On the classification of finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras
N. Andruskiewitsch, H. -J. Schneider
备注：
38 pages. The determination of all isomorphisms between the Hopf algebras presented here is given. The title is changed. Third version: several improvements on the exposition mainly following suggestions of the referee
We classify finite-dimensional complex Hopf algebras $A$ which are pointed, that is, all of whose irreducible comodules are one-dimensional, and whose group of group-like elements $G(A)$ is abelian such that all prime divisors of the order of $G(A)$ are $>7$. Since these Hopf algebras turn out to be deformations of a natural class of generalized small quantum groups, our result can be read as an axiomatic description of generalized small quantum groups.
We study the Calabi-Yau property of pointed Hopf algebra $U(\mc{D},\lmd)$ of finite Cartan type. It turns out that this class of pointed Hopf algebras constructed by N. Andruskiewitsch and H.-J. Schneider contains many Calabi-Yau Hopf algebras. To give concrete examples of new Calabi-Yau Hopf algebras, we classify the Calabi-Yau pointed Hopf algebras $U(\mc{D},\lmd)$ of dimension less than 5.
We present examples of color Hopf algebras, i.e. Hopf algebras in color categories (braided tensor categories with braiding induced by a bicharacter on an abelian group), related with quantum doubles of pointed Hopf algebras. We also discuss semisimple color Hopf algebras.
The quiver Hopf algebras are classified by means of ramification systems with irreducible representations. This leads to the classification of Nichols algebras over group algebras and pointed Hopf algebras of type one.
We classify finite-dimensional Hopf algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero whose Hopf coradcial is isomorphic to the smallest non-pointed basic Hopf algebra, under the assumption that the diagrams are strictly graded. In particular, we obtain some new Nichols algebras of non-diagonal type and new finite-dimensional Hopf algebras without the dual Chevalley property.
Let H be a finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebra of rank one over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. In this paper we describe all annihilator ideals of indecomposable H-modules by generators. In particular, we give the classification of all ideals of finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebra of rank one of nilpotent type over Klein 4-group.
A detailed presentation of the results obtained during my Ph.D. research. The main investigations concern explicit descriptions of classes of finite dimensional pointed Hopf algebras and their quasi-isomorphism types.
Let $\mathbb{k}$ be an algebraically closed field. We give a complete classification of non-connected pointed Hopf algebras of dimension $16$ with char$\,\mathbb{k}=2$ that are generated by group-like elements and skew-primitive elements. It turns out that there are infinitely many classes (up to isomorphism) of pointed Hopf algebras of dimension 16. In particular, we obtain infinitely many new examples of non-commutative non-cocommutative finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras.
We present techniques that allow to decide that the dimension of some pointed Hopf algebras associated with non-abelian groups is infinite. These results are consequences of arXiv:0803.2430v1. We illustrate each technique with applications.
We discuss the relationship between Hopf superalgebras and Hopf algebras. We list the braided vector spaces of diagonal type with generalized root system of super type and give the defining relations of the corresponding Nichols algebras.
We compute higher Frobenius-Schur indicators of pq-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras in characteristic p through their associated graded Hopf algebras. These indicators are gauge invariants for the monoidal categories of representations of these algebras.
We give a presentation in terms of generators and relations of Hopf algebras generated by skew-primitive elements and abelian group of group-like elements with action given via characters. This class of pointed Hopf algebras has shown great importance in the classification theory and can be seen as generalized quantum groups. As a consequence we get an analog presentation of Nichols algebras of diagonal type.
We show that a large class of finite dimensional pointed Hopf algebras is quasi-isomorphic to their associated graded version coming from the coradical filtration, i.e. they are 2-cocycle deformations of the latter. This supports a slightly specialized form of a conjecture of Masuoka.
We classify finite-dimensional complex pointed Hopf algebra with group of group-like elements isomorphic to A_5. We show that any pointed Hopf algebra with infinitesimal braiding associated with the conjugacy class of $π$ \in $A_n$ is infinite-dimensional if the order of $π$ is odd except for $π=(1 2 3)$ in $A_4$. We also study pointed Hopf algebras over the dihedral groups.
All -1-type pointed Hopf algebras and central quantum linear spaces with Weyl groups of exceptional type are found. It is proved that every non -1-type pointed Hopf algebra with real $G(H)$ is infinite dimensional and every central quantum linear space over finite group is finite dimensional. It is proved that except a few cases Nichols algebras of reducible Yetter-Drinfeld modules over Weyl groups of exceptional type are infinite dimensional.
We show that all finite dimensional pointed Hopf algebras with the same diagram in the classification scheme of Andruskiewitsch and Schneider are cocycle deformations of each other. This is done by giving first a suitable characterization of such Hopf algebras, which allows for the application of results by Masuoka about Morita-Takeuchi equivalence and by Schauenburg about Hopf Galois extensions. We also outline a method to describe the deforming cocycles involved using the exponential map and its q-analogue.
We give a necessary and sufficient PBW basis criterion for Hopf algebras generated by skew-primitive elements and abelian group of group-like elements with action given via characters. This class of pointed Hopf algebras has shown great importance in the classification theory and can be seen as generalized quantum groups. We apply the criterion to classical examples and liftings of Nichols algebras which were determined in arxiv.org:1003.5882.
Any finite-dimensional complex pointed Hopf algebra with group of group-likes isomorphic to a sporadic group, with the possible exception of the Fischer groups Fi22, the Baby Monster B and the Monster M, is a group algebra.
We give a complete classification of the 32-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras over an algebraically closed field k with characteristic different from 2. It turns out that there are infinite families of isomorphism classes of pointed Hopf algebras of dimension 32. In [Andruskiewitsch-Schneider, J. Alg 209], [Beattie-Dascalescu-Grunenfelder, Invent. Math. 136 (1)] and [Gelaki, J. Alg 209] are given families of counterexamples for the tenth Kaplansky conjecture. Up to now, 32 is the lowest dimension where Kaplansky conjecture fails.
We consider an interesting class of braidings defined by a combinatorial property in an earlier paper. We show that it consists exactly of those braidings that come from certain Yetter-Drinfeld module structures over pointed Hopf algebras with abelian coradical. As a tool we define a reduced version of the FRT construction. For braidings induced by U_q(g)-modules the reduced FRT construction is calculated explicitly.
We parameterize the finite-dimensional irreducible representations of a class of pointed Hopf algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero by dominant characters. The Hopf algebras we are considering arise in the work of N. Andruskiewitsch and the second author. Special cases are the multiparameter deformations of the enveloping algebras of semisimple Lie algebras where the deforming parameters are not roots of unity and some of their finite-dimensional versions in the root of unity case.
We show that every finite-dimensional complex pointed Hopf algebra with group of group-likes isomorphic to a sporadic group is a group algebra, except for the Fischer group Fi22, the Baby Monster and the Monster. For these three groups, we give a short list of irreducible Yetter-Drinfeld modules whose Nichols algebra is not known to be finite-dimensional.
In this paper we construct and study two new families of finite dimensional pointed Hopf algebras which generalize Radford's families. We show that over any infinite field which contains a primitive nth root of unity, one of the families contains infinitely many non-isomorphic Hopf algebras of any dimension of the form Nn^2, where 2<n<N are integers so that n divides N. We thus answer in the negative Kaplansky's 10th conjecture from 1975 on the finite number of types of Hopf algebras of a given dimension.
Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 and let D_m be the dihedral group of order 2m with m= 4t, with t bigger than 2. We classify all finite-dimensional Nichols algebras over D_m and all finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras whose group of group-likes is D_m, by means of the lifting method. Our main result gives an infinite family of non-abelian groups where the classification of finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras is completed. Moreover, it provides for each dihedral group infinitely many non-trivial new examples.
A fundamental problem in the theory of Hopf algebras is the classification and construction of finite-dimensional (minimal) triangular Hopf algebras (A,R) introduced by Drinfeld. Only recently Etingof and the author completely solved this problem for semisimple A over algebraically closed fields of characteristics 0 and p>>dim(A) (any p if one assumes that A is also cosemisimple). In this paper we take the first step towards solving this problem for finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic 0. We first prove that the fourth power of the ant…
We propose the following principle to study pointed Hopf algebras, or more generally, Hopf algebras whose coradical is a Hopf subalgebra. Given such a Hopf algebra A, consider its coradical filtration and the associated graded coalgebra grad(A). Then grad(A) is a graded Hopf algebra, since the coradical A_0 of A is a Hopf subalgebra. In addition, there is a projection π: grad(A) \to A_0; let R be the algebra of coinvariants of π. Then, by a result of Radford and Majid, R is a braided Hopf algebra and grad(A) is the bosonization (or biproduct) of R and A_0: grad(A) is isomorphic to (R # A_0). T…
The classification of finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras with group S_3 was finished in "The Nichols algebra of a semisimple Yetter-Drinfeld module", arXiv:0803.2430v1 [math.QA], by Andruskiewitsch, Heckenberger and Schneider: there are exactly two of them, the bosonization of a Nichols algebra of dimension 12 and a non-trivial lifting. Here we determine all simple modules over any of these Hopf algebras. We also find the Gabriel quivers, the projective covers of the simple modules, and prove that they are not of finite representation type. To this end, we first investigate the modules o…
This is a survey on pointed Hopf algebras over algebraically closed fields of characteristic 0. We propose to classify pointed Hopf algebras $A$ by first determining the graded Hopf algebra $\gr A$ associated to the coradical filtration of $A$. The $A_{0}$-coinvariants elements form a braided Hopf algebra $R$ in the category of Yetter-Drinfeld modules over the coradical $A_{0} = \ku Γ$, $Γ$ the group of group-like elements of $A$, and $\gr A \simeq R # A_{0}$. We call the braiding of the primitive elements of $R$ the infinitesimal braiding of $A$. If this braiding is of Cartan type \cite{AS2},…
We introduce a method to construct explicitly multiplicative 2-cocycles for bosonizations of Nichols algebras B(V) over Hopf algebras H. These cocycles arise as liftings of H-invariant linear functionals on V tensor V and give a close formula to deform braided commutator-type relations. Using this construction, we show that all known finite dimensional pointed Hopf algebras over the dihedral groups D_m with m=4t > 11, over the symmetric group S_3 and some families over S_4 are cocycle deformations of bosonizations of Nichols algebras.
We show that any pointed Hopf algebra with infinitesimal braiding associated to the conjugacy class of pi in S_n is infinite-dimensional, if either the order of pi is odd, or pi is a product of disjoint cycles of odd order except for exactly two transpositions.
We study representations of nilpotent type nontrivial liftings of quantum linear spaces and their Drinfel'd quantum doubles. We construct a family of Verma- type modules in both cases and prove a parametrization theorem for simple modules. We compute the Loewy and socle series of Verma modules under a mild restriction on the datum of a lifting. We find bases and dimensions of simple modules.
Let s in S_n be a product of disjoint cycles of the same length, C the conjugacy class of s and rho an irreducible representation of the isotropy group of s. We prove that either the Nichols algebra B(C, rho) is infinite-dimensional, or the braiding of the Yetter-Drinfeld module is negative.
This is a sequel to arXiv:0807.2406. It is shown that the Nichols algebras over the symmetric groups S_m, m > 4, are all infinite-dimensional, except (maybe) those related to the transpositions considered by Fomin and Kirillov, resp. Milinski and Schneider, and the class of type (2,3) in S_5.
We present new examples of finite-dimensional Nichols algebra over fields of characteristic 2 starting from braided vector spaces that are not of diagonal type, admit realizations as Yetter-Drinfeld modules over finite abelian groups and are analogous to braidings over fields of odd characteristic with finite-dimensional Nichols algebras presented in arXiv:1905.03074. As these last ones, they are related to the Nichols algebras of finite Gelfand-Kirillov dimension in characteristic 0 described in arXiv:1606.02521. New finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras over fields of characteristic 2 are…
We prove that Nichols algebras of irreducible Yetter-Drinfeld modules over classical Weyl groups $A \rtimes \mathbb S_n$ supported by $\mathbb S_n$ are infinite dimensional, except in three cases. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for Nichols algebras of Yetter-Drinfeld modules over classical Weyl groups $A \rtimes \mathbb S_n$ supported by $A$ to be finite dimensional.
It is an important open problem whether the dimension of the Nichols algebra B(O,ρ) is finite when O is the class of the transpositions and ρis the sign representation, with m>= 6. In the present paper, we discard most of the other conjugacy classes showing that very few pairs (O,ρ) might give rise to finite-dimensional Nichols algebras.
We classify finite-dimensional Nichols algebras over finite nilpotent groups of odd order in group-theoretical terms. The main step is to show that the conjugacy classes of such finite groups are either abelian or of type C; this property also holds for finite conjugacy classes of finitely generated nilpotent groups whose torsion has odd order. To extend our approach to the setting of finite GK-dimension, we propose a new Conjecture on racks of type C. We also prove that the bosonization a of Nichols algebra of a Yetter-Drinfeld module over a group whose support is an infinite conjugacy class …
We survey a vast array of known results and techniques in the area of polynomial identities in pointed Hopf algebras. Some new results are proven in the setting of Hopf algebras that appeared in papers of D. Radford and N. Andruskiewitsch - H.-J. Schneider.
In this paper, we study the representations of the new finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras in positive characteristic given in \cite{Cib09}. We find that these Hopf algebras are symmetric algebras. We determine the simple modules and their projective covers over these Hopf algebras. We show that these Hopf algebras are of wild representation type.
Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. We conclude the classification of finite dimensional pointed Hopf algebras whose group of group-likes is S_4. We also describe all pointed Hopf algebras over S_5 whose infinitesimal braiding is associated to the rack of transpositions.
We describe all finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras whose infinitesimal braiding is a fixed Yetter-Drinfeld module decomposed as the sum of two simple objects: a point and the one of transpositions of the symmetric group in three letters. We give a presentation by generators and relations of the corresponding Nichols algebra and show that Andruskiewitsch-Schneider Conjecture holds for this kind of pointed Hopf algebras.
Two "quantum enveloping algebras", here denoted by $U(R)$ and $U^{\sim}(R)$, are associated in [FRTa] and [FRTb] to any Yang-Baxter operator R. The latter is only a bialgebra, in general; the former is a Hopf algebra. In this paper, we study the pointed Hopf algebras $U(R_Q)$, where $R_Q$ is the Yang-Baxter operator associated with the multi-parameter deformation of $GL_n$ supplied in [AST]; cf also [S,Re]. Some earlier results concerning these Hopf algebras $U(R_Q)$ were obtained in [To,CLMT,CM]; a related (but different) Hopf algebra was studied in [DP]. The main new results obtained here co…
Every finite dimensional Hopf algebra is a Frobenius algebra, with Frobenius homomorphism given by an integral. The Nakayama automorphism determined by it yields a decomposition with degrees in a cyclic group. For a family of pointed Hopf algebras, we determine necessary and sufficient conditions for this decomposition to be strongly graded.
This article serves a two-fold purpose. On the one hand, it is a survey about the classification of finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras with abelian coradical, whose final step is the computation of the liftings or deformations of graded Hopf algebras. On the other, we present a step-by-step guide to carry out the strategy developed to construct the liftings. As an example, we conclude the work with the classification of pointed Hopf algebras of type $B_2$.
We show that any finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebra over an abelian group $Γ$ such that its infinitesimal braiding is of standard type is generated by group-like and skew-primitive elements. This fact agrees with the long-standing conjecture by Andruskiewitsch and Schneider. We also show that the quantum Serre relations hold in any coradically graded pointed Hopf algebra over $Γ$ of finite dimension and determine how these relations are lifted in the standard case.
In a previous work \cite{AS2} we showed how to attach to a pointed Hopf algebra A with coradical $\kΓ$, a braided strictly graded Hopf algebra R in the category $_Γ^Γ\Cal{YD}$ of Yetter-Drinfeld modules over $Γ$. In this paper, we consider a further invariant of A, namely the subalgebra R' of R generated by the space V of primitive elements. Algebras of this kind are known since the pioneering work of Nichols. It turns out that R' is completely determined by the braiding c:V\otimes V \to V \otimes V. We denote R' = B(V). We assume further that $Γ$ is finite abelian. Then c is given by a matrix…
We study the pointed or copointed liftings of Nichols algebras associated to affine racks and constant cocycles for any finite group admitting a principal YD-realization of these racks. In the copointed case we complete the classification for the six affine racks whose Nichols algebra is known to be of finite dimension. In the pointed case our method allows us to finish four of them. In all of the cases the Hopf algebras obtained turn out to be cocycle deformations of their associated graded Hopf algebras. All of them are new examples of finite-dimensional copointed or pointed Hopf algebras ov…
We examine actions of finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras on central simple division algebras in characteristic 0. (By a Hopf action we mean a Hopf module algebra structure.) In all examples considered, we show that the given Hopf algebra does admit a faithful action on a central simple division algebra, and we construct such a division algebra. This is in contrast to earlier work of Etingof and Walton, in which it was shown that most pointed Hopf algebras do not admit faithful actions on fields. We consider all bosonizations of Nichols algebras of finite Cartan type, small quantum groups…
We develop some techniques to the study of exact module categories over some families of pointed finite-dimensional Hopf algebras. As an application we classify exact module categories over the tensor category of representations of the small quantum groups $u_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$.
Every non quasi- -1-type Nichols algebra is infinite dimensional. All quasi- -1-type Nichols algebra over sporadic simple groups ${\rm HS}$ and ${\rm Co3}$ are found.
Let G be a Mathieu simple group, s in G, O_s the conjugacy class of s and ρan irreducible representation of the centralizer of s. We prove that either the Nichols algebra B(O_s,ρ) is infinite-dimensional or the braiding of the Yetter-Drinfeld module M(O_s, ρ) is negative. We also show that if G=M22 or M24, then the group algebra of G is the only (up to isomorphisms) finite-dimensional complex pointed Hopf algebra with group-likes isomorphic to G.
