The quantum Frobenius map and it splitting are shown to descend to corresponding maps for generalized $q$-Schur algebras at a root of unity. We also define analogs of $q$-Schur algebras for any affine algebra, and prove the corresponding results for them.
We introduce formulae of Frobenius-Schur indicators of simple objects of Tambara-Yamagami categories. By using techniques of the Fourier transform on finite abelian groups, we study some arithmetic properties of indicators.
Mason and Ng have given a generalization to semisimple quasi-Hopf algebras of Linchenko and Montgomery's generalization to semisimple Hopf algebras of the classical Frobenius-Schur theorem for group representations. We give a simplified proof, in particular a somewhat conceptual derivation of the appropriate form of the Frobenius-Schur indicator that indicates if and in which of two possible fashions a given simple module is self-dual.
The classical Frobenius-Schur indicators for finite groups are character sums defined for any representation and any integer m greater or equal to 2. In the familiar case m=2, the Frobenius-Schur indicator partitions the irreducible representations over the complex numbers into real, complex, and quaternionic representations. In recent years, several generalizations of these invariants have been introduced. Bump and Ginzburg, building on earlier work of Mackey, have defined versions of these indicators which are twisted by an automorphism of the group. In another direction, Linchenko and Montg…
Classically, the exponent of a group is the least common multiple of the orders of its elements. This notion was generalized by Etingof and Gelaki to the context of Hopf algebras. Kashina, Sommerhauser and Zhu later observed that there is a strong connection between exponents and Frobenius-Schur indicators. In this paper, we introduce the notion of twisted exponents and show that there is a similar relationship between the twisted exponent and the twisted Frobenius-Schur indicators defined in previous work of the authors. In particular, we exhibit a new formula for the twisted Frobenius-Schur …
Let g be a finite dimensional complex semisimple Lie algebra, and let V be a finite dimensional represenation of g. We give a closed formula for the mth Frobenius-Schur indicator, m>1, of V in representation-theoretic terms. We deduce that the indicators take integer values, and that for a large enough m, the mth indicator of V equals the dimension of the zero weight space of V. For the classical Lie algebras sl(n), so(2n), so(2n+1) and sp(2n), this is the case for m greater or equal to 2n-1, 4n-5, 4n-3 and 2n+1, respectively.
We generalize the Frobenius-Schur theorem to $C^*$-categories. From this category-theoretical point of view, we introduce the notions of real, complex and quaternionic representations of Hopf $C^*$-algebras. Based on these definitions, we give another type of the Hopf-algebraic analogue of the Frobenius-Schur theorem, originally due to Linchenko and Montgomery. Also given are similar results for weak Hopf $C^*$-algebras, table algebras and compact quantum groups.
We give an explicit description, up to gauge equivalence, of group-theoretical quasi-Hopf algebras. We use this description to compute the Frobenius-Schur indicators for group-theoretical fusion categories.
In this paper, we propose a new approach towards the classification of spherical fusion categories by their Frobenius-Schur exponents. We classify spherical fusion categories of Frobenius-Schur exponent 2 up to monoidal equivalence. We also classify modular categories of Frobenius-Schur exponent 2 up to braided monoidal equivalence. It turns out that the Gauss sum is a complete invariant for modular categories of Frobenius-Schur exponent 2. This result can be viewed as a categorical analog of Arf's theorem on the classification of non-degenerate quadratic forms over fields of characteristic 2.
We study Frobenius-Schur indicators of the regular representations of finite-dimensional semisimple Hopf algebras, especially group-theoretical ones. Those of various Hopf algebras are computed explicitly. In view of our computational results, we formulate the theorem of Frobenius for semisimple Hopf algebras and give some partial results on this problem.
The Turaev-Viro state sum invariant can be extended to 3-manifolds with free boundaries. We use this fact to describe generalized Frobenius-Schur indicators as Turaev-Viro invariants of solid tori. This provides a geometric understanding of the $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})$-equivariance of these indicators.
In this paper, we obtain a canonical central element $ν_H$ for each semi-simple quasi-Hopf algebra $H$ over any field $k$ and prove that $ν_H$ is invariant under gauge transformations. We show that if $k$ is algebraically closed of characteristic zero then for any irreducible representation of $H$ which affords the character $χ$, $χ(ν_H)$ takes only the values 0, 1 or -1, moreover if $H$ is a Hopf algebra or a twisted quantum double of a finite group then $χ(ν_H)$ is the corresponding Frobenius-Schur Indicator. We also prove an analog of a Theorem of Larson-Radford for split semi-simple quasi-…
We study the higher Frobenius-Schur indicators of modules over semisimple Hopf algebras, and relate them to other invariants as the exponent, the order, and the index. We prove various divisibility and integrality results for these invariants. In particular, we prove a version of Cauchy's theorem for semisimple Hopf algebras. Furthermore, we give some examples that illustrate the general theory.
Ng and Schauenburg generalized higher Frobenius-Schur indicators to pivotal fusion categories and showed that these indicators may be computed utilizing the modular data of the Drinfel'd center of the given category. We consider two classes of fusion categories generated by a single non-invertible simple object: near groups, those fusion categories with one non-invertible simple object, and Haagerup-Izumi categories, those with one non-invertible simple object for every invertible object. Examples of both types arise as representations of finite or quantum groups or as Jones standard invariant…
We define higher Frobenius-Schur indicators for objects in linear pivotal monoidal categories. We prove that they are category invariants, and take values in the cyclotomic integers. We also define a family of natural endomorphisms of the identity endofunctor on a $k$-linear semisimple rigid monoidal category, which we call the Frobenius-Schur endomorphisms. For a $k$-linear semisimple pivotal monoidal category -- where both notions are defined --, the Frobenius-Schur indicators can be computed as traces of the Frobenius-Schur endomorphisms.
We define total Frobenius-Schur indicator for each object in a spherical fusion category $C$ as a certain canonical sum of its higher indicators. The total indicators are invariants of spherical fusion categories. If $C$ is the representation category of a semisimple quasi-Hopf algebra $H$, we prove that the total indicators are non-negative integers which satisfy a certain divisibility condition. In addition, if $H$ is a Hopf algebra, then all the total indicators are positive. Consequently, the positivity of total indicators is a necessary condition for a quasi-Hopf algebra being gauge equiv…
If G is a finite group and k is a field, there is a natural construction of a Hopf algebra over k associated to G, the Drinfel'd double D(G). We prove that if G is any finite real reflection group with Drinfel'd double D(G) over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic not 2, then every simple D(G)-module has Frobenius-Schur indicator +1. This generalizes the classical results for modules over the group itself. We also prove some new results about Weyl groups. In particular, we prove that any abelian subgroup is inverted by some involution. Also, if E is any elementary abelian 2-subgr…
In this paper we show that for an important class of non-trivial Hopf algebras, the Schur indicator is a computable invariant. The Hopf algebras we consider are all abelian extensions; as a special case, they include the Drinfeld double of a group algebra. In addition to finding a general formula for the indicator, we also study when it is always positive. In particular we prove that the indicator is always positive for the Drinfeld double of the symmetric group, generalizing the classical result for the symmetric group itself.
We consider a subclass of the class of group-theoretical fusion categories: To every finite group $G$ and subgroup $H$ one can associate the category of $G$-graded vector spaces with a two-sided $H$-action compatible with the grading. We derive a formula that computes higher Frobenius-Schur indicators for the objects in such a category using the combinatorics and representation theory of the groups involved in their construction. We calculate some explicit examples for inclusions of symmetric groups.
We calculate Frobenius-Schur indicator values for some fusion categories obtained from inclusions of finite groups $H\subset G$, where more concretely $G$ is symmetric or alternating, and $H$ is a symmetric, alternating or cyclic group. Our work is strongly related to earlier results by Kashina-Mason-Montgomery, Jedwab-Montgomery, and Timmer for bismash product Hopf algebras obtained from exact factorizations of groups. We can generalize some of their results, settle some open questions and offer shorter proofs; this already pertains to the Hopf algebra case, while our results also cover fusio…
We study the higher Frobenius-Schur indicators of the representations of the Drinfel'd double of a finite group G, in particular the question as to when all the indicators are integers. This turns out to be an interesting group-theoretic question. We show that many groups have this property, such as alternating and symmetric groups, PSL_2(q), M_{11}, M_{12} and regular nilpotent groups. However we show there is an irregular nilpotent group of order 5^6 with non-integer indicators.
We show that a left-rigid monoidal C^*-category with irreducible monoidal unit is also a sovereign and spherical category. Defining a Frobenius-Schur type indicator we obtain selection rules for the fusion coefficients of irreducible objects. As a main result we prove S_4-invariance of 6j-symbols in such a category.
We present a new approach to calculating the higher Frobenius-Schur indicators for the simple modules over the Drinfeld double of a finite group. In contrast to the formula by Kashina-Sommerh{ä}user-Zhu that involves a sum over all group elements satisfying a certain condition, our formula operates on the level of conjugacy classes and character tables. It can be implemented in the computer algebra system GAP, efficiently enough to deal, on a laptop, with symmetric groups up to $S_{18}$ (providing further evidence that indicators are non-negative in this case) or simple groups of order up to $…
We give some applications of a Hopf algebra constructed from a group acting on another Hopf algebra A as Hopf automorphisms, namely Molnar's smash coproduct Hopf algebra. We find connections between the exponent and Frobenius-Schur indicators of a smash coproduct and the twisted exponents and twisted Frobenius-Schur indicators of the original Hopf algebra A. We study the category of modules of the smash coproduct.
Group-theoretical fusion categories are defined by data concerning finite groups and their cohomology: A finite group $G$ endowed with a three-cocycle $ω$, and a subgroup $H\subset G$ endowed with a two-cochain whose coboundary is the restriction of $ω$. The objects of the category are $G$-graded vector spaces with suitably twisted $H$-actions; the associativity of tensor products is controlled by $ω$. Simple objects are parametrized in terms of projective representations of finite groups, namely of the stabilizers in $H$ of right $H$-cosets in $G$, with respect to two-cocycles defined by the …
In this paper, we introduce the notion of the pivotal cover $\mathcal{C}^{\mathsf{piv}}$ of a left rigid monoidal category $\mathcal{C}$ to develop a theoretical foundation for the theory of Frobenius-Schur (FS) indicators in "non-pivotal" settings. For an object $\mathbf{V} \in \mathcal{C}^{\mathsf{piv}}$, the $(n, r)$-th FS indicator $ν_{n, r}(\mathbf{V})$ is defined by generalizing that of an object of a pivotal monoidal category. This notion gives a categorical viewpoint to some recent results on generalizations of FS indicators. Based on our framework, we also study the FS indicators of t…
We introduce generalized Frobenius-Schur indicators for pivotal categories. In a spherical fusion category C, an equivariant indicator of an object in C is defined as a functional on the Grothendieck algebra of the quantum double Z(C) via generalized Frobenius-Schur indicators. The set of all equivariant indicators admits a natural action of the modular group. Using the properties of equivariant indicators, we prove a congruence subgroup theorem for modular categories. As a consequence, all modular representations of a modular category have finite images, and they satisfy a conjecture of Eholz…
We prove a super Frobenius formula for the characters of the cyclotomic Hecke algebras by applying the super Schur-Weyl reciprocity between the quantum superalgebras and cyclotomic Hecke algebras, which is a super analogue of the Frobenius formula in (T. Shoji, J. Algebra 226: 2000, 818--856) and a cyclotomic analogue of the super Frobeinus formula in (H. Mitsuhashi, Linear Multilinear Algebra 58: 2010, 941--955).
We formulate a $q$-Schur algebra associated to an arbitrary $W$-invariant finite set $X_{\texttt f}$ of integral weights for a complex simple Lie algebra with Weyl group $W$. We establish a $q$-Schur duality between the $q$-Schur algebra and Hecke algebra associated to $W$. We then realize geometrically the $q$-Schur algebra and duality, and construct a canonical basis for the $q$-Schur algebra with positivity. With suitable choices of $X_{\texttt f}$ in classical types, we recover the $q$-Schur algebras in the literature. Our $q$-Schur algebras are closely related to the category $\mathcal O$…
In \cite{DFW} and \cite{Fu07}, little $q$-Schur algebras were introduced as homomorphic images of the infinitesimal quantum groups. In this paper, we will investigate representations of these algebras. We will classify simple modules for little $q$-Schur algebras and classify semisimple little $q$-Schur algebras. Moreover, through the classification of the blocks of little $q$-Schur algebras for $n=2$, we will determine little $q$-Schur algebras of finite representation type in the odd roots of unity case.
We obtain a presentation of Schur algebras (and q-Schur algebras) by generators and relations which is compatible with the usual presentation of the enveloping algebra (quantized enveloping algebra) corresponding to the Lie algebra gl(n) of n x n matrices. We also find several new bases of Schur algebras and their corresponding integral forms.
We define a generic multiplication in quantised Schur algebras and thus obtain a new algebra structure in the Schur algebras. We prove that via a modified version of the map from quantum groups to quantised Schur algebras, defined by A. A. Beilinson, G. Lusztig and R. MacPherson, a subalgebra of this new algebra is a quotient of the monoid algebra in Hall algebras studied by M. Reineke. We also prove that the subalgebra of the new algebra gives a geometric realisation of a positive part of 0-Schur algebras. Consequently, we obtain a multiplicative basis for the positive part of 0-Schur algebra…
We study the representations and their Frobenius-Schur indicators of two semisimple Hopf algebras related to the symmetric group $S_n$, namely the bismash products $H_n = k^{C_n}# kS_{n-1}$ and its dual $J_n = k^{S_{n-1}}# kC_n = (H_n)^*,$ where $k$ is an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. Both algebras are constructed using the standard representation of $S_n$ as a factorizable group, that is $S_n = S_{n-1}C_n = C_nS_{n-1}$. We prove that for $H_n$, the indicators of all simple modules are +1. For the dual Hopf algebra $J_n = k^{S_{n_1}}# kC_n$, the indicator can have values eith…
In this paper, we introduce Frobenius von Neumann algebras and study quantum convolution inequalities. In this framework, we unify quantum Young's inequality on quantum symmetries such as subfactors, and fusion bi-algebras studied in quantum Fourier analysis. Moreover, we prove quantum entropic convolution inequalities and characterize the extremizers in the subfactor case. We also prove quantum smooth entropic convolution inequalities. We obtain the positivity of comultiplications of subfactor planar algebras, which is stronger than the quantum Schur product theorem. All these inequalities pr…
We give a presentation of cyclotomic q-Schur algebras by generators and defining relations. As an application, we give an algorithm for computing decomposition numbers of cyclotomic q-Schur algebras.
We obtain two formulae for the higher Frobenius-Schur indicators: one for a spherical fusion category in terms of the twist of its center and the other one for a modular tensor category in terms of its twist. The first one is a categorical generalization of an analogous result by Kashina, Sommerhauser, and Zhu for Hopf algebras, and the second one extends Bantay's 2nd indicator formula for a conformal field theory to higher degree. These formulae imply the sequence of higher indicators of an object in these categories is periodic. We define the notion of Frobenius-Schur (FS-)exponent of a pivo…
We define the induction and restriction functors for cyclotomic q-Schur algebras, and study some properties of them. As an application, we categorify a higher level Fock space by using the module categories of cyclotomic q-Schur algebras.
Motivated by Brundan-Kleshchev's work on higher Schur-Weyl duality, we establish mixed Schur-Weyl duality between general linear Lie algebras and cyclotomic walled Brauer algebras in an arbitrary level. Using weakly cellular bases of cyclotomic walled Brauer algebras, we classify highest weight vectors of certain mixed tensor modules of general linear Lie algebras. This leads to an efficient way to compute decomposition matrices of cyclotomic walled Brauer algebras arising from mixed Schur-Weyl duality, which generalizes early results on level two walled Brauer algebras.
The affine quantum Schur algebra is a certain important infinite dimensional algebra whose representation theory is closely related to that of quantum affine $\frak{gl}_n$. Finite dimensional irreducible modules for the affine quantum Schur algebra ${\mathcal S}_{\vartriangle}(n,r)_{v}$ were classified in \cite{DDF}, where $v\in{\mathbb C}^*$ is not a root of unity. We will classify blocks of the affine quantum Schur algebra ${\mathcal S}_{\vartriangle}(n,r)_{v}$ in this paper.
When the parameter $q\in\mathbb C^*$ is not a root of unity, simple modules of affine $q$-Schur algebras have been classified in terms of Frenkel--Mukhin's dominant Drinfeld polynomials (\cite[4.6.8]{DDF}). We compute these Drinfeld polynomials associated with the simple modules of an affine $q$-Schur algebra which come from the simple modules of the corresponding $q$-Schur algebra via the evaluation maps.
Motivated by work of R.M. Green, we obtain a presentation of Schur algebras (both the classical and quantized versions) in terms of generators and relations. The presentation is compatible with the usual presentation of the (quantized or classical) enveloping algebra of gl(n). As a result, we obtain a new ``integral'' basis for Schur algebras which is a subset of Kostant's basis of the integral form of the enveloping algebra (or its q-analogue). Projection onto an appropriate component gives a new "integral" basis and a presentation for the Hecke algebra, compatible with the basis and presenta…
We prove that certain parabolic Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials calculate the graded decomposition matrices of v-Schur algebras given by the Jantzen filtration of Weyl modules, confirming a conjecture of Leclerc and Thibon.
We obtain a presentation of certain affine q-Schur algebras in terms of generators and relations. The presentation is obtained by adding more relations to the usual presentation of the quantized enveloping algebra of type affine gl_n. Our results extend and rely on the corresponding result for the q-Schur algebra of the symmetric group, which were proved by the first author and Giaquinto.
Generalizing recent work of Brundan and Kleshchev, we introduce grading on Dipper-James' $q$-Schur algebra, and prove a graded analogue of the Leclerc and Thibon's conjecture on the decomposition numbers of the $q$-Schur algebra when $q^2\neq1$ and $q^3\neq1$.
We obtain a presentation of quantum Schur algebras (over the field Q(v)) by generators and relations. This presentation is compatible with the usual presentation of the quantized universal enveloping algebra of the Lie algebra gl(2). We also locate the ``integral'' form of the quantum Schur algebra within the presented algebra and show it has a basis which is closely related to Lusztig's basis of the integral form of the quantized enveloping algebra.
In this paper, we introduce the sign q-permutation representation of the Iwahori-Hecke algebra on the tensor space of the graded vector space. We establish Schur-Weyl reciprocity between the quantum general super Lie algebra and the Iwahori-Hecke algebra. Our result includes Schur-Weyl reciprocity of both the super case and the quantum case, and unifies those two important cases.
We will classify finite dimensional irreducible modules for affine quantum Schur algebras at roots of unity and generalize \cite[(6.5f) and (6.5g)]{Gr80} to the affine case in this paper.
We define a generalization of the idempotented Schur algebra which gives a unified setting for a quantum group presentation of the Homfly-Pt polynomial, together with its specializations to the Alexander polynomial and the slm Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants.
We introduce a generalized version of a q-Schur algebra (of parabolic type) for arbitrary Hecke algebras over extended Weyl groups. We describe how the decomposition matrix of a finite group with split BN-pair, with respect to a non-describing prime, can be partially described by the decomposition matrices of suitably chosen q-Schur algebras. We show that the investigated structures occur naturally in finite groups of Lie type.
Let $S$ be the cyclotomic $q$-Schur algebra associated to the Ariki-Koike algebra $H_{n,r}$ of rank $n$, introduced by Dipper-James-Mathas. For each $p = (r_1, ..., r_g)$ such that $r_1 + ... + r_g = r$, we define a subalgebra $S^p$ of $S$ and its quotient algebra $\bar S^p$. It is shown that $S^p$ is a standardly based algebra and $\bar S^p$ is a cellular algebra. By making use of these algebras, we show that certain decomposition numbers for $S$ can be expressed as a product of decomposition numbers for cyclotomic $q$-Schur algebras associated to smaller Ariki_koike algebras $H_{n_k,r_k}$.
We show that the algebras constructed in [Li10] and [Li12] are generalized q-Schur algebras as defined in [D03]. This provides a geometric construction of generalized q-Schur algebras in types A, D and E. We give a parameterization of Nakajima's Lagrangian quiver variety of type D associated to a certain highest weight.
Expanding the classical work of Kazhdan-Lusztig, we construct a bar involution and canonical bases on the $q$-Brauer algebra introduced by Wenzl. We define explicit actions of the $q$-Brauer algebra on the tensor spaces, and formulate $\imath$Schur dualities between the $q$-Brauer algebra and the $\imath$quantum groups of type AI and AII respectively.