We study topological properties of conjugacy classes in Polish groups, with emphasis on automorphism groups of homogeneous countable structures. We first consider the existence of dense conjugacy classes (the topological Rokhlin property). We then characterize when an automorphism group admits a comeager conjugacy class (answering a question of Truss) and apply this to show that the homeomorphism group of the Cantor space has a comeager conjugacy class (answering a question of Akin-Hurley-Kennedy). Finally, we study Polish groups that admit comeager conjugacy classes in any dimension (in which case the groups are said to admit ample generics). We show that Polish groups with ample generics have the small index property (generalizing results of Hodges-Hodkinson-Lascar-Shelah) and arbitrary homomorphisms from such groups into separable groups are automatically continuous. Moreover, in the case of oligomorphic permutation groups, they have uncountable cofinality and the Bergman property. These results in particular apply to automorphism groups of many $ω$-stable, $\aleph_0$-categorical structures and of the random graph. In this connection, we also show that the infinite symmetric group $S_\infty$ has a unique non-trivial separable group topology. For several interesting groups we also establish Serre's properties (FH) and (FA).
We give strengthened versions of the Herwig-Lascar and Hodkinson-Otto extension theorems for partial automorphisms of finite structures. Such strengthenings yield several combinatorial and group-theoretic consequences for homogeneous structures. For instance, we establish a coherent form of the extension property for partial automorphisms for certain Fraisse classes. We deduce from these results that the isometry group of the rational Urysohn space, the automorphism group of the Fraisse limit of any Fraisse class that is the class of all $\mathcal{F}$-free structures (in the Herwig--Lascar sen…
Let L be a countable elementary language, N be a Fraisse limit. We consider free amalgamation for L-structures where L is arbitrary. If free amalgamation for finitely generated substructures exits in N, then it is a stationary independece relation in the sense of K.Tent and M.Ziegler [TZ12b]. Therefore Aut(N) is universal for Aut(M) for all substructures M of N. This follows by a result of I.Müller [Mue13] We show that c-nilpotent graded Lie algebras over a finite field and c-nilpotent groups of exponent p (c < p) with extra predicates for a central Lazard series provide examples. We replace t…
In S. 1 we deal with amalgamation bases, e.g., we define when an a.e.c. $k$ has $(λ,κ)$-amalgamation which means "many" M in $K^k_λ$ are amalgamation bases. We then consider what happens for the class of lf groups. In S. 2 we deal with weak definability of $a \in N\setminus M$ over $M$, for $ K_{exlf}$. In S. 3 we deal with indecomposable members of $K_{exlf}$ and with the existence of universal members of $K^k_μ$, for $μ$ strong limit of cofinality $\aleph_0$. Most noteworthy: if $K_{lf}$ has a universal model in $μ$ then it has a canonical one similar to the special models, (the parallel to …
We study in this paper some connections between the Fraisse theory of amalgamation classes and ultrahomogeneous structures, Ramsey theory, and topological dynamics of automorphism groups of countable structures.
Generic dc-automorphisms of two-sorted ultrametric spaces
Institute of Mathematics, Czech Academy of Sciences（捷克科学院数学研究所）；University of Wrocław（弗罗茨瓦夫大学）；University of Münster（明斯特大学）；Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw（华沙大学数学、信息学和力学学院）
The class of linearly ordered sets with one order preserving unary operation has the Strong Amalgamation Property (SAP). The class of linearly ordered sets with one strict order preserving unary operation has AP but not SAP. The class of linearly ordered sets with two order preserving unary operations has not AP. For every set $F$, the class of linearly ordered sets with an $F$-indexed family of automorphisms has SAP. Corresponding results are proved in the case of order reversing operations. Various subclasses of the above classes are considered and some model-theoretical consequences are pre…
We study some amalgamation classes introduced by Cherlin and prove the simplicity of the automorphism groups of the Fra{\"ı}ss{é} limits of these classes. We employ the machinery of stationary independence relations used by Tent and Ziegler.
For a theory $T$ in $L, T_σ$ is the theory of the models of $T$ with an automorphism $σ$. If $T$ is an unstable model complete theory without the independence property, then $T_σ$ has no model companion. If $T$ is an unstable model complete theory and $T_σ$ has the amalgamation property, then $T_σ$ has no model companion. If $T$ is model complete and has the fcp, then $T_σ$ has no model completion.
We show that every free amalgamation class of finite structures with relations and (symmetric) partial functions is a Ramsey class when enriched by a free linear ordering of vertices. This is a common strengthening of the Nešetřil-Rödl Theorem and the second and third authors' Ramsey theorem for finite models (that is, structures with both relations and functions). We also find subclasses with the ordering property. For languages with relational symbols and unary functions we also show the extension property for partial automorphisms (EPPA) of free amalgamation classes. These general results s…
We show that the automorphism groups of certain countable structures obtained using the Hrushovski amalgamation method are simple groups. The structures we consider are the 'uncollapsed' structures of infinite Morley rank obtained by the ab initio construction and the (unstable) omega-categorical pseudoplanes. The simplicity of the automorphism groups of these follows from results which generalize work of Lascar and of Tent and Ziegler.
This paper continues the study of generalized amalgamation properties. Part of the paper provides a finer analysis of the groupoids that arise from failure of 3-uniqueness in a stable theory. We show that such groupoids must be abelian and link the binding group of the groupoids to a certain automorphism group of the monster model, showing that the group must be abelian as well. We also study connections between n-existence and n-uniqueness properties for various "dimensions" n in the wider context of simple theories. We introduce a family of weaker existence and uniqueness properties. Many of…
We give an amalgamation construction of free multiple trees with a strongly transitive automorphism group. The construction shows that any partial codistance function on a tuple of finite trees can be extended to yield multiple trees.
Tent and Ziegler proved that the automorphism group of the Urysohn sphere is simple and that the automorphism group of the Urysohn space is simple modulo bounded automorphisms. A key component of their proof is the definition of a stationary independence relation (SIR). In this paper we prove that the existence of a SIR satisfying some extra axioms is enough to prove simplicity of the automorphism group of a countable structure. The extra axioms are chosen with applications in mind, namely homogeneous structures which admit a "metric-like amalgamation", for example all primitive 3-constrained …
In order to understand the structure of the `typical' element of an automorphism group, one has to study how large the conjugacy classes of the group are. When typical is meant in the sense of Baire category, a complete description of the size of the conjugacy classes has been given by Kechris and Rosendal. Following Dougherty and Mycielski we investigate the measure theoretic dual of this problem, using Christensen's notion of Haar null sets. When typical means random, that is, almost every with respect to this notion of Haar null sets, the behavior of the automorphisms is entirely different …
Using the natural action of $S_\infty$ we show that a countable hereditary class $\mathcal C$ of finitely generated structures has the joint embedding property (JEP) and the weak amalgamation property (WAP) if and only if there is a structure $M$ whose isomorphism type is comeager in the space of all countable, infinitely generated structures with age in $\mathcal C$. In this case, $M$ is the weak Fraïssé limit of $\mathcal C$. This applies in particular to countable structures with generic automorphisms and recovers a result by Kechris and Rosendal [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., 2007].
We prove that for a number of ultrahomogeneous structures $M$, including those with the free amalgamation property, the powers of the automorphism group ${\rm{Aut}}(M)^n$, $n=1,2,\ldots$, and the group $L_0({\rm{ Aut}}(M))$ of measurable functions with values in ${\rm{Aut}}(M)$, have a cyclically dense conjugacy class, in particular, are topologically 2-generated. This provides a number of new examples of groups with this property. Moreover, we will show that each of these groups is cyclically generated by a pair generating the free group.
In the course of classifying the homogeneous permutations, Cameron introduced the viewpoint of permutations as structures in a language of two linear orders, and this structural viewpoint is taken up here. The majority of this thesis is concerned with Cameron's problem of classifying the homogeneous structures in a language of finitely many linear orders, which we call finite-dimensional permutation structures. Towards this problem, we present a construction that we conjecture produces all such structures. Some evidence for this conjecture is given, including the classification of the homogene…
In this paper we prove a general theorem showing the extension property for partial automorphisms (EPPA, also called the Hrushovski property) for classes of structures containing relations and unary functions, optionally equipped with a permutation group of the language. The proof is elementary, combinatorial and fully self-contained. Our result is a common strengthening of the Herwig-Lascar theorem on EPPA for relational classes with forbidden homomorphisms, the Hodkinson-Otto theorem on EPPA for relational free amalgamation classes, its strengthening for unary functions by Evans, Hubička and…
We define and study the notion of \emph{ample metric generics} for a Polish topological group, which is a weakening of the notion of ample generics introduced by Kechris and Rosendal in \cite{Kechris-Rosendal:Turbulence}. Our work is based on the concept of a \emph{Polish topometric group}, defined in this article. Using Kechris and Rosendal's work as a guide, we explore consequences of ample metric generics (or, more generally, ample generics for Polish topometric groups). Then we provide examples of Polish groups with ample metric generics, such as the isometry group $\Iso(\bU_1)$ of the bou…
