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arXiv math/0412027math.APmath-phmath.MP
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有限区间上演化偏微分方程的一种变换方法

A Transform Method for Evolution PDEs on a Finite Interval

A. S. Fokas, B. Pelloni

摘要:

研究了区域$\{t>0, 0<x<L\}$上具有{ \em任意阶}空间导数的常系数线性标量偏微分方程的初边值问题.我们首先表明,通过分析所谓的{ \em全球关系},这是一个代数关系中定义的复杂的$k$ -平面耦合的所有边界值的解决方案,它是可能的,以确定有多少边界条件必须规定在每一端的空间间隔,以使问题被很好地提出。然后,我们表明,该解决方案可以表示为一个完整的复$k$平面。该积分是根据初始条件的$x$ -变换和边界条件的$t$ -变换定义的。对于特殊情况,如周期边界条件的情况下,或{ \em second}阶偏微分方程的边值问题的情况下,积分可以重写为一个无穷级数。然而,存在初边值问题,其唯一的表示是{ \em不能}写成无穷级数的积分。KdV方程的线性化版本提供了这样一个问题的一个例子。因此,与通常的看法相反,有限区间{ \em}上的许多线性初边值问题的解不能用无穷级数表示。

英文摘要:

We study initial boundary value problems for linear scalar partial differential equations with constant coefficients, with spatial derivatives of {\em arbitrary order}, posed on the domain $\{t>0, 0<x<L\}$. We first show that by analysing the so-called {\em global relation}, which is an algebraic relation defined in the complex $k$-plane coupling all boundary values of the solution, it is possible to identify how many boundary conditions must be prescribed at each end of the space interval in order for the problem to be well posed. We then show that the solution can be expressed as an integral in the complex $k$-plane. This integral is defined in terms of an $x$-transform of the initial condition and a $t$-transform of the boundary conditions. For particular cases, such as the case of periodic boundary conditions, or the case of boundary value problems for {\em second} order PDEs, the integral can be rewritten as an infinite series. However, there exist initial boundary value problems for which the only representation is an integral which {\em cannot} be written as an infinite series. An example of such a problem is provided by the linearised version of the KdV equation. Thus, contrary to common belief, the solution of many linear initial boundary value problems on a finite interval {\em cannot} be expressed in terms of an infinite series.

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