Pavol Severa
Differential forms on an odd symplectic manifold form a bicomplex: one differential is the wedge product with the symplectic form and the other is de Rham differential. In the corresponding spectral sequence the next differential turns out to be the Batalin-Vilkoviski operator.
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We show, in this note, that on any symplectic supermanifold, even or odd, there exist an infinite dimensional affine space of symmetric connections, compatible to the symplectic form.
Possible irreducible holonomy algebras $\g\subset\sp(2m,\Real)$ of odd Riemannian supermanifolds and irreducible subalgebras $\g\subset\gl(n,\Real)$ with non-trivial first skew-symmetric prolongations are classified. An approach to the classification of some classes of the holonomy algebras of Riemannian supermanifolds is discussed.
We consider odd Poisson (odd symplectic) structure on supermanifolds induced by an odd symmetric rank $2$ (non-degenerate) contravariant tensor field. We describe the difference between odd Riemannian and odd symplectic structure in terms of the Cartan prolongation of the corresponding Lie algebras, and formulate an analogue of the Levi-Civita theorem for an odd symplectic supermanifold.
We present a survey of some results and questions related to the notion of scalar curvature in the setting of symplectic supermanifolds.
A (biased and incomplete) review of the status of the theory of symplectic connections on supermanifolds is presented. Also, some comments regarding Fedosov's technique of quantization are made.
We recall the notion of a differential operator over a smooth map (in linear and non-linear settings) and consider its versions such as formal $\hbar$-differential operators over a map. We study constructions and examples of such operators, which include pullbacks by thick morphisms and quantization of symplectic micromorphisms.
We consider semidensities on a supermanifold E with an odd symplectic structure. We define a new $Δ$-operator action on semidensities as the proper framework for Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism. We establish relations between semidensities on E and differential forms on Lagrangian surfaces. We apply these results to Batalin-Vilkovisky geometry. Another application is to (1.1)-codimensional surfaces in E. We construct a kind of pull-back of semidensities to such surfaces. This operation and the $Δ$-operator are used for obtaining integral invariants for (1.1)-codimensional surfaces.
Symplectic scalar curvature on supermanifolds
本文在 Fedosov 流形上的超流形中研究辛标量曲率，提出两族奇超 Fedosov 结构，并证明分次非对称联络可产生非平凡曲率，以环面为例给出具体计算。
We consider odd Laplace operators arising in odd symplectic geometry. Approach based on semidensities (densities of weight 1/2) is developed. The role of semidensities in the Batalin--Vilkovisky formalism is explained. In particular, we study the relations between semidensities on an odd symplectic supermanifold and differential forms on a purely even Lagrangian submanifold. We establish a criterion of ``normality'' of a volume form on an odd symplectic supermanifold in terms of the canonical odd Laplacian acting on semidensities.
In this dissertation we study Courant algebroids, objects that first appeared in the work of T. Courant on Dirac structures; they were later studied by Liu, Weinstein and Xu who used Courant algebroids to generalize the notion of the Drinfeld double to Lie bialgebroids. As a first step towards understanding the complicated properties of Courant algebroids, we interpret them by associating to each Courant algebroid a strongly homotopy Lie algebra in a natural way. Next, we propose an alternative construction of the double of a Lie bialgebroid as a homological hamiltonian vector field on an even…
The notion of an odd quasi-connection on a supermanifold, which is loosely an affine connection that carries non-zero Grassmann parity, is examined. Their torsion and curvature are defined, however, in general, they are not tensors. A special class of such generalised connections, referred to as odd connections in this paper, have torsion and curvature tensors. Part of the structure is an odd involution of the tangent bundle of the supermanifold and this puts drastic restrictions on the supermanifolds that admit odd connections. In particular, they must have equal number of even and odd dimens…
We consider the volumes of classical supermanifolds such as the supersphere, complex projective superspace, and Stiefel and Grassmann supermanifolds, with respect to the natural metrics or symplectic structures. We show that the formulas for the volumes, upon certain universal normalization, can be obtained by an analytic continuation from the formulas for the volumes of the corresponding ordinary manifolds. Volumes of nontrivial supermanifolds may identically vanish. In 1970s, Berezin discovered that the total Haar measure of the unitary supergroup $\un(n|m)$ vanishes unless $m=0$ or $n=0$, i…
This is the author's Master's thesis written under the supervision of Dr. Gregor Weingart at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. The purpose of this study is to rewrite differential supergeometry in terms of classical differential geometry. This rewriting from "first principles" has two main motivations: 1 avoid using local (and usually not very well-defined) odd coordinates; 2 use both the language and the tools (both highly-developed) of classical differential geometry to state and prove results in supergeometry. Although there is work in this direction this work's point of view mi…
The aim of this paper is to present a short introduction to supergeometry on pure odd supermanifolds. (Pseudo)differential forms, Cartan calculus (DeRham differential, Lie derivative, "inner" product), metric, inner product, Killing's vector fields, Hodge star operator, integral forms, co-differential and connection on odd Riemannian supermanifolds are introduced. The electrodynamics and Einstein relativity with anti-commuting variables only are formulated modifying the geometry beyond classical (even, bosonic) theories appropriately. Extension of these ideas to general supermanifolds is strai…
We extend the notion of a Thomas projective connection (a projective equivalence class of linear connections) for supermanifolds. As a by-product, we arrive at a generalisation of the multidimensional Schwarzian derivative for the super case which was previously unknown. This is combined with our previous construction of a Laplacian on the algebra of densities for a projectively connected manifold and allows us to study Batalin-Vilkovisky type operators and the relation between projective connections and odd Poisson structures.
Let $\mathcal M= (M,\mathcal O_\mathcal M)$ be a smooth supermanifold with connection $\nabla$ and Batchelor model $\mathcal O_\mathcal M\congΓ_{ΛE^\ast}$. From $(\mathcal M,\nabla)$ we construct a connection on the total space of the vector bundle $E\to{M}$. This reduction of $\nabla$ is well-defined independently of the isomorphism $\mathcal O_\mathcal M \cong Γ_{ΛE^\ast}$. It erases information, but however it turns out that the natural identification of supercurves in $\mathcal M$ (as maps from $ \mathbb R^{1|1}$ to $\mathcal M$) with curves in $E$ restricts to a 1 to 1 correspondence on g…
Given an odd vector field $Q$ on a supermanifold $M$ and a $Q$-invariant density $μ$ on $M$, under certain compactness conditions on $Q$, the value of the integral $\int_{M}μ$ is determined by the value of $μ$ on any neighborhood of the vanishing locus $N$ of $Q$. We present a formula for the integral in the case where $N$ is a subsupermanifold which is appropriately non-degenerate with respect to $Q$. In the process, we discuss the linear algebra necessary to express our result in a coordinate independent way. We also extend stationary phase approximation and the Morse-Bott Lemma to supermani…
We define and make an initial study of (even) Riemannian supermanifolds equipped with a homological vector field that is also a Killing vector field. We refer to such supermanifolds as Riemannian Q-manifolds. We show that such Q-manifolds are unimodular, i.e., come equipped with a Q-invariant Berezin volume.
On residue localization for complex supermanifolds
针对费米子和玻色子维数相等的紧复超流形，证明了奇全纯向量场的全纯留数局部化公式，并在约化零点集孤立非退化假设下给出显式局部留数公式。
In this note we show that given an exact QS-manifold (a natural generalisation of an exact Poisson manifold) one can associate a family of odd Jacobi structures on the same underlying supermanifold.
In this paper we define Grassmann odd analogues of Jacobi structures on supermanifolds. We then examine their potential use in the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism of classical gauge theories.
A second order self-adjoint operator $Δ=S\partial^2+U$ is uniquely defined by its principal symbol $S$ and potential $U$ if it acts on half-densities. We analyse the potential $U$ as a compensating field (gauge field) in the sense that it compensates the action of coordinate transformations on the second derivatives in the same way as an affine connection compensates the action of coordinate transformations on first derivatives in the first order operator, a covariant derivative, $\nabla=\partial+Γ$. Usually a potential $U$ is derived from other geometrical constructions such as a volume form,…
It is shown that the characteristic vector field associated to a first order PDE has the same form of an infinitesimal generator of an odd-symplectic transformation with contact Hamiltonian the given PDE. It is considered under which condition such PDE has a characteristic vector field commuting with a generator of an odd-symplectic action.
Supergeneralization of $\DC P(N)$ provided by even and odd Kählerian structures from Hamiltonian reduction are construct.Operator $ Δ$ which used in Batalin-- Vilkovisky quantization formalism and mechanics which are bi-Hamiltonian under corresponding even and odd Poisson brackets are considered.
We prove that every compact complex surface with odd first Betti number admits a locally conformally symplectic $2$-form which tames the underlying almost complex structure.
The divergence-like operator on an odd symplectic superspace which acts invariantly on a specially chosen odd vector field is considered. This operator is used to construct an odd invariant semidensity in a geometrically clear way. The formula for this semidensity is similar to the formula of the mean curvature of hypersurfaces in Euclidean space.
The geometry of supermanifolds provided with $Q$-structure (i.e. with odd vector field $Q$ satisfying $\{ Q,Q\} =0$), $P$-structure (odd symplectic structure ) and $S$-structure (volume element) or with various combinations of these structures is studied. The results are applied to the analysis of Batalin-Vilkovisky approach to the quantization of gauge theories. In particular the semiclassical approximation in this approach is expressed in terms of Reidemeister torsion.
We define \textit{graded manifolds} as a version of supermanifolds endowed with an additional $\mathbb Z$-grading in the structure sheaf, called \textit{weight} (not linked with parity). Examples are ordinary supermanifolds, vector bundles over supermanifolds, double vector bundles, iterated constructions like $TTM$, etc. I give a construction of \textit{doubles} for \textit{graded} $QS$- and \textit{graded $QP$-manifolds} (graded manifolds endowed with a homological vector field and a Schouten/Poisson bracket). Relation is explained with Drinfeld's Lie bialgebras and their doubles. Graded $QS…
We give an exposition of graded and microformal geometry, and the language of $Q$-manifolds. $Q$-manifolds are supermanifolds endowed with an odd vector field of square zero. They can be seen as a non-linear analogue of Lie algebras (in parallel with even and odd Poisson manifolds), a basis of "non-linear homological algebra", and a powerful tool for describing algebraic and geometric structures. This language goes together with that of graded manifolds, which are supermanifolds with an extra $\mathbb{Z}$-grading in the structure sheaf. "Microformal geometry" is a new notion referring to "thic…
The aim of this paper is to formulate a local systolic inequality for odd-symplectic forms (also known as Hamiltonian structures) and to establish it in some basic cases. Let $Ω$ be an odd-symplectic form on an oriented closed manifold $Σ$ of odd dimension. We say that $Ω$ is Zoll if the trajectories of the flow given by $Ω$ are the orbits of a free $S^1$-action. After defining the volume of $Ω$ and the action of its periodic orbits, we prove that the volume and the action satisfy a polynomial equation, provided $Ω$ is Zoll. This builds the equality case of a conjectural systolic inequality fo…
Recently, Tsai-Tseng-Yau constructed new invariants of symplectic manifolds: a sequence of Aoo-algebras built of differential forms on the symplectic manifold. We show that these symplectic Aoo-algebras have a simple topological interpretation. Namely, when the cohomology class of the symplectic form is integral, these Aoo-algebras are equivalent to the standard de Rham differential graded algebra on certain odd-dimensional sphere bundles over the symplectic manifold. From this equivalence, we deduce for a closed symplectic manifold that Tsai-Tseng-Yau's symplectic Aoo-algebras satisfy the Cal…
Let M_0=G_0/H be a (pseudo)-Riemannian homogeneous spin manifold, with reductive decomposition g_0=h+m and let S(M_0) be the spin bundle defined by the spin representation Ad:H->\GL_R(S) of the stabilizer H. This article studies the superizations of M_0, i.e. its extensions to a homogeneous supermanifold M=G/H whose sheaf of superfunctions is isomorphic to Lambda(S^*(M_0)). Here G is the Lie supergroup associated with a certain extension of the Lie algebra of symmetry g_0 to an algebra of supersymmetry g=g_0+g_1=g_0+S via the Kostant-Koszul construction. Each algebra of supersymmetry naturally…
In this paper we define a Grassmann odd analogue of Jacobi structure on a supermanifold. The basic properties are explored. The construction of odd Jacobi manifolds is then used to reexamine the notion of a Jacobi algebroid. It is shown that Jacobi algebroids can be understood in terms of a kind of curved Q-manifold, which we will refer to as a quasi Q-manifold.
In our previous works, we introduced, for each (super)manifold, a commutative algebra of densities. It is endowed with a natural invariant scalar product. In this paper, we study geometry of differential operators of second order on this algebra. In the more conventional language they correspond to certain operator pencils. We consider the self-adjoint operators and analyze the operator pencils that pass through a given operator acting on densities of a particular weight. There are `singular values' for pencil parameters. They are related with interesting geometric picture. In particular, we o…
We recall the main facts about the odd Laplacian acting on half-densities on an odd symplectic manifold and discuss a homological interpretation for it suggested recently by P. {Š}evera. We study the relationship of odd symplectic geometry with classical objects. We show that the Berezinian of a canonical transformation for an odd symplectic form is a polynomial in matrix entries and a complete square. This is a simple but fundamental fact, parallel to Liouville's theorem for an even symplectic structure. We draw attention to the fact that the de Rham complex on $M$ naturally admits an action …
In this paper we construct a non-skewsymmetric version of a Poisson bracket on the algebra of smooth functions on an odd Jacobi supermanifold. We refer to such Poisson-like brackets as Loday-Poisson brackets. We examine the relations between the Hamiltonian vector fields with respect to both the odd Jacobi structure and the Loday-Poisson structure. Furthermore, we show that the Loday-Poisson bracket satisfies the Leibniz rule over the noncommutative product derived from the homological vector field.
We study the cohomology of the complexes of differential, integral and pseudo forms on odd symplectic manifolds taking the wedge product with the symplectic form as differential. We show that the cohomology classes are in correspondence with inequivalent Lagrangian submanifolds and that they all define semidensities on them. Further, we introduce new operators that move from one Lagragian submanifold to another and we investigate their relation with the so-called picture changing operators for the de Rham differential. Finally, we prove the isomorphism between the cohomology of the de Rham dif…
On a Grassmann odd analogue of Carrollian Manifolds
定义Carrollian流形的Grassmann奇类似物为具有退化偶数度规的超流形，其核由非奇异的奇向量场生成，该向量场是超对称生成元，并研究其约化流形和相容仿射连接的存在性。
We study the relation between the Laplacian associated to an odd metric on a supermanifold and harmonic superfunctions, through the application of the calculus of variations to a supersymmetric sigma model.
In the literature, there are two different versions of Hard Lefschetz theorems for a compact Sasakian manifold. The first version, due to Kacimi-Alaoui, asserts that the basic cohomology of a compact Sasakian manifold satisfies the transverse Lefschetz property. The second version, established far more recently by Cappelletti-Montano, De Nicola, and Yudin, holds for the De Rham cohomology of a compact Sasakian manifold. In the current paper, using the formalism of odd dimensional symplectic geometry, we prove a Hard Lefschetz theorem for a compact $K$-contact manifold, which implies immediatel…
We define and parametrise so-called $\mathfrak{sl}(2)$-type fibres of the $\mathsf{Sp}(2n,\mathbb{C})$- and $\mathsf{SO}(2n+1,\mathbb{C})$-Hitchin system. These are (singular) Hitchin fibres, where the spectral curve induces a two-sheeted covering of a second Riemann surface $Y$. This identifies the $\mathfrak{sl}(2)$-type Hitchin fibres with fibres of an $\mathsf{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$- respectively $\mathsf{PSL}(2,\mathbb{C})$-Hitchin map on $Y$. We give a stratification of these singular spaces by semi-abelian spectral data, study their irreducible components and obtain a global description of …
A $2n$-dimensional Poisson manifold $(M ,Π)$ is said to be $b^m$-symplectic if it is symplectic on the complement of a hypersurface $Z$ and has a simple Darboux canonical form at points of $Z$ which we will describe below. In this paper we will discuss a desingularization procedure which, for $m$ even, converts $Π$ into a family of symplectic forms $ω_ε$ having the property that $ω_ε$ is equal to the $b^m$-symplectic form dual to $Π$ outside an $ε$-neighborhood of $Z$ and, in addition, converges to this form as $ε$ tends to zero in a sense that will be made precise in the theorem below. We wil…
We solve the following problem: to describe in geometric terms all differential operators of the second order with a given principal symbol. Initially the operators act on scalar functions. Operator pencils acting on densities of arbitrary weights appear naturally in the course of study. We show that for the algebra of densities it is possible to establish a one-to-one correspondence between operators and brackets generated by them. Everything is applicable to supermanifolds as well as to usual manifolds. In the super case the problem is closely connected with the geometry of the Batalin--Vilk…
The Symplectic-to-Contact Dictionary
本文探讨了辛到接触字典的基本条目，并展示了其在复结构和G结构等领域的应用。
The action of Batalin-Vilkovisky Delta-operator on semidensities in an odd symplectic superspace is defined. This is used for the construction of integral invariants on surfaces embedded in an odd symplectic superspace and for more clear interpretation of the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism geometry.
We review topological properties of Kähler and symplectic manifolds, and of their odd-dimensional counterparts, coKähler and cosymplectic manifolds. We focus on formality, Lefschetz property and parity of Betti numbers, also distinguishing the simply-connected case (in the Kähler/symplectic situation) and the $b_1=1$ case (in the coKähler/cosymplectic situation).
A Q-manifold is a supermanifold equipped with an odd vector field that squares to zero. The notion of the modular class of a Q-manifold -- which is viewed as the obstruction to the existence of a Q-invariant Berezin volume -- is not well know. We review the basic ideas and then apply this technology to various examples, including $L_{\infty}$-algebroids and higher Poisson manifolds.
Let $Σ$ be a connected closed three-manifold, and let $t_Σ$ be the order of the torsion subgroup of $H_1(Σ;\mathbb Z)$. For a contact form $α$ on $Σ$, we denote by $\mathrm{Volume}(α)$ the contact volume of $α$, and by $T_{\min}(α)$ and $T_{\max}(α)$ the minimal period and the maximal period of prime periodic orbits of the Reeb flow of $α$ respectively. We say that $α$ is Zoll if its Reeb flow generates a free $S^1$-action on $Σ$. We prove that every Zoll contact form $α_*$ on $Σ$ admits a $C^3$-neighbourhood $\mathcal U$ in the space of contact forms such that \[ t_ΣT_{\min}(α)^2\leq \mathrm{…
We construct a simply connected compact manifold which has complex and symplectic structures but does not admit Kähler metrics, in the lowest possible dimension where this can happen, that is, dimension 6. Such a manifold is automatically formal and has even odd-degree Betti numbers but it does not satisfy the Lefschetz property for any symplectic form.
We analyze geometry of the second order differential operators, having in mind applications to Batalin--Vilkovisky formalism in quantum field theory. As we show, an exhaustive picture can be obtained by considering pencils of differential operators acting on densities of all weights simultaneously. The algebra of densities, which we introduce here, has a natural invariant scalar product. Using it, we prove that there is a one-to-one correspondence between second-order operators in this algebra and the corresponding brackets. A bracket on densities incorporates a bracket on functions, an ``uppe…
We observe that an anti-symplectic manifold locally always admits a parity structure. The parity structure can be viewed as a complex-like structure on the manifold. This induces an odd metric and its Levi-Civita connection, and thereby a new notion of an odd Kaehler geometry. Oversimplified, just to capture the idea, the bosonic variables are ``holomorphic'', while the fermionic variables are ``anti-holomorphic''. We find that an odd Kaehler manifold in this new ``complex'' sense has a nilpotent odd Laplacian iff it is Ricci-form-flat. The local cohomology of the odd Laplacian is derived. An …
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