In this paper we deal with the following problem: Find all Riemannian metrics on a manifold that can be realized isometrically as immersed hypersurfaces in the Euclidean space. We study this problem for a wide class of metrics on hypersurfaces arising from Codazzi tensors.
We prove several Liouville-type non-existence theorems for higher order Codazzi tensors and classical Codazzi tensors on complete and compact Riemannian manifolds, in particular. These results will be obtained by using theorems of the connections between the geometry of a complete smooth manifold and the global behavior of its subharmonic functions. In conclusion, we show applications of this method for global geometry of a complete locally conformally flat Riemannian manifold with constant scalar curvature because its Ricci tensor is a Codazzi tensor and for global geometry of a complete hype…
We prove a lower bound for the first eigenvalue of the Dirac operator on a compact Riemannian spin manifold depending on the scalar curvature as well as a chosen Codazzi tensor. The inequality generalizes the classical estimate from [2].
In this paper, we classify three-dimensional Lorentzian Lie groups on which Ricci tensors associated to Bott connections, canonical connections and Kobayashi-Nomizu connections are Codazzi tensors associated to these connections. We also classify three-dimensional Lorentzian Lie group with the quasi-statistical structure associated to Bott connections, canonical connections and Kobayashi-Nomizu connections.
We discuss a gap in Besse's book, recently pointed out by Merton, which concerns the classification of Riemannian manifolds admitting a Codazzi tensors with exactly two distinct eigenvalues. For such manifolds, we prove a structure theorem, without adding extra hypotheses and then we conclude with some application of this theory to the classification of three-dimensional gradient Ricci solitons.
A decomposition theorem is established for a class of closed Riemannian submanifolds immersed in a space form of constant sectional curvature. In particular, it is shown that if $M$ has nonnegative sectional curvature and admits a Codazzi tensor with "parallel mean curvature", then $M$ is locally isometric to a direct product of irreducible factors determined by the spectrum of that tensor. This decomposition is global when $M$ is simply connected, and generalizes what is known for immersed submanifolds with parallel mean curvature vector.
In this paper we examine the structure of Riemannian manifolds with a special kind of Codazzi tensors. We use them to construct globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifolds with complete Cauchy hypersurfaces for any weakly irreducible holonomy representation with parallel spinors, i.e. with a holonomy group which is a semidirect product between $\R^{n-2}$ and one of $\1, SU(k), Sp(1), G_2$ and $Spin(7)$.
This paper addresses a gap in the classifcation of Codazzi tensors with exactly two eigenfunctions on a Riemannian manifold of dimension three or higher. Derdzinski proved that if the trace of such a tensor is constant and the dimension of one of the the eigenspaces is $n-1$, then the metric is a warped product where the base is an open interval- a conclusion we will show to be true under a milder trace condition. Furthermore, we construct examples of Codazzi tensors having two eigenvalue functions, one of which has eigenspace dimension $n-1$, where the metric is not a warped product with inte…
In this paper, through making careful analysis of Gauss and Codazzi equations, we prove that four dimensional biharmonic hypersurfaces in nonzero space form have constant mean curvature. Our result gives the positive answer to the conjecture proposed by Balmus-Montaldo-Oniciuc in 2008 for four dimensional hypersurfaces.
We extend a classical result by Derdzinski and Shen, on the restrictions imposed on the Riemann tensor by the existence of a nontrivial Codazzi tensor. The new conditions of the theorem include Codazzi tensors (i.e. closed 1-forms) as well as tensors with gauged Codazzi condition (i.e. "recurrent 1-forms"), typical of some well known differential structures.
Let $\nabla $ be a linear connection on an $2n$-dimensional almost anti-Hermitian manifold $M$\ equipped with an almost complex structure $J$, a pseudo-Riemannian metric $g$ and the twin metric $G=g\circ J$. In this paper, we first introduce three types of conjugate connections of linear connections relative to $g$, $G$ and $J$. We obtain a simple relation among curvature tensors of these conjugate connections. To clarify relations of these conjugate connections, we prove a result stating that conjugations along with an identity operation together act as a Klein group. Secondly, we give some r…
Using global considerations, Mess proved that the moduli space of globally hyperbolic flat Lorentzian structures on $S\times\mathbb{R}$ is the tangent bundle of the Teichmüller space of $S$, if $S$ is a closed surface. One of the goals of this paper is to deepen this surprising occurrence and to make explicit the relation between the Mess parameters and the embedding data of any Cauchy surface. This relation is pointed out by using some specific properties of Codazzi tensors on hyperbolic surfaces. As a by-product we get a new Lorentzian proof of Goldman's celebrated result about the coinciden…
In this study, we investigate generalized quasi-Einstein structure for normal metric contact pair manifolds. Firstly, we deal with elementary properties and examine, existence, and characterizations of generalized quasi-Einstein normal metric contact pair manifold. Secondly, the generalized quasi-constant curvature of normal metric contact pair manifolds are studied and it is proven that a normal metric contact pair manifold with generalized quasi-constant curvature is a generalized quasi-Einstein manifold. Normal metric contact pair manifolds satisfying cyclic Ricci tensor and the Codazzi typ…
Derdzinski and Shen's theorem on the restrictions posed by a Codazzi tensor on the Riemann tensor holds more generally when a Riemann-compatible tensor exists. Several properties are shown to remain valid in this broader setting. Riemann compatibility is equivalent to the Bianchi identity of the new "Codazzi deviation tensor" with a geometric significance. Examples are given of manifolds with Riemann-compatible tensors, in particular those generated by geodesic mapping. Compatibility is extended to generalized curvature tensors with an application to Weyl's tensor and general relativity.
Let $\left( M,J,g\right) $ be a metallic pseudo-Riemannian manifold equipped with a metallic structure $J$ and a pseudo-Riemannian metric $g$. The paper deals with interactions of Codazzi couplings formed by conjugate connections and tensor structures. The presence of Tachibana operator and Codazzi couplings presented a new characterization for locally metallic pseudo-Riemannian manifold. Also, a necessary and sufficient condition a non-integrable metallic pseudo-Riemannian manifold is a quasi metallic pseudo Riemannian manifold is derived. Finally, it is introduced metallic-like pseudo-Rieman…
It is well known that an $m$-dimensional Riemannian manifold can be locally isometrically embedded into the $m+1$-dimensional Euclidean space if and only if there exists a symmetric 2-tensor field satisfying the Gauss and Codazzi equations. In this paper, we prove that two known intrinsic conditions, which were obtained previously by Weiss, Thomas and Rivertz, are sufficient to ensure the existence of such symmetric 2-tensor field under certain generic condition when $m=3$. Note that, in the case $m=3$, a symmetric 2-tensor field satisfying the Gauss equation does not satisfy the Codazzi equat…
We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a semi-Riemannian manifold of arbitrary signature to be locally isometrically immersed into certain warped products. Then, we describe a way to use the structure equations of such immersions to construct foliations of marginally trapped surfaces in a four-dimensional Lorentzian spacetimes. We point out that, sometimes, Gauss and Codazzi equations are not sufficient to ensure the existence of a local isometric immersion of a semi-Riemannian manifold as a hypersurface of another manifold. We finally give two low-dimensional examples to illustrate o…
The non-existence of three dimensional real hypersurfaces in non-flat complex space forms with parallel *-Ricci tensor is proved.At the end of the papaer ideas for further research on *-Ricci tensor are provided.
This paper focuses on the study of three dimensional real hypersurfaces in non-flat complex space forms whose $^{*}$-Ricci tensor satisfies conditions of parallelism. More precisely, extension of existing results concerning real hypersurfaces with vanishing, semi-parallel and pseudo-parallel $^{*}$-Ricci tensor in case of ambient space being the complex hyperbolic space are provided. Furthermore, new results concerning $ξ$-parallelism of $^{*}$-Ricci tensor of real hypersurfaces in non-flat complex space forms are presented.
On $Spin^c$ manifolds, we study the Energy-Momentum tensor associated with a spinor field. First, we give a spinorial Gauss type formula for oriented hypersurfaces of a $Spin^c$ manifold. Using the notion of generalized cylinders, we derive the variationnal formula for the Dirac operator under metric deformation and point out that the Energy-Momentum tensor appears naturally as the second fundamental form of an isometric immersion. Finally, we show that generalized $Spin^c$ Killing spinors for Codazzi Energy-Momentum tensor are restrictions of parallel spinors.
We introduce the notion of commuting Ricci tensor for real hypersurfaces in the complex quadric $Q^m = SO_{m+2}/SO_mSO_2$ . It is shown that the commuting Ricci tensor gives that the unit normal vector field $N$ becomes $\frak A$-principal or $\frak A$-isotropic. Then according to each case, we give a complete classification of real hypersurfaces in $Q^m = SO_{m+2}/SO_mSO_2$ with commuting Ricci tensor.
This paper introduces $\anabla$-tensors on lightlike hypersurfaces $M^{n+1}$ of signature $(0,n)$, $(n\geq 1)$ and investigates on their properties in connection with the null geometry of $M$. In particular, we show that there is an interplay between existence of $\anabla$-tensors of certain type and lightlike warped product structures.
In this paper, we give a complete conformal classification of the regular space-like hypersurfaces in the de Sitter Space $\mathbb{S}^{m+1}_{1}$ with parallel para-Blaschke tensors.
In this article we give a classification of three dimensional m-quasi Einstein manifolds with two distinct Ricci-eigen values. Our study provides explicit description of local and complete metrics and potential functions. We also describe the associated warped product Einstein manifolds in detail. For the proof we present a Codazzi tensor on any three dimensional $m$-quasi Einstein manifold and use geometric properties of the tensor which help to analyze the m-quasi Einstein equation effectively. A technical advance over preceding studies is made by resolving the case when the gradient $\nabla…
In this article, we study the biharmonic hypersurfaces in the Sasakian space form with the induced metric of tensor Ricci. We find the existence necessary and sufficient condition of the biharmonic hypersurfaces there. We show that the biharmonic Hopf hypersurfaces are minimal where gradient of the mean curvature is in direction of the structural vector fields. Furthermore, we prove that does not exist any biharmonic Hopf hypersurfaces when the gradient of the mean curvature is a principal direction.
We update and refine the work of T. Hamada concerning *-Einstein hypersurfaces in complex space forms CP^n and CH^n. We also address existence questions using the methods of moving frames and exterior differential systems.
In this paper, we have introduced a new notion of generalized Tanaka-Webster Reeb recurrent Ricci tensor in complex two-plane Grassmannians $G_2({\mathbb C}^{m+2})$. Next, we give a non-existence property for real hypersurfaces $M$ in $G_2({\mathbb C}^{m+2})$ with such a condition.
There are several kinds of classification problems for real hypersurfaces in complex two-plane Grassmannians $G_2({\mathbb C}^{m+2})$. Among them, Suh classified Hopf hypersurfaces $M$ in $G_2({\mathbb C}^{m+2})$ with Reeb parallel Ricci tensor in Levi-Civita connection. In this paper, we introduce a new notion of generalized Tanaka-Webster Reeb parallel Ricci tensor for $M$ in $G_2({\mathbb C}^{m+2})$. By using such parallel conditions, we give complete classifications of Hopf hypersurfaces in $G_2({\mathbb C}^{m+2})$.
In this article, we introduce the notion of star-Ricci tensors in the real hypersurfaces of complex quadric $Q^m$. It is proved that there exist no Hopf hypersurfaces in $Q^m,m\geq3$, with commuting star-Ricci tensor or parallel star-Ricci tensor. As a generalization of star-Einstein metric, star-Ricci solitons on $M$ are considered. In this case we show that $M$ is an open part of a tube around a totally geodesic $\mathbb{C}P^\frac{m}{2}\subset Q^{m},m\geq4$.
The purpose of the present paper to study a second order symmetric parallel tensor in generalized f.pk-space form. Second order symmetric parallel tensor in f.pk-space form is combination of the associated metric tensor and $1$-forms of structure vector fields. We prove that there does not exist second order skew-symmetric parallel tensor in f.pk-space form. We also deduce that there is no parallel hypersurface in a generalized f.pk-space form but there is semi-parallel hypersurfaces in a generalized f.pk-space form.
Using the Blaschke-Berwald metric and the affine shape operator of a hypersurface M in the (n+1)-dimensional real affine space we can define some generalized curvature tensor named the Opozda-Verstraelen affine curvature tensor. In this paper we determine curvature conditions of pseudosymmetry type expressed by this tensor for locally strongly convex hypersurfaces M, n>2, with two distinct affine principal curvatures or with three distinct affine principal curvatures assuming that at least one affine principal curvature has multiplicity 1.
For a complete Riemannian manifold $M$ with an (1,1)-elliptic Codazzi self-adjoint tensor field $A$ on it, we use the divergence type operator ${L_A}(u): = div(A\nabla u)$ and an extension of the Ricci tensor to extend some major comparison theorems in Riemannian geometry. In fact we extend theorems like mean curvature comparison theorem, Bishop-Gromov volume comparison theorem, Cheeger-Gromoll splitting theorem and some of their famous topological consequences. Also we get an upper bound for the end of manifolds by restrictions on the extended Ricci tensor. The results can be applicable for s…
In this paper, we use two conformal non-homogeneous coordinate systems, modeled on the de Sitter space ${\mathbb S}^{m+1}_1$, to cover the conformal space ${\mathbb Q}^{m+1}_1$, so that the conformal geometry of regular space-like hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{Q}^{m+1}_1$ is treated as that of hypersurfaces in ${\mathbb S}^{m+1}_1$. As a result, we give a complete classification of the regular space-like hypersurfaces (represented in the de Sitter space ${\mathbb S}^{m+1}_1$) with parallel Blaschke tensors.
Let $M^n$ be an $n$-dimensional umbilic-free hypersurface in the $(n+1)$-dimensional Lorentzian space form $M^{n+1}_1(c)$. Three basic invariants of $M^n$ under the conformal transformation group of $M^{n+1}_1(c)$ are a $1$-form $C$, called conformal $1$-form, a symmetric $(0,2)$ tensor $B$, called conformal second fundamental form, and a symmetric $(0,2)$ tensor $A$, called Blaschke tensor. The so-called para-Blaschke tensor $D^λ=A+λB$, the linear combination of $A$ and $B$, is still a symmetric $(0,2)$ tensor. A spacelike hypersurface is called a para-Blaschke isoparametric spacelike hypersu…
Each hypersurface of a nearly Kähler manifold is naturally equipped with two tensor fields of $(1,1)$-type, namely the shape operator $A$ and the induced almost contact structure $ϕ$. In this paper, we show that, in the homogeneous NK $\mathbb{S}^6$ a hypersurface satisfies the condition $Aϕ+ϕA=0$ if and only if it is totally geodesic; moreover, similar as for the non-flat complex space forms, the homogeneous nearly Kähler manifold $\mathbb{S}^3\times\mathbb{S}^3$ does not admit a hypersurface that satisfies the condition $Aϕ+ϕA=0$.
In this paper we first introduce the full expression of the curvature tensor of a real hypersurface $M$ in complex hyperbolic two-plane Grassmannians $SU_{2,m}/S(U_2{\cdot}U_m)$, $m{\ge}2$ from the equation of Gauss. Next we derive a new formula for the Ricci tensor of $M$ in $SU_{2,m}/S(U_2{\cdot}U_m)$. Finally we give a complete classification of Hopf hypersurfaces in complex hyperbolic two-plane Grassmannians $SU_{2,m}/S(U_2{\cdot}U_m)$ with commuting Ricci tensor. Each can be described as a tube over a totally geodesic $SU_{2,m-1}/S(U_2{\cdot}U_{m-1})$ in $SU_{2,m}/S(U_2{\cdot}U_m)$ or a h…
In this paper we study real hypersurfaces in the complex quadric space $Q^m$ whose structure Jacobi operator commutes with their structure tensor field. We show that the Reeb curvature $α$ of such hypersurfaces is constant and if $α$ is non-zero then the hypersurface is a tube around a totally geodesic submanifold $\mathbb{C} P^k \subset Q^m$, where $m=2k$. We also consider Reeb flat hypersurfaces, namely, when the Reeb curvature is zero. We show that the tube around $\mathbb{C} P^k \subset Q^m$ ($m=2k$), with radius $\fracπ{4}$ is the only Reeb flat Hopf hypersurface with commuting Ricci tens…
We consider real hypersurfaces $M$ in complex projective space equipped with both the Levi-Civita and generalized Tanaka-Webster connections. For any nonnull constant $k$ and any symmetric tensor field of type (1,1) $L$ on $M$ we can define two tensor fields of type (1,2) on $M$, $L_F^{(k)}$ and $L_T^{(k)}$, related to both connections. We study the behaviour of the structure operator $ϕ$ with respect to such tensor fields in the particular case of $L=A$, the shape operator of $M$, and obtain some new characterizations of ruled real hypersurfaces in complex projective space.
We introduce the notion of biconservative hypersurfaces, that is hypersurfaces with conservative stress-energy tensor with respect to the bienergy. We give the (local) classification of biconservative surfaces in 3-dimensional space forms.
A parametric manifold can be viewed as the manifold of orbits of a (regular) foliation of a manifold by means of a family of curves. If the foliation is hypersurface orthogonal, the parametric manifold is equivalent to the 1-parameter family of hypersurfaces orthogonal to the curves, each of which inherits a metric and connection from the original manifold via orthogonal projections; this is the well-known Gauss-Codazzi formalism. We generalize this formalism to the case where the foliation is not hypersurface orthogonal. Crucial to this generalization is the notion of deficiency, which measur…
The difference tensor C.R - R.C of Einstein manifolds, some quasi-Einstein manifolds and Roter type manifolds, of dimension n > 3, satisfy the following curvature condition: (A) C.R - R.C = Q(S,C) - (k /(n-1)) Q(g,C). We investigate hypersurfaces M in space forms N satisfying (A). The main result states that if the tensor C.R - R.C of a non-quasi-Einstein hypersurface M in N is a linear combination of the tensors Q(g,C) and Q(S,C) then (A) holds on M. In the case when M is a quasi-Einstein hypersurface in N and some additional assumptions are satisfied then (A) also holds on M.
We prove conformal versions of the local decomposition theorems of de Rham and Hiepko of a Riemannian manifold as a Riemannian or a warped product of Riemannian manifolds. Namely, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a Riemannian manifold to be locally conformal to either a Riemannian or a warped product. We also obtain other related de Rham-type decomposition theorems. As an application, we study Riemannian manifolds that admit a Codazzi tensor with two distinct eigenvalues everywhere.
We show that the minimal hypersurface method of Schoen and Yau can be used for the ``quantitative'' study of positive scalar curvature. More precisely, we show that if a manifold admits a metric $g$ with $s_g \ge | T |$ or $s_g \ge | W |$, where $s_g$ is the scalar curvature of of $g$, $T$ any 2-tensor on $M$ and $W$ the Weyl tensor of $g$, then any closed orientable stable minimal (totally geodesic in the second case) hypersurface also admits a metric with the corresponding positivity of scalar curvature. A corollary about the topology of such hypersurfaces is proved in a special situation.
The curvature properties of Robinson-Trautman metric have been investigated. It is shown that Robinson-Trautman metric admits several kinds of pseudosymmetric type structures such as Weyl pseudosymmetric, Ricci pseudosymmetric, pseudosymmetric Weyl conformal curvature tensor etc. Also it is shown that the difference $R\cdot R - Q(S,R)$ is linearly dependent with $Q(g,C)$ but the metric is not Ricci generalized pseudosymmetric. Moreover, it is proved that this metric is Roter type, 2-quasi-Einstein, Ricci tensor is Riemann compatible and its Weyl conformal curvature 2-forms are recurrent. It is…
In this paper, almost product-like Riemannian manifolds are investigated. Basic properties on tangential hypersurfaces of almost product-like Riemannian manifolds are obtained. Some examples of tangential hypersurfaces are presented. Some relations involving the Riemannian curvature tensor of a tangential hypersurface are computed.
A type of almost contact hypersurfaces with Norden metric of a Kaehler manifold with Norden metric is considered. The curvature tensor and the special sectional curvatures are characterized. The canonical connection on such manifolds is studied and the form of the corresponding Kaehler curvature tensor is obtained. Some curvature properties of the manifolds belonging to the widest integrable main class of the considered type of hypersurfaces are given.