Let $A$ be a unital $C^*$-algebra and $α$ be an injective, unital endomorphism of $A$. A covariant representation of $(A,α)$ is a pair $(π,T)$ consisting of a $C^*$-representation $π$ of $A$ on a Hilbert space $H$ and a contraction $T$ in $B(H)$ satisfying $Tπ(α(a))=π(a)T$.
It follows from more general results of ours that such a covariant representation can be extended to a covariant representation $(ρ,V)$ (on a larger space $K$) such that $V$ is a coisometry and it can be dilated to a covariant representation $(σ,U)$ (on a larger space $K_1$) with $U$ unitary.
Our objective here is to give self-contained, elementary proofs of these results which avoid the technology of $C^*$-correspondences. We also discuss the non uniqueness of the extension.
We study completely positive module maps on $C^{*}$-algebras which are $C^*$-module over another $C^*$-algebra with compatible actions. We extend several well known dilation and extension results to this setup, including the Stinespring dilation theorem and Wittstock, Arveson, and Voiculescu extension theorems.
We apply Hilbert module methods to show that normal completely positive maps admit weak tensor dilations. Appealing to a duality between weak tensor dilations and extensions of CP-maps, we get an existence proof for certain extensions. We point out that this duality is part of a far reaching duality between a von Neumann bimodule and its commutant in which also other dualities, known and new, find their natural common place.
This paper examines actions of right LCM semigroups by endomorphisms of C*-algebras that encode an additional structure of the right LCM semigroup. We define contractive covariant representations for these semigroup dynamical systems and prove a generalized Stinespring's dilation theorem showing that these representations can be dilated if and only if the map on the C*-algebra is unital and completely positive. This generalizes earlier results about dilations of right LCM semigroups of contractions. In addition, we also give sufficient conditions under which a contractive covariant representat…
The explicit constructions of minimal isometric, and minimal unitary dilations of an arbitrary linear pencil of operators $T(λ)=T_0+λT_1$ consisting of contractions on a separable Hilbert space for $|λ|=1$, which generalize the classical constructions (the case $T_1=0$), are presented. In contrast to the classical case these dilations are essentially non-unique.
In this paper, we construct, for a certain class of semigroup dynamical systems, two operator algebras that are universal with respect to their corresponding covariance conditions: one being self-adjoint, and another being non-self-adjoint. We prove that the $C^*$-envelope of the non-self-adjoint operator algebra is precisely the self-adjoint one. This result leads to a number of new examples of operator algebras and their $C^*$-envelopes, with many from number fields and commutative rings. We further establish the functoriality of these operator algebras along with their applications.
We consider the GNS Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ of a uniformly hyper-finite $C^*$- algebra and study a class of unbounded Lindbladian arises from commutators. Exploring the local structure of UHF algebra, we have shown that the associated Hudson-Parthasarathy type quantum stochastic differential equation admits a unitary solution. The vacuum expectation of homomorphic co-cycle, implemented by the Hudson-Parthasarathy flow, is conservative and gives the minimal semi-group associated with the formal Lindbladian. We also associate conservative minimal semi-groups to another class of Lindbladian b…
In the present paper we introduce the notion of dilation of a multiparametric linear stationary dynamical system (systems of this type, in particular passive, and conservative scattering ones were first introduced in func-an/9804130). We establish the criterion for existence of a conservative dilation of a multiparametric passive scattering system. This allows to distinguish the class of so-called $N$-passive systems preserving the most important properties of one-parametric passive scattering systems.
Given a contractive tuple of Hilbert space operators satisfying certain $A$-relations we show that there exists a unique minimal dilation to generators of Cuntz-Krieger algebras or its extension by compact operators. This Cuntz-Krieger dilation can be obtained from the classical minimal isometric dilation as a certain maximal $A$-relation piece. We define a maximal piece more generally for a finite set of polynomials in $n$ noncommuting variables. We classify all representations of Cuntz-Krieger algebras ${\mathcal O}_A$ obtained from dilations of commuting tuples satisfying $A$-relations. The…
We prove the existence of Hudson Parthasarathy dilation of a quantum dynamical semigroup on $B(\clh),$ which is symmetric with respect to the canonical normal trace on it.
An integer matrix $A\in M_d(\Z)$ induces a covering $σ_A$ of $\T^d$ and an endomorphism $α_A:f\mapsto f\circ σ_A$ of $C(\T^d)$ for which there is a natural transfer operator $L$. In this paper, we compute the KMS states on the Exel crossed product $C(\T^d)\rtimes_{α_A,L}\N$ and its Toeplitz extension. We find that $C(\T^d)\rtimes_{α_A,L}\N$ has a unique KMS state, which has inverse temperature $β=\log|\det A|$. Its Toeplitz extension, on the other hand, exhibits a phase transition at $β=\log|\det A|$, and for larger $β$ the simplex of KMS$_β$ states is isomorphic to the simplex of probability …
Evans-Hudson flows are constructed for a class of quantum dynamical semigroups with unbounded generator on UHF algebras, which appeared in \cite{Ma}. It is shown that these flows are unital and covariant. Ergodicity of the flows for the semigroups associated with partial states is also discussed.
We continue our study of the general theory of possibly nonselfadjoint algebras of operators on a Hilbert space, and modules over such algebras, developing a little more technology to connect `nonselfadjoint operator algebra' with the C$^*-$algebraic framework. More particularly, we make use of the universal, or maximal, C$^*-$algebra generated by an operator algebra, and C$^*-$dilations. This technology is quite general, however it was developed to solve some problems arising in the theory of Morita equivalence of operator algebras, and as a result most of the applications given here (and in …
We show that the discrete-time evolution of an open quantum system generated by a single quantum channel $T$ can be embedded in the discrete-time evolution of an enlarged closed quantum system, i.e. we construct a unitary dilation of the discrete-time quantum-dynamical semigroup $(T^n)_{n \in \mathbb N_0}$. In the case of a cyclic channel $T$, the auxiliary space may be chosen (partially) finite-dimensional. We further investigate discrete-time quantum control systems generated by finitely many commuting quantum channels and prove a similar unitary dilation result as in the case of a single ch…
We apply Arveson's non-commutative boundary theory to dilate every Toeplitz-Cuntz-Krieger family of a directed graph $G$ to a full Cuntz-Krieger family for $G$. We do this by describing all representations of the Toeplitz algebra $\mathcal{T}(G)$ that have unique extension when restricted to the tensor algebra $\mathcal{T}_+(G)$. This yields an alternative proof to a result of Katsoulis and Kribs that the $C^*$-envelope of $\mathcal T_+(G)$ is the Cuntz-Krieger algebra $\mathcal O(G)$. We then generalize our dilation results further, to the context of colored directed graphs, by investigating …
A numerical index is introduced for semigroups of completely positive maps of $\Cal B(H)$ which generalizes the index of E_0-semigroups. It is shown that the index of a unital completely positive semigroup agrees with the index of its dilation to an E_0-semigroup, provided that the dilation is minimal.
We extend the covariant GNS representation of Niculescu, Ströh and Zsidó for C*-dynamical systems with time-evolution of the system (dynamics) a homomorphism of C*-algebras, to any dynamical systems, where the dynamics is an unital completely positive map. We give also an overview on its application to the reversible dilation theory as formulated by B. Kummerer.
This paper addresses extensions of the complex Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup to operator algebras in free probability theory. If $a_1,...,a_k$ are $\ast$-free $\mathscr{R}$-diagonal operators in a $\mathrm{II}_1$ factor, then $D_t(a_{i_1}... a_{i_n}) = e^{-nt} a_{i_1}... a_{i_n}$ defines a dilation semigroup on the non-self-adjoint operator algebra generated by $a_1,...,a_k$. We show that $D_t$ extends (in two different ways) to a semigroup of completely positive maps on the von Neumann algebra generated by $a_1,...,a_k$. Moreover, we show that $D_t$ satisfies an optimal ultracontractive proper…
We take a new look at dilation theory for nonself-adjoint operator algebras. Among the extremal (co)extensions of a representation, there is a special property of being fully extremal. This allows a refinement of some of the classical notions which are important when one moves away from standard examples. We show that many algebras including graph algebras and tensor algebras of C*-correspondences have the semi-Dirichlet property which collapses these notions and explains why they have a better dilation theory. This leads to variations of the notions of commutant lifting and Ando's theorem. Th…
We establish a dilation-theoretic characterization of the Choquet order on the space of measures on a compact convex set using ideas from the theory of operator algebras. This yields an extension of Cartier's dilation theorem to the non-separable setting, as well as a non-separable version of Šaškin's theorem from approximation theory. We show that a slight variant of this order characterizes the representations of a commutative C*-algebra that have the unique extension property relative to a set of generators. This reduces the commutative case of Arveson's hyperrigidity conjecture to the ques…
We establish a necessary and sufficient condition for a representation of a lattice ordered semigroup to be regular, in the sense that certain extensions are completely positive definite. This result generalizes a theorem due to Brehmer where the lattice ordered group was taken to be $\mathbb{Z}_+^Ω$. As an immediate consequence, we prove that contractive Nica-covariant representations on lattice ordered semigroups are regular, and therefore, its minimal isometric dilation is also Nica-covariant. We also introduce an analog of commuting row contractions on lattice ordered group and show that s…
A real seminormed involutive algebra is a real associative algebra ${\mathcal A}$ endowed with an involutive antiautomorphism $*$ and a submultiplicative seminorm $p$ with $p(a^*) =p(a)$ for $a\in {\mathcal A}$. Then ${\mathop{\tt ball}\nolimits}({\mathcal A},p) := \{a \in {\mathcal A} \colon p(a) < 1\}$ is an involutive subsemigroup. For the case where ${\mathcal A}$ is unital, our main result asserts that a function $ϕ\colon{\mathop{\tt ball}\nolimits}({\mathcal A},p) \to B(V)$, $V$ a Hilbert space, is completely positive (defined suitably) if and only if it is positive definite and analytic…
Semicrossed product algebras have been used to study dynamical systems since their introduction by Arveson in 1967. In this survey article, we discuss the history and some recent work, focussing on the conjugacy problem, dilation theory and C*-envelopes, and some connections back to the dynamics
We develop a completely bounded counterpart to the non-commutative Choquet boundary of an operator space. We show how the class of completely bounded linear maps is too large to accommodate our purposes. To overcome this obstacle, we isolate the subset of completely bounded linear maps on an operator space admitting a dilation of the same norm which is multiplicative on the generated $C^*$-algebra. We view such maps as analogues of the familiar unital completely contractive maps, and we exhibit many of their structural properties. Of particular interest to us are those maps which are extremal …
We examine the semicrossed products of a semigroup action by $*$-endomorphisms on a C*-algebra, or more generally of an action on an arbitrary operator algebra by completely contractive endomorphisms. The choice of allowable representations affects the corresponding universal algebra. We seek quite general conditions which will allow us to show that the C*-envelope of the semicrossed product is (a full corner of) a crossed product of an auxiliary C*-algebra by a group action. Our analysis concerns a case-by-case dilation theory on covariant pairs. In the process we determine the C*-envelope fo…
Practically and intrinsically, inclusions of operator algebras are of fundamental interest. The subject of this paper is intermediate operator algebras of inclusions. There are two previously known theorems which naturally and completely describe all intermediate operator algebras: the Galois Correspondence Theorem and the Tensor Splitting Theorem. Here we establish the third, new complete description theorem which gives a canonical bijective correspondence between intermediate operator algebras and intermediate extensions of dynamical systems. One can also regard this theorem as a crossed pro…
