We consider families of quasiplatonic Riemann surfaces characterised by the fact that -- as in the case of Fermat curves of exponent $n$ -- their underlying regular (Walsh) hypermap is the complete bipartite graph $ K_{n,n} $, where $ n $ is an odd prime power. We will show that all these surfaces, regarded as algebraic curves, are defined over abelian number fields. We will determine the orbits under the action of the absolute Galois group, their minimal fields of definition, and in some easier cases also their defining equations. The paper relies on group-- and graph--theoretic results by G. A. Jones, R. Nedela and M.Škoviera about regular embeddings of the graphs $K_{n,n}$ [JNŠ] and generalises the analogous question for maps treated in [JStW], partly using different methods.
The fundamental group of Fermat and generalized Fermat curves is computed. These curves are Galois ramified covers of the projective line with abelian Galois groups $H$. We provide a unified study of the action of both cover Galois group $H$ and the absolute Galois group $\mathrm{Gal}(\bar{\Q}/\Q)$ on the pro-$\ell$ homology of the curves in study. Also the relation to the pro-$\ell$ Burau representation is investigated.
For an odd prime $p$ satisfying Vandiver's conjecture, we give explicit formulae for the action of the absolute Galois group $G_{\mathbb{Q}(ζ_p)}$ on the homology of the degree $p$ Fermat curve, building on work of Anderson. Further, we study the invariants and the first Galois cohomology group which are associated with obstructions to rational points on the Fermat curve.
In his paper titled "Torsion points on Fermat Jacobians, roots of circular units and relative singular homology", Anderson determines the homology of the degree $n$ Fermat curve as a Galois module for the action of the absolute Galois group $G_{\mathbb{Q}(ζ_n)}$. In particular, when $n$ is an odd prime $p$, he shows that the action of $G_{\mathbb{Q}(ζ_p)}$ on a more powerful relative homology group factors through the Galois group of the splitting field of the polynomial $1-(1-x^p)^p$. If $p$ satisfies Vandiver's conjecture, we prove that the Galois group of this splitting field over $\mathbb{…
We use explicit methods to study the 4-torsion points on the Jacobian variety of the Fermat quartic. With the aid of computer algebra systems, we explicitly give a basis of the group of 4-torsion points. We calculate the Galois action, and show that the image of the mod 4 Galois representation is isomorphic to the dihedral group of order 8. As applications, we calculate the Mordell-Weil group of the Jacobian variety of the Fermat quartic over each subfield of the 8-th cyclotomic field. We determine all of the points on the Fermat quartic defined over quadratic extensions of the 8-th cyclotomic…
We show that the mod p Galois representations attached to a Q-curve E of degree d over an imaginary quadratic number field K are surjective for all p larger than some constant M_{K,d}, if E has potentially multiplicative reduction at any prime not dividing 6. The proof uses Mazur's formal immersion method, a result of Darmon and Merel on non-split modular curves, and an analytic argument showing that Jacobians of certain twisted modular curves admit quotients with Mordell-Weil rank 0. In combination with a previous theorem of the author and Skinner on modularity of Q-curves, the surjectivity r…
We study ``forms of the Fermat equation'' over an arbitrary field $k$, i.e. homogenous equations of degree $m$ in $n$ unknowns that can be transformed into the Fermat equation $X_1^m+...+X_n^m$ by a suitable linear change of variables over an algebraic closure of $k$. Using the method of Galois descent, we classify all such forms. In the case that $k$ is a finite field of characteristic greater than $m$ that contains the $m$-th roots of unity, we compute the Galois representation on $l$-adic cohomology (and so in particular the zeta function) of the hypersurface associated to an arbitrary form…
A criterion for the existence of a birational embedding into a projective plane with non-collinear Galois points for algebraic curves is presented. A new example of a plane curve with non-collinear Galois points as an application is described. Furthermore, a new characterization of the Fermat curve in terms of non-collinear Galois points is presented.
Let $F_n$ denote the Fermat curve given by $x^n+y^n=z^n$ and let $μ_n$ denote the Galois module of $n$th roots of unity. It is known that the integral homology group $H_1(F_n,\Z)$ is a cyclic $\Z[μ_n\times μ_n]$ module. In this paper, we prove this result using modular symbols and the modular description of Fermat curves; moreover we find a basis for the integral homology group $H_1(F_n,\Z)$. We also construct a family of Fermat curves using the Fermat surface and compute its monodromy.
For a plane curve, a point in the projective plane is said to be Galois when the point projection induces a Galois extension of function fields. We give a new characterization of a Fermat curve whose degree minus one is a power of $p$ in characteristic $p>2$, which is sometimes called Hermitian, by the number of Galois points lying on the curve.
Let $C$ be a smooth plane curve. A point $P$ in the projective plane is said to be Galois with respect to $C$ if the function field extension induced from the point projection from $P$ is Galois. We denote by $δ(C)$ (resp. $δ'(C)$) the number of Galois points contained in $C$ (resp. in $\mathbb P^2 \setminus C$). In this article, we determine the numbers $δ(C)$ and $δ'(C)$ in any remaining open cases. Summarizing results obtained by now, we will have a complete classification theorem of smooth plane curves by the number $δ(C)$ or $δ'(C)$. In particular, we give new characterizations of Fermat …
Dessins d'enfants are combinatorial structures on compact Riemann surfaces defined over algebraic number fields, and regular dessins are the most symmetric of them. If G is a finite group, there are only finitely many regular dessins with automorphism group G. It is shown how to enumerate them, how to represent them all as quotients of a single regular dessin U(G), and how certain hypermap operations act on them. For example, if G is a cyclic group of order n then U(G) is a map on the Fermat curve of degree n and genus (n-1)(n-2)/2. On the other hand, if G=A_5 then U(G) has genus 2742188300472…
In the 1930s Chevalley and Weil gave a formula for decomposing the canonical representation on the space of differential forms of the Galois group of a ramified Galois cover of Riemann surfaces. In this article we prove an analogous Chevalley-Weil formula for ramified Galois covers of orbifold curves. We then specialize the formula to the case when the base orbifold curve is the (reduced) modular orbifold. As an application of this latter formula we decompose the canonical representations of modular curves of full, prime level and of Fermat curves of arbitrary exponent.
We consider complex K3 surfaces with a non-symplectic group acting trivially on the algebraic cycles. Vorontsov and Kondo classified those K3 surfaces with transcendental lattice of minimal rank. The purpose of this note is to study the Galois representations associated to these K3 surfaces. The rank of the transcendental lattices is even and varies from 2 to 20, excluding 8 and 14. We show that these K3 surfaces are dominated by Fermat surfaces, and hence they are all of CM type. We will establish the modularity of the Galois representations associated to them. Also we discuss mirror symmetry…
We study the endomorphism ring $End(J(C))$ of the complex jacobian $J(C)$ of a curve $y^p=f(x)$ where $p$ is an odd prime and $f(x)$ is a polynomial with complex coefficiens of degree $n>4$ and without multiple roots. Assume that all the coefficients of $f$ lie in a (sub)field $K$ and the Galois group of $f$ over $K$ is either the full symmetric group $S_n$ or the alternating group $A_n$. Then we prove that $End(J(C))$ is the ring of integers in the in the $p$th cyclotomic field, if $p$ is a Fermat prime (e.g., $p=3,5,17,257$). Similar results for $p=2$ (the case of hyperelliptic curves) were …
