Analogs of the classical Sylvester theorem have been known for matrices with entries in noncommutative algebras including the quantized algebra of functions on GL(N) and the Yangian for gl(N). We prove a version of this theorem for the twisted Yangians Y(g(N)) associated with the orthogonal and symplectic Lie algebras g(N)=o(N) or sp(N). This gives rise to representations of the twisted Yangian Y(g(N-M)) on the space of g(M)-homomorphisms Hom(W,V), where W and V are finite-dimensional irreducible modules over g(M) and g(N), respectively. In the symplectic case these representations turn out to be irreducible and we identify them by calculating the corresponding Drinfeld polynomials. We also apply the quantum Sylvester theorem to realize the twisted Yangian as a projective limit of certain centralizers in universal enveloping algebras.
We introduce an analogue of the composition of the Cherednik and Drinfeld functor for twisted Yangians. Our definition is based on the Howe duality, and originates from the centralizer construction of twisted Yangians due to Olshanski. Using our functor, we establish a correspondence between intertwining operators on the tensor products of certain modules over twisted Yangians, and the extremal cocycle on the hyperoctahedral group.
We introduce a skew analogue of the composition of the Cherednik and Drinfeld functors for twisted Yangians. Our definition is based on the skew Howe duality, and originates from the centralizer construction of twisted Yangians due to Olshanski. Using our functor, we establish a correspondence between intertwining operators on the tensor products of certain modules over twisted Yangians, and the extremal cocycle on the hyperoctahedral group.
We initiate a theory of highest weight representations for twisted Yangians of types B, C, D and we classify the finite-dimensional irreducible representations of twisted Yangians associated to symmetric pairs of types CI, DIII and BCD0.
We study the convolution algebra $H^{G\times \CC^{*}}_{*}(Z)$ of $G$-equivariant homology group on the Steinberg variety of type B/C and define an algebra $\widetilde{Y}$ that maps to $H^{G\times \CC^{*}}_{*}(Z)$. The Drinfeld new realization of the twisted Yangian associated to symmetric pairs is a quotient of $\widetilde{Y}$. We also study the $G$-equivariant case and prove that the twisted Yangian is the deformation of the twisted current algebra.
We give explicit realizations of irreducible representations of the Yangian of the general linear Lie algebra and of its twisted analogues, corresponding to symplectic and orthogonal Lie algebras. In particular, we develop the fusion procedure for twisted Yangians. For the non-twisted Yangian, this procedure goes back to the works of Cherednik.
The twisted q-Yangians are coideal subalgebras of the quantum affine algebra associated with gl(N). We prove a classification theorem for finite-dimensional irreducible representations of the twisted q-Yangians associated with the symplectic Lie algebras sp(2n). The representations are parameterized by their highest weights or by their Drinfeld polynomials. In the simplest case of sp(2) we give an explicit description of all the representations as tensor products of evaluation modules. We prove analogues of the Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt theorem for the quantum affine algebra and for the twisted q…
We prove how the Yangian of $\mathfrak{gl}_N$ in its RTT presentation and Olshanski's twisted Yangians for the orthogonal and symplectic Lie algebras can be obtained by a degeneration process from the corresponding quantum loop algebra and some of its twisted analogues.
We define the Drinfeld generators for $Y_3^+$, the twisted Yangian associated to the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{so}_3(\mathbb{C})$. This allows us to define shifted twisted Yangians, which are certain subalgebras of $Y_3^+$. We show that there are families of homomorphisms from the shifted twisted Yangians in $Y_3^+$ to the universal enveloping algebras of various orthogonal and symplectic Lie algebras, and we conjecture that the images of these homomorphisms are isomorphic to various finite $W$-algebras.
We give the principal realization of the twisted Yangians of orthogonal and symplectic types. The new bases are interpreted in terms of discrete Fourier transform over the cyclic group Z_N.
We construct an explicit set of generators for the finite W-algebras associated to nilpotent matrices in the symplectic or orthogonal Lie algebras whose Jordan blocks are all of the same size. We use these generators to show that such finite W-algebras are quotients of twisted Yangians.
The Yangian of the Lie algebra $gl_N$ has a distinguished family of irreducible finite-dimensional representations, called elementary representations. They are parametrized by pairs, consisting of a skew Young diagram and a complex number. Each of these representations has an explicit realization, it extends the classical realization of the irreducible polynomial representations of $gl_N$ by means of the Young symmetrizers. We explicitly construct analogues of these elementary representations for the twisted Yangian, which corresponds to the Lie algebra $so_N$. Our construction provides soluti…
We define the twisted affine Yangian of type $C$ and construct surjective homomorphisms from twisted affine Yangians of type $C$ to the universal enveloping algebra of the rectangular $W$-algebra associated with $\mathfrak{so}(ln)$ and a nilpotent element whose Jordan form corresponds to the partition $(l^n)$ in the case when $l$ and $n$ are even.
With any involutive anti-algebra and coalgebra automorphism of a quasitriangular bialgebra we associate a reflection equation algebra. A Hopf algebraic treatment of the reflection equation of this type and its universal solution is given. Applications to the twisted Yangians are considered.
With any skew Young diagram one can associate a one parameter family of "elementary" modules over the Yangian $\Yg(\gł_N)$. Consider the twisted Yangian $\Yg(\g_N)\subset \Yg(\gł_N)$ associated with a classical matrix Lie algebra $\g_N\subset\gł_N$. Regard the tensor product of elementary Yangian modules as a module over $\Yg(\g_N)$ by restriction. We prove its irreducibility for generic values of the parameters.
We show that the truncation of twisted Yangians are isomorphic to finite W-algebras based on orthogonal or symplectic algebras. This isomorphism allows us to classify all the finite dimensional irreducible representations of the quoted W-algebras. We also give an R-matrix for these W-algebras, and determine their center.
We describe recent work on the twisted Yangians Y(g,h) which arise as boundary remnants of Yangians Y(g) in 1+1D integrable field theories, bringing out the special role played by the requirement that (g,h) be a symmetric pair.
We study the tensor product $W$ of any number of "elementary" irreducible modules $V_1,...,V_k$ over the Yangian of the general linear Lie algebra. Each of these modules is determined by a skew Young diagram and a complex parameter. For any indices $i,j=1,...,k$ there is a canonical non-zero intertwining operator $A_{ij}$ between the tensor products $V_i\otimes V_j$ and $V_j\otimes V_i$. This operator is defined up to a scalar multipler. We show that the tensor product $W$ is irreducible, if and only if all operators $A_{ij}$ with $i<j$ are invertible. This implies that the Yangian module $W$ …
We study a class of quantized enveloping algebras, called twisted Yangians, associated with the symmetric pairs of types B, C, D in Cartan's classification. These algebras can be regarded as coideal subalgebras of the extended Yangian for orthogonal or symplectic Lie algebras. They can also be presented as quotients of a reflection algebra by additional symmetry relations. We prove an analogue of the Poincare-Birkoff-Witt Theorem, determine their centres and study also extended reflection algebras.
Sapienza Università di Roma（罗马大学）；University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics（萨格勒布大学理学院）；Central China Normal University（华中师范大学）
We use the theory of reductive dual pairs due to Howe to obtain explicit realizations of irreducible representations of the Yangian of the general linear Lie algebra, and of the twisted Yangians corresponding to the symplectic and orthogonal Lie algebras.
We study analogues of the Yangian of the Lie algebra $gl_N$ for the other classical Lie algebras $so_N$ and $sp_N$. We call them twisted Yangians. They are coideal subalgebras in the Yangian $Y(gl_N)$ of $gl_N$ and admit homomorphisms onto the universal enveloping algebras $U(so_N)$ and $U(sp_N)$ respectively. In every twisted Yangian we construct a family of maximal commutative subalgebras parametrized by the regular semisimple elements of the corresponding classical Lie algebra. The images in $U(so_N)$ and $U(sp_N)$ of these subalgebras are also maximal commutative.
We show that, in the open Hubbard model with integrable boundary conditions, the bulk Yangian symmetry is broken to a twisted Yangian. We prove that the associated charges commute with the Hamiltonian and the reflection matrix, and that they form a coideal subalgebra.
We present a quantization of a Lie coideal structure for twisted half-loop algebras of finite-dimensional simple complex Lie algebras. We obtain algebra closure relations of twisted Yangians in Drinfeld J presentation for all symmetric pairs of simple Lie algebras and for simple twisted even half-loop Lie algebras. We provide the explicit form of the closure relations for twisted Yangians in Drinfeld J presentation for the ${\mathfrak{sl}}_3$ Lie algebra.
We describe the twisted Yangians Y(g,h) which arise as boundary remnants of Yangians Y(g) in 1+1D integrable field theories. We describe and extend our recent construction of the intertwiners of their representations (the rational boundary S- or 'K'-matrices) and perform a case-by-case analysis for all pairs (g,h), giving the h-decomposition of Y(g,h)-representations where possible.
We study quantized enveloping algebras called twisted Yangians. They are analogues of the Yangian Y(gl(N)) for the classical Lie algebras of B, C, and D series. The twisted Yangians are subalgebras in Y(gl(N)) and coideals with respect to the coproduct in Y(gl(N)). We give a complete description of their finite-dimensional irreducible representations. Every such representation is highest weight and we give necessary and sufficient conditions for an irreducible highest weight representation to be finite-dimensional. The result is analogous to Drinfeld's theorem for the ordinary Yangians. Its de…
Based on the (quantum) twisted Yangians, integrable systems with special boundary conditions, called soliton non-preserving (SNP), may be constructed. In the present article we focus on the study of subalgebras of the (quantum) twisted Yangians, and we show that such a subalgebra provides an exact symmetry of the rational transfer matrix. We discuss how the spectrum of a generic transfer matrix may be obtained by focusing only on two types of special boundaries. It is also shown that the subalgebras, emerging from the asymptotics of tensor product representations of the (quantum) twisted Yangi…
Let $G_M$ be one of the complex Lie groups $O_M$ and $Sp_M$. The irreducible finite-dimensional representations of the group $G_M$ are labeled by partitions $μ$ satisfying certain extra conditions. Let $U$ be the representation of $G_M$ corresponding to $μ$. Regard the direct product $G_N\times G_M$ as a subgroup of $G_{N+M}$. Let $V$ be the irreducible representation of $G_{N+M}$ corresponding to a partition $λ$. Consider the vector space $W=Hom_{G_M}(U,V)$. It comes with a natural action of the group $G_N$. Let $n$ be sum of parts of $λ$ less the sum of parts of $μ$. For any choice of a stan…
We study a composition of two functors. The first one, from the category of modules over the Lie algebra $\gl_m$ to the category of modules over the degenerate affine Hecke algebra of $GL_N$, was introduced by I. Cherednik. The second functor is a skew version of the functor from the latter category to the category of modules over the Yangian $\Y(\gl_n)$ due to V. Drinfeld. We give a representation theoretic explanation of a link between intertwining operators on tensor products of $\Y(\gl_n)$-modules, and the `extremal cocycle' on the Weyl group of $\gl_m$ introduced by D. Zhelobenko. We esta…
This is a review paper on the algebraic structure and representations of the A type Yangian and the B, C, D types twisted Yangians. Some applications to constructions of Casimir elements and characteristic identities for the corresponding Lie algebras are also discussed.
It is known that integrable models associated to rational $R$ matrices give rise to certain non-abelian symmetries known as Yangians. Analogously `boundary' symmetries arise when general but still integrable boundary conditions are implemented, as originally argued by Delius, Mackay and Short from the field theory point of view, in the context of the principal chiral model on the half line. In the present study we deal with a discrete quantum mechanical system with boundaries, that is the $N$ site $gl(n)$ open quantum spin chain. In particular, the open spin chain with two distinct types of bo…
We discuss the integrability structure of deformed, four-dimensional N=4 super Yang-Mills theories using Yangians. We employ a recent procedure by Beisert and Roiban that generalizes the beta deformation of Lunin and Maldacena to produce N=1 superconformal gauge theories, which have the superalgebra SU(2,2|1)xU(1)xU(1). The deformed theories, including those with the more general twist, were shown to have retained their integrable structure. Here we examine the Yangian algebra of these deformed theories. In a five field subsector, we compute the two cases of SU(2)xU(1)xU(1)xU(1) and SU(2|1)xU(…
Let $GL_M$ be general linear Lie group over the complex field. The irreducible rational representations of the group $GL_M$ are labeled by pairs of partitions $μ$ and $\tildeμ$ such that the total number of non-zero parts of $μ$ and $\tildeμ$ does not exceed $M$. Let $U$ be the representation of $GL_M$ corresponding to such a pair. Regard the direct product $GL_N\times GL_M$ as a subgroup of $GL_{N+M}$. Let $V$ be the irreducible rational representation of the group $GL_{N+M}$ corresponding to a pair of partitions $λ$ and $\tildeλ$. Consider the vector space $W=Hom_{G_M}(U,V)$. It comes with a…
Consider the complex matrix Lie superalgebra $gl_{N|N}$ with the standard generators $E_{ij}$ where $i,j=-N,...,-1,1,...,N$. Define an involutive automorphism $η$ of $gl_{N|N}$ by $η(E_{ij})=E_{-i,-j}$. The queer Lie superalgebra $q_N$ is the fixed point subalgebra in $gl_{N|N}$ relative to the automorphism $η$. Consider the twisted polynomial current Lie superalgebra $g=\{X(t)\in\gl_{N|N}[t]:η(X(t))=X(-t)\}$. The enveloping algebra $U(g)$ of the Lie superalgebra $g$ has a deformation, called the Yangian of $q_N$. For each $M=1,2,...$ denote by $A_N^M$ the centralizer of $q_M\subset q_{N+M}$ i…
For each of the classical Lie algebras $g(n)=o(2n+1), sp(2n), o(2n)$ of type B, C, D we consider the centralizer of the subalgebra $g(n-m)$ in the universal enveloping algebra $U(g(n))$. We show that the $n$th centralizer algebra can be naturally projected onto the $(n-1)$th one, so that one can form the projective limit of the centralizer algebras as $n\to\infty$ with $m$ fixed. The main result of the paper is a precise description of this limit (or stable) centralizer algebra, denoted by $A_m$. We explicitly construct an algebra isomorphism $A_m=Z\otimes Y_m$, where $Z$ is a commutative alge…
Representations of Super Yangians with Gelfand-Tsetlin bases
Shenzhen International Center for Mathematics, Southern University of Science and Technology（深圳数学中心，南方科技大学）；School of Artificial Intelligence, Jianghan University（江汉大学人工智能学院）；School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central China Normal University（华中师范大学数学与统计学院）
研究超杨代数的表示，通过评价同态将其协变张量模视为超杨代数模，并给出简单商模块的 tame 条件，扩展了纳扎罗夫和塔拉索夫的工作。
A general scheme of construction of Drinfeldians and Yangians from quantum non-twisted affine Kac-Moody algebras is presented. Explicit description of Drinfeldians and Yangians for all Lie algebras of the classical series A, B, C, D are given in terms of a Cavalley basis.
Twisted Hopf algebra $sl_ξ(2)$ gives rise to a deformation of the Yangian ${\cal Y}(sl(2))$. The corresponding deformations of the integrable XXX-spin chain and the Gaudin model are discussed.
Take the matrix Lie superalgebra $gl_{N|N}$ with the standard generators $E_{ij}$ where $i,j=-N,...,-1,1,...,N$. Define an involutive automorphism of $gl_{N|N}$ by sending $E_{ij}$ to $E_{-i,-j}$. Then the corresponding twisted subalgebra $g$ in the polynomial current Lie superalgebra $gl_{N|N}[u]$, has a natural Lie co-superalgebra structure. Here we quantise the universal enveloping algebra $U(g)$ as a co-Poisson Hopf superalgebra. For the quantised algebra we give a description of the centre, and construct the double in the sense of Drinfeld. We also construct a class of irreducible represe…
