H. M. Bui, J. P. Keating
We establish an asymptotic formula for the number of k-difference twin primes associated with the Hawkins random sieve, which is a probabilistic model of the Eratosthenes sieve. The formula for k=1 was obtained by Wunderlich [Acta Arith. 26 (1974), 59--81]. We here extend this to k \geq 2 and generalize it to all l-tuples of Hawkins primes.
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We give a more comrehensive treatment of Chen's double sieve and improve related constants in Goldbach's conjecture and the twin prime problem.
This is an extension and background to a talk I gave on 9 October 2013 to the Brown Graduate Student Seminar, called `A friendly intro to sieves with a look towards recent progress on the twin primes conjecture.' During the talk, I mention several sieves, some with a lot of detail and some with very little detail. I also discuss several results and built upon many sources. I'll provide missing details and/or sources for additional reading here.
For every even integer N, denote by D_{1,2}(N) the number of representations of N as a sum of a prime and an integer having at most two prime factors. In this paper, we give a new lower bound for D_{1,2}(N).
Sieves are constructed for twin primes in class I, which are of the form 2m+/-D, D>=3 odd. They are characterized by their twin-D-I rank m. They have no parity problem. Non-rank numbers are identified and counted using odd primes p>=5. Twin-D-I ranks and non-ranks make up the set of positive integers. Regularities of non-ranks allow obtaining the number of twin-D-I ranks. It involves considerable cancellations so that the asymptotic form of its main term collapses to the expected form, but its coefficient depends on D.
We present an algorithm analogous to the sieve of Eratosthenes that produces the list of twin primes. Next, we count the number of twin primes resulting from the construction with two different heuristic arguments. The first method is essentially the same as the one in Hardy and Wright. However, the second method is novel. It results in the same asymptotic formula but it uses a simpler correction factor than theirs. Though we have no theory for the accuracy of our estimates, we compute them both without and with the correction factor and they turn out to be close to the actual counts up to 800…
A Positive Lower Bound for the Sum of Log-Reciprocal Twin Prime Products via Weighted Sieve
本文通过改进加权筛法，证明了孪生素数乘积对数倒数之和的正下界，从而推导出孪生素数对的无限性。
A modification of the linear sieve, and the count of twin primes
本文提出一种满足强分解性质的线性筛法修改，将素数分布水平提升至 $x^{10/17}$，超越以往工作，并据此获得孪生素数计数新上界，实现自1986年以来最大改进。
A sieve is constructed for twin primes at distance 4, which are of the form 3(2m+1)+/-2, and are characterized by their twin-4 rank 2m+1. It has no parity problem. Non-ranks are identified as all other odd numbers and counted using odd primes p>=5. Twin-4 ranks and non-ranks make up the set of odd numbers. Regularities of non-ranks allow gathering information on them to obtain a Legendre-type sum for the number of twin-4 ranks. Due to considerable cancellations in it, the asymptotic law of its main term has the expected form and magnitude of its coefficient.
We suggest other models of sieve generated sequences like the Sieve of Eratosthenes to explain randomness properties of the prime numbers, like the twin prime conjecture, the lim sup conjecture, the Riemann conjecture, and the prime number theorem.
On Chen's theorem, Goldbach's conjecture and almost prime twins II
本文证明了关于Goldbach猜想和孪生素数问题的筛法结果，将素数表示的下界渐近常数提升至1.9728，接近Hardy-Littlewood猜想的渐近常数2，结合了加权筛法、Chen转换原理等多种筛法技术。
We consider the exceptional set in the binary Goldbach problem for sums of two almost twin primes. Our main result is a power-saving bound for the exceptional set in the problem of representing $m=p_1+p_2$ where $p_1+2$ has at most $2$ prime divisors and $p_2+2$ has at most $3$ prime divisors. There are three main ingredients in the proof: a new transference principle like approach for sieves, a combination of the level of distribution estimates of Bombieri--Friedlander--Iwaniec and Maynard with ideas of Drappeau to produce power savings, and a generalisation of the circle method arguments of …
Selberg identified the "parity" barrior, that sieves alone cannot distinguish between integers having an even or odd number of factors. We give here a short and self-contained demonstration of parity breaking using bilinear forms, modeled on the Twin Primes Conjecture.
A few years ago we identified a recursion that works directly with the gaps among the generators in each stage of Eratosthenes sieve. This recursion provides explicit enumerations of sequences of gaps among the generators, which sequences are known as constellations. By studying this recursion on the cycles of gaps across stages of Eratosthenes sieve, we are able to provide evidence on a number of open problems regarding gaps between prime numbers. The basic counts of short constellations in the cycles of gaps provide evidence toward the twin prime conjecture and toward resolving a series of q…
We improve Bombieri's asymptotic sieve to localise the variables. As a consequence, we prove, under a Elliott-Halberstam conjecture, that there exists an infinity of twins almost prime. Those are prime numbers $p$ such that for all $\varepsilon>0$, $p-2$ is either a prime number or can be written as $p_1 p_2$ where $p_1$ and $p_2$ are prime and $p_1<X^{\varepsilon}$, and we give the explicit asymptotic.
We generalise the square sieve developed by Heath-Brown to higher powers in order to improve on the error term for the problem of counting consecutive power-free numbers.
A dynamic sieve method is designed according to the basic sieve method. It mainly refers to the symbolic dynamics theory. By this method, we could connect the prime system with familiar 'Logistic Mapping'. An interesting discovery is that the pattern of primes could be depicted by a series of orbits of this mapping. Some heuristic proofs for open problems like twin primes are obtained through this relation. This research gives a new viewpoint for the distribution of prime numbers.
On smooth gaps between primes using the Maynard-Tao sieve
本文利用 Zhang、Maynard 和 Polymath8b 在孪生素数猜想上的进展及 Maynard-Tao 筛法，将素数间光滑间隙的界限降低至 47，并证明存在无穷多个间隙均为 $y_m$-光滑的 $m$-元组素数。
The Selberg sieve provides majorants for certain arithmetic sequences, such as the primes and the twin primes. We prove an L^2-L^p restriction theorem for majorants of this type. An immediate application is to the estimation of exponential sums over prime k-tuples. Let a_1,...,a_k and b_1,...,b_k be positive integers. For t on the unit circle write h(t) := \sum_{n \in X} e(nt)$, where X is the set of all n <= N such that the numbers a_1n + b_1,..., a_kn + b_k are all prime. We obtain upper bounds for the L^p norm of h, p > 2, which are (conditionally on the prime tuple conjecture) of the corre…
We develop novel techniques using abstract operator theory to obtain asymptotic formulae for lattice counting problems on infinite-volume hyperbolic manifolds, with error terms which are uniform as the lattice moves through "congruence" subgroups. We give the following application to the theory of affine linear sieves. In the spirit of Fermat, consider the problem of primes in the sum of two squares, f(c,d)=c^2+d^2, but restrict (c,d) to the orbit O = (0,1).Gamma, where Gamma is an infinite-index non-elementary finitely-generated subgroup of SL(2,Z). Assume that the Reimann surface Gamma\H^2 h…
An intermediate conjecture between Goldbach and Dubner: every even number is the sum of a prime and a twin prime
该研究提出介于哥德巴赫与杜布纳猜想间的中间猜想，用罗曼诺夫方法结合塞尔伯格筛法给出条件性结果，验证了10^14以内偶数均满足该猜想。
Small gaps between almost-twin primes
本文利用 Maynard-Tao 筛法、Baker-Irving 素数指示函数下界及 Tao 的估计方法，改进了几乎孪生素数间隙的上界与素因子数限制。
Structural Existence of Prime Constellations: Asymptotic Spectral Stability in Finite Sieve Windows
通过确定性信号处理证明素数排列的存在性，揭示有限谱带宽下素数排列的必然性。
Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over $\Q$ without complex multiplication, and which is not isogenous to a curve with non-trivial rational torsion. For each prime $p$ of good reduction, let $|E(\F_p)|$ be the order of the group of points of the reduced curve over $\F_p$. We prove in this paper that, under the GRH, there are at least $2.778 C_E^{\rm twin} x / (\log{x})^2$ primes $p$ such that $|E(\F_p)|$ has at most 8 prime factors, counted with multiplicity. This improves previous results of Steuding & Weng and Murty & Miri. This is also the first result where the dependence on the conjectural con…
On the exponents of distribution of primes and smooth numbers
利用三重可分解权重，本文证明了素数与光滑数在算术级数中的均等分布，消除了对Selberg特征值猜想的依赖，并改进了孪生素数与连续光滑数计数的上界。
A note on $θ_2$
本文针对素数模数用光滑权无条件重证 Selberg 的除数函数分布水平 $\theta_2=2/3$，并提出借助次凸性提升至 $4/5$ 的假设，以期改进孪生素数逼近和素数间隔下界。
Explicit inequalities for the nth lucky number
本文基于幸运数分布特性，推导出第n个幸运数的显式上下界，类比素数定理揭示其渐进行为。
In the present work we prove a number of surprising results about gaps between consecutive primes and arithmetic progressions in the sequence of generalized twin primes which could not have been proven without the recent fantastic achievement of Yitang Zhang about the existence of bounded gaps between consecutive primes. Most of these results would have belonged to the category of science fiction a decade ago. However, the presented results are far from being immediate consequences of Zhang's famous theorem: they require various new ideas, other important properties of the applied sieve functi…
Almost Prime Orders of Elliptic Curves Over Prime Power Fields
本文研究素数 p 使得 |E(F_{p^l})| / |E(F_p)| 具有有界素因子的无穷性，对 CM 曲线无条件应用大筛法，对非 CM 曲线在 GRH 下应用 Chebotarev 密度定理，并利用向量筛法给出相关殆素数个数的下界。
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