for each positive integer $k$ there exist right-angled Artin groups containing free-by-cyclic subgroups whose monodromy automorphisms grow as $n^k$. As a consequence we produce examples of right-angled Artin groups containing finitely presented subgroups whose Dehn functions grow as $n^{k+2}$.
Measure equivalence classification of right-angled Artin groups: the finite $\mathrm{Out}$ classes
研究有限外自同构类的右抵消群的度量等价分类问题。
We place conditions on the presentation graph of a right-angled Artin group that guarantee the standard CAT(0) cube complex on which the group acts geometrically has non-path-connected boundary.
We show that a right-angled Artin group, defined by a graph $Γ$ that has at least three vertices, does not split over an infinite cyclic subgroup if and only if $Γ$ is biconnected. Further, we compute JSJ--decompositions of 1--ended right-angled Artin groups over infinite cyclic subgroups.
We prove that every subnormal subgroup of p-power index in a right-angled Artin group is conjugacy p-separable. As an application, we prove that every right-angled Artin group is conjugacy separable in the class of torsion-free nilpotent groups. As another application, we prove that the outer automorphism group of a right-angled Artin group is virtually residually p-finite. We also prove that the Torelli group of a right-angled group is residually torsion-free nilpotent, hence residually p-finite and bi-orderable.
In this article, we prove that embeddings of right-angled Artin group $A_1$ on the complement of a linear forest into another right-angled Artin group $A_2$ can be reduced to full embeddings of the defining graph of $A_1$ into the extension graph of the defining graph of $A_2$.
We show that if a right-angled Artin group $A(Γ)$ has a non-trivial, minimal action on a tree $T$ which is not a line, then $Γ$ contains a separating subgraph $Λ$ such that $A(Λ)$ stabilizes an edge in $T$.
In this paper, we construct embeddings of right-angled Artin groups into higher dimensional Thompson groups. In particular, we embed every right-angled Artin groups into n-dimensional Thompson group, where n is the number of complementary edges in the defining graph.
Morgan and Culler proved that a minimal action of a free group on a tree is determined by its translation length function. We prove an analogue of this theorem for 2-dimensional right-angled Artin groups acting on CAT(0) rectangle complexes.
We explicitly construct an embedding of a right-angled Artin group into a classical pure braid group. Using this we obtain a number of corollaries describing embeddings of arbitrary Artin groups into right-angled Artin groups and linearly independent subgroups of a right-angled Artin group.
We prove by explicit construction that graph braid groups and most surface groups can be embedded in a natural way in right-angled Artin groups, and we point out some consequences of these embedding results. We also show that every right-angled Artin group can be embedded in a pure surface braid group. On the other hand, by generalising to right-angled Artin groups a result of Lyndon for free groups, we show that the Euler characteristic -1 surface group (given by the relation x^2y^2=z^2) never embeds in a right-angled Artin group.
Finitely presented kernels of right-angled Artin groups with abelian quotients
研究具有阿贝尔商的直角阿廷群的核何时有限生成及有限表示，给出明确生成集与表示，还推导出其特征标核的有限表示，推广了相关群的表示。
We introduce a homology theory for subspace arrangements, and use it to extract a new system of numerical invariants from the Bieri-Neumann-Strebel invariant of a group. We use these to characterize when the set of basis conjugating outer automorphisms (a.k.a. the pure symmetric outer automorphism group) of a right-angled Artin group is itself a right-angled Artin group.
Let G be a right-angled Artin group. We use geometric methods to compute a presentation of the subgroup H of Aut(G) consisting of the automorphisms that send each generator to a conjugate of itself. This generalizes a result of McCool on basis-conjugating automorphisms of free groups.
Finite Quotients of Right-angled Artin Groups
本文证明直角Artin群在Artin群类中具有profinite刚性，即若其profinite完备化同构于某Artin群的，则该Artin群必为直角且定义图同构，方法结合pro-p完备化与有限Coxeter商。
We define an operation on finite graphs, called co-contraction. By showing that co-contraction of a graph induces an injective map between right-angled Artin groups, we exhibit a family of graphs, without any induced cycle of length at least 5, such that the right-angled Artin groups on those graphs contain hyperbolic surface groups. This gives the negative answer to a question raised by Gordon, Long and Reid.
Twisted right-angled Artin groups
该研究构建了扭化右角Artin群的完全重写系统，借助其导出的范式展开应用研究，对比了该类群与右角Artin群在几何、代数层面的异同。
We give a combinatorial criterion for determining which Bestvina--Brady group is isomorphic to a right-angled Artin group.
Let $A_L$ be the right-angled Artin group associated to a finite flag complex $L$. We show that the amenable category of $A_L$ equals the virtual cohomological dimension of the right-angled Coxeter group $W_L$. In particular, right-angled Artin groups satisfy a question of Capovilla--Löh--Moraschini proposing an inequality between the amenable category and Farber's topological complexity.
The present article continues the study of median groups initiated in [6, 9, 10]. Some classes of median groups are introduced and investigated with a stress upon the class of the so called A-groups which contains as remarkable subclasses the lattice ordered groups and the right-angled Artin groups. Some general results concerning A-groups are applied to a systematic study of the arboreal structure of right-angled Artin groups. Structure theorems for foldings, directions, quasidirections and centralizers are proved.
We prove that every finitely-generated right-angled Artin group can be embedded into some Brin-Thompson group $nV$. It follows that many other groups can be embedded into some $nV$ (e.g., any finite extension of any of Haglund and Wise's special groups), and that various decision problems involving subgroups of $nV$ are unsolvable.
Twisted right-angled Artin groups embedded in knot groups
本文基于混合图定义扭曲右角阿廷群，在Katayama对可嵌入纽结群的右角阿廷群刻画基础上，完全确定了可嵌入纽结群的扭曲右角阿廷群。
We give an explicit formula for the cohomology of a right angled Artin group with group ring coefficients in terms of the cohomology of its defining flag complex.
Droms Theorems for twisted right-angled Artin groups
本文刻画了有限生成子群仍为扭曲直角Artin群的扭曲直角Artin群，基于定义图分类了该类群的凝聚性，并解决了其一个重要子类的同构问题。
For any right-angled Artin group, we show that its outer automorphism group contains either a finite-index nilpotent subgroup or a nonabelian free subgroup. This is a weak Tits alternative theorem. We find a criterion on the defining graph that determines which case holds. We also consider some examples of solvable subgroups, including one that is not virtually nilpotent and is embedded in a non-obvious way.
Right-angled Artin groups as finite-index subgroups of their outer automorphism groups
本文证明每个直角阿廷群都是另一个直角阿廷群的外自同构群的有限指数子群，并利用纯对称外自同构群给出显式构造。
We describe the (co)homology of a certain family of normal subgroups of right-angled Artin groups that contain the commutator subgroup, as modules over the quotient group. We do so in terms of (skew) commutative algebra of squarefree monomial ideals.
The Tits Conjecture, proved by Crisp and Paris, states that squares of the standard generators of any Artin group generate an obvious right-angled Artin subgroup. We consider a larger set of elements consisting of all the centers of the irreducible spherical special subgroups of the Artin group, and conjecture that sufficiently large powers of those elements generate an obvious right-angled Artin subgroup. This alleged right-angled Artin subgroup is in some sense as large as possible; its nerve is homeomorphic to the nerve of the ambient Artin group. We verify this conjecture for the class of …
Let $Γ$ be a simplicial, finite, connected graph such that $Γ$ does not decompose as a nontrivial join. We prove that two notions of strong quasiconvexity and stability are equivalent in the right-angled Artin group $A_Γ$ (except for the case of finite index subgroups). We also characterize non-trivial strongly quasiconvex subgroups of infinite index in $A_Γ$ (i.e. non-trivial stable subgroups in $A_Γ$) by quadratic lower relative divergence. These results strengthen the work of Koberda-Mangahas-Taylor on characterizing purely loxodromic subgroups of right-angled Artin groups.
Right-angled Artin subgroups of right-angled Coxeter and Artin groups
本文研究了直角Coxeter群和直角Artin群的子群何时为RAAGs，刻画了2维RACGs的有限指数视觉RAAG子群，并应用此结果证明了2维单端RACG拟等距于RAAG的充要条件，同时给出了非平面定义图的新例子及Dyer结果的新证明。
We introduce the class of perturbed right-angled Artin groups. These are constructed by gluing Bieri double groups into standard right-angled Artin groups. As a first application of this construction we obtain families of CAT(0) groups containing finitely presented subgroups which are not of type $\mathrm{FP}_3$, and have exponential, or polynomial Dehn functions of prescribed degree.
Right-angled Artin groups are symmetric diagram groups
本文证明纯虚拟孪生群 $PVT_n$ 可描述为对称图群，并进一步证明每个有限生成的直角Artin群都是对称图群，揭示了其与平面图群的差异。
Given a group $G$ and an automorphism $φ$ of $G$, two elements $x, y \in G$ are said to be $φ$-conjugate if $x = g y φ(g)^{-1}$ for some $g \in G$. The number of equivalence classes is the Reidemeister number $R(φ)$ of $φ$, and if $R(φ) = \infty$ for all automorphisms of $G$, then $G$ is said to have the $R_\infty$-property. A finite simple graph $Γ$ gives rise to the right-angled Artin group $A_Γ$, which has as generators the vertices of $Γ$ and as relations $vw = wv$ if and only if $v$ and $w$ are joined by an edge in $Γ$. We conjecture that all non-abelian right-angled Artin groups have the…
We determine the factorial growth rate of the number of finite index subgroups of right-angled Artin groups as a function of the index. This turns out to depend solely on the independence number of the defining graph. We also make a conjecture for right-angled Coxeter groups and prove that it holds in a limited setting.
A note on right-angled Artin subgroups of one-relator groups
本文通过基本的Bass-Serre理论和一个关系群的经典性质，证明了当右角艺术群嵌入到一个一个关系群中时，Γ是一个有限森林。
In this paper we study the classification of right-angled Artin groups up to commensurability. We characterise the commensurability classes of RAAGs defined by trees of diameter 4. In particular, we prove a conjecture of Behrstock and Neumann that there are infinitely many commensurability classes. Hence, we give first examples of RAAGs that are quasi-isometric but not commensurable.
We give a description of Duchamp and Krob's extension of Magnus' approach to the lower central series of the free group to right-angled Artin groups. We also describe how Lalonde's extension of Lyndon words to the partially-commutative settings gives a simple algorithm to find a basis for consecutive quotients of the lower central series of a RAAG.
We prove the strong Atiyah conjecture for right-angled Artin groups and right-angled Coxeter groups. More generally, we prove it for groups which are certain finite extensions or elementary amenable extensions of such groups.
The $R_\infty$-property for right-angled Artin groups and their nilpotent quotients
本文证明了所有非交换直角Artin群均具有$R_\infty$性质，给出了$R_\infty$-幂零指数的界，并证明了在免置换图情形下该指数等于2。
We generalize the peak-reduction algorithm (Whitehead's theorem) for free groups to a theorem about a general right-angled Artin group A_Gamma. As an application, we find a finite presentation for the automorphism group Aut A_Gamma that generalizes McCool's presentation for the automorphism group of a finite rank free group. We also give consider a stronger generalization of peak-reduction, giving a counterexample and proving a special case.
We show that non-abelian two-generator subgroups of right-angled Artin groups are quasi-isometrically embedded free groups. This provides an alternate proof of a theorem of A. Baudisch: that all two-generator subgroups are free or free abelian. Additionally, it shows that they are quasi-isometrically embedded. Our theorem also gives a method for detecting groups that are not isomorphic to a subgroup of any RAAG. We present some counterexamples in subgroups with more than two generators.
We survey the relationship between the combinatorics and geometry of graphs and the algebraic structure of right-angled Artin groups. We concentrate on the defining graph of the right-angled Artin group and on the extension graph associated to the right-angled Artin group. Additionally, we discuss connections to geometric group theory and complexity theory. The final version of this survey will appear in "In the tradition of Thurston, vol.~II", ed.~K.~Ohshika and A.~Papadopoulos.
In this paper we study topological invariants of a class of random groups. Namely, we study right angled Artin groups associated to random graphs and investigate their Betti numbers, cohomological dimension and topological complexity. The latter is a numerical homotopy invariant reflecting complexity of motion planning algorithms in robotics. We show that the topological complexity of a random right angled Artin group assumes, with probability tending to one, at most three values. We use a result of Cohen and Pruidze which expresses the topological complexity of right angled Artin groups in co…
We survey the role of right-angled Artin groups in the theory of diffeomorphism groups of low dimensional manifolds. We first describe some of the subgroup structure of right-angled Artin groups. We then discuss the interplay between algebraic structure, compactness, and regularity for group actions on one--dimensional manifolds. For compact one--manifolds, every right-angled Artin group acts faithfully by $C^1$ diffeomorphisms, but the right-angled Artin groups which act faithfully by $C^2$ diffeomorphisms are very restricted. For the real line, every right-angled Artin group acts faithfully …
In this paper we propose right-angled Artin groups as a platform for secret sharing schemes based on the efficiency (linear time) of the word problem. Inspired by previous work of Grigoriev-Shpilrain in the context of graphs, we define two new problems: Subgroup Isomorphism Problem and Group Homomorphism Problem. Based on them, we also propose two new authentication schemes. For right-angled Artin groups, the Group Homomorphism and Graph Homomorphism problems are equivalent, and the later is known to be NP-complete. In the case of the Subgroup Isomorphism problem, we bring some results due to …
We prove that finite index subgroups of right angled Artin groups are conjugacy separable. We then apply this result to establish various properties of other classes of groups. In particular, we show that any word hyperbolic Coxeter group contains a conjugacy separable subgroup of finite index and has a residually finite outer automorphism group. Another consequence of the main result is that Bestvina-Brady groups are conjugacy separable and have solvable conjugacy problem.
We use polyhedral product models to analyse the structure of the commutator subgroup of a right-angled Artin group. In particular, we provide a minimal set of generators for the commutator subgroup, consisting of special iterated commutators of canonical generators.
We develop an analogy between right-angled Artin groups and mapping class groups through the geometry of their actions on the extension graph and the curve graph respectively. The central result in this paper is the fact that each right-angled Artin group acts acylindrically on its extension graph. From this result we are able to develop a Nielsen--Thurston classification for elements in the right-angled Artin group. Our analogy spans both the algebra regarding subgroups of right-angled Artin groups and mapping class groups, as well as the geometry of the extension graph and the curve graph. O…
Let F be a finite field. We prove that the cohomology algebra with coefficients in F of a right-angled Artin group is a strongly Koszul algebra for every finite graph $Γ$. Moreover, the same algebra is a universally Koszul algebra if, and only if, the graph $Γ$ associated to the right-angled Artin group has the diagonal property. From this we obtain several new examples of pro-p groups, for a prime number p, whose continuous cochain cohomology algebra with coefficients in the field of p elements is strongly and universally (or strongly and non-universally) Koszul. This provides new support to …
We compute the $p$-central and exponent-$p$ series of all right angled Artin groups, and compute the dimensions of their subquotients. We also describe their associated Lie algebras, and relate them to the cohomology ring of the group as well as to a partially commuting polynomial ring and power series ring. We finally show how the growth series of these various objects are related to each other.
In this note we give the quasi-isometry classification for a class of right angled Artin groups. In particular, we obtain the first such classification for a class of Artin groups with dimension larger than 2; our families exist in every dimension.
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