This article explores L_Infinity structures -- also known as 'strongly homotopy Lie algebras' -- on 3-dimensional vector spaces with both Z- and Z_2-gradings. Since the Z-graded L_Infinity algebras are special cases of Z_2-graded algebras in the induced Z_2-grading, there are generally fewer Z-graded L_Infinity structures on a given space. On the other hand, only degree zero automorphisms, rather than just even automorphisms, are used to determine equivalence in a Z-graded space. We therefore find nontrivial examples in which the map from the Z-graded moduli space to the Z_2-graded moduli space is bijective, injective but not surjective, or surjective but not injective. Additionally, we study how the codifferentials in the moduli spaces deform into other nonequivalent codifferentials, which gives each moduli space a sort of topology.
In this paper we give some examples of generalized Massey products, arising from deformations of A-infinity and L-infinity algebras. The generalized Massey products are given by certain graded commutative algebra structures, depending on the deformation problem considered. We show that the formal deformations of infinity algebras give rise to the same algebraic structure as the deformations of Z2-graded Lie algebras. However, the problem of deforming a Lie algebra into an L-infinity algebra, or an associative algebra into an A-infinity algebra gives rise to a new algebra. We also consider defo…
L-Infinity structures have been a subject of recent interest in physics, where they occur in closed string theory and in gauge theory. This paper provides a class of easily constructible examples of $L_n$ and $L_{\infty}$ structures on graded vector spaces with three one-dimensional components. In particular, it demonstrates a way to classify ALL possible $L_n$ and $L_{\infty}$ structures on $V = V_m \oplus V_{m+1} \oplus V_{m+2}$ when each of the three components is one-dimensional. Included are necessary and sufficient conditions under which a space with an $L_3$ structure is a differential …
We construct the deformation functor associated with a pair of morphisms of differential graded Lie algebras, and use it to study infinitesimal deformations of holomorphic maps of compact complex manifolds. In particular, using L-infinity structures, we give an explicit description of the differential graded Lie algebra that controls this problem.
We construct an A_infinity-category D(C|B) from a given A_infinity-category C and its full subcategory B. The construction is similar to a particular case of Drinfeld's quotient of differential graded categories. We use D(C|B) to construct an A_infinity-functor of K-injective resolutions of a complex. The conventional derived category is obtained as the 0-th cohomology of the quotient of differential graded category of complexes over acyclic complexes.
Motivated by recent developments of $\infty$-categorical theories related to differential graded (dg for short) Lie algebras, we develop a general framework for locally finite $\infty$-$\mathfrak{g}$-modules over a dg Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$. We show that the category of such locally finite $\infty$-$\mathfrak{g}$-modules is almost a model category in the sense of Vallette. As a homotopy theoretical generalization of Loday and Pirashvili's Lie algebra objects in the tensor category of linear maps, we further study weak Loday-Pirashvili modules consisting of $\infty$-morphisms from locally f…
This article explores \Z_2-graded L_\infinity algebra structures on a 2|1-dimensional vector space. The reader should note that our convention on the parities is the opposite of the usual one, because we define our structures on the symmetric coalgebra of the parity reversion of a space, so our 2|1-dimensional L_\infinity algebras correspond to the usual 1|2-dimensional algebras. We give a complete classification of all structures with a nonzero degree 1 term. We also classify all degree 2 codifferentials, which is the same as a classification of all 1|2-dimensional Z_2-graded Lie algebras. Fo…
An associative algebra is nothing but an odd quadratic codifferential on the tensor coalgebra of a vector space, and an A-infinity algebra is simply an arbitrary odd codifferential. Hochschild cohomology classifies the deformations of an associative algebra into an A-infinity algebra, and cyclic cohomology in the presence of an invariant inner product classifies the deformations of the associative algebra into an A-infinity algebra preserving the inner product. Similarly, a graded Lie algebra is simply a special case of an odd codifferential on the exterior coalgebra of a vector space, and an …
Let TA denote the space underlying the tensor algebra of a vector space A. In this short note, we show that if A is a differential graded algebra, then TA is a differential Batalin-Vilkovisky algebra. Moreover, if A is an A-infinity algebra, then TA is a commutative BV-infinity algebra.
Given an associative graded algebra equipped with a degree +1 differential we define an A-infinity structure that measures the failure of the differential to be a derivation. This can be seen as a non-commutative analog of generalized BV-algebras. In that spirit we introduce a notion of associative order for the differential and prove that it satisfies properties similar to the commutative case. In particular when it has associative order 2 the new product is a strictly associative product of degree +1 and there is a compatibility between the products, similar to ordinary BV-algebras. We consi…
Let M be a graded Lie algebra, together with graded Lie subalgebras L and A such that as a graded space M is the direct sum of L and A, and A is abelian. Let D be a degree one derivation of M squaring to zero and sending L into itself, then Voronov's construction of higher derived brackets associates to D a L-infinity structure on A[-1]. It is known, and it follows from the results of this paper, that the resulting L-infinity algebra is a weak model for the homotopy fiber of the inclusion of differential graded Lie algebras i : (L,D,[, ]) -> (M,D,[, ]). We prove this fact using homotopical tra…
In this article we study extensions of Z_2-graded L_infinity algebras on a vector space of two even and one odd dimension. In particular, we determine all extensions of a super Lie algebra as an L_infinity algebra. Our convention on the parities is the opposite of the usual one, because we define our structures on the symmetric coalgebra of the parity reversion of a space.
We extend the Bousfield-Kan spectral sequence for the computation of the homotopy groups of the space of minimal A-infinity algebra structures on a graded projective module. We use the new part to define obstructions to the extension of truncated minimal A-infinity algebra structures. We also consider the Bousfield-Kan spectral sequence for the moduli space of A-infinity algebras. We compute up to the second page, terms and differentials, of these spectral sequences in terms of Hochschild cohomology.
We classify strongly homotopy Lie algebras - also called L-infinity algebras - of one even and two odd dimensions, which are related to $2|1$-dimensional $Z_2$-graded Lie algebras. What makes this case interesting is that there are many nonequivalent L-infinity examples, in addition to the $Z_2$-graded Lie algebra (or superalgebra) structures, yet the moduli space is simple enough that we can give a complete classification up to equivalence.
This is the second in a series of papers laying the foundations for a differential graded approach to derived differential geometry (and other geometries in characteristic zero). In this paper, we extend the classical notion of a dg-algebra to define, in particular, the notion of a differential graded algebra in the world of C-infinity rings. The opposite of the category of differential graded C-infinity algebras contains the category of differential graded manifolds as a full subcategory. More generally, this notion of differential graded algebra makes sense for algebras over any (super) Ferm…
We show that the mapping cone of a morphism of differential graded Lie algebras $χ\colon L\to M$ can be canonically endowed with an $L_\infty$-algebra structure which at the same time lifts the Lie algebra structure on $L$ and the usual differential on the mapping cone. Moreover, this structure is unique up to isomorphisms of $L_\infty$-algebras. The associated deformation functor coincides with the one introduced by the second author in arXiv:math.AG/0507287.
To a homotopy algebra one may associate its deformation complex, which is naturally a differential graded Lie algebra. We show that infinity quasi-isomorphic homotopy algebras have L-infinity quasi-isomorphic deformation complexes by an explicit construction.
An A-infinity algebra is given by a codifferential on the tensor coalgebra of a (graded) vector space. An associative algebra is a special case of an A-infinity algebra, determined by a quadratic codifferential. The notions of Hochschild and cyclic cohomology generalize from associative to A-infinity algebras, and classify the infinitesimal deformations of the algebra, and those deformations preserving an invariant inner product, respectively. Similarly, an L-infinity algebra is given by a codifferential on the exterior coalgebra of a vector space, with Lie algebras being special cases given b…
We consider versal deformations of 0|3-dimensional L-infinity algebras, which correspond precisely to ordinary (non-graded) three dimensional Lie algebras. The classification of such algebras over C is well known, although we shall give a derivation of this classification using an approach of treating them as L-infinity algebras. Because the symmetric algebra of a three dimensional odd vector space contains terms only of exterior degree less than or equal to three, the construction of versal deformations can be carried out completely. We give a characterization of the moduli space of Lie algeb…
Kontsevich's formality theorem states that the differential graded Lie algebra of multidifferential operators on a manifold M is L-infinity-quasi-isomorphic to its cohomology. The construction of the L-infinity map is given in terms of integrals of differential forms on configuration spaces of points in the upper half-plane. Here we consider configuration spaces of points in the disk and work equivariantly with respect to the rotation group. This leads to considering the differential graded Lie algebra of multivector fields endowed with a divergence operator. In the case of R^d with standard v…
Using the BV-formalism of mathematical physics an explicit construction for the minimal model of a quantum L-infinity-algebra is given as a formal super integral. The approach taken herein to these formal integrals is axiomatic; they can be approached using perturbation theory to obtain combinatorial formulae as shown in the appendix. Additionally, there exists a canonical differential graded Lie algebra morphism mapping formal functions on homology to formal functions on the whole space. An L-infinity-algebra morphism inverse to this differential graded Lie algebra morphism on the level of ho…
We argue that some classical local geometries are of infinity origin, i.e. their smooth formal germs are (homotopy) representations of cofibrant (di)operads in spaces concentrated in degree zero. In particular, they admit natural infinity generalizations when one considers homotopy representations of that (di)operads in generic differential graded spaces. Poisson geometry provides us with a simplest manifestation of this phenomenon.
We set up a formalism of Maurer-Cartan moduli sets for L-infinity algebras and associated twistings based on the closed model category structure on formal differential graded algebras (a.k.a. differential graded coalgebras). Among other things this formalism allows us to give a compact and manifestly homotopy invariant treatment of Chevalley-Eilenberg and Harrison cohomology. We apply the developed technology to construct rational homotopy models for function spaces.
We construct an explicit minimal model for an algebra over the cobar-construction of a differential graded operad. The structure maps of this minimal model are expressed in terms of sums over decorated trees. We introduce the appropriate notion of a homotopy equivalence of operadic algebras and show that our minimal model is homotopy equivalent to the original algebra. All this generalizes and gives a conceptual explanation of well-known results for A-infinity algebras. Further, we show that these results carry over to the case of algebras over modular operads; the sums over trees get replaced…
We connect generalizations of Poisson algebras with the classical and associative Yang-Baxter equations. In particular, we prove that solutions of the classical Yang-Baxter equation on a vector space V are equivalent to ``twisted'' Poisson algebra structures on the tensor algebra TV. Here, ``twisted'' refers to working in the category of graded vector spaces equipped with S_n-actions in degree n. We show that the associative Yang-Baxter equation is similarly related to the double Poisson algebras of Van den Bergh. We generalize to L-infinity-algebras and define ``infinity'' versions of Yang-Ba…
Fof a nilpotent differential graded Lie algebra whose components vanish in degrees below -1 we construct an explicit equivalence between the nerve of the Deligne 2-groupoid and the simplicial set of differential forms with values in the Lie algebra introduced by V.Hinich. The construction uses the theory of non-abelian multiplicative integration.
