This article examines density estimation by combining a parametric approach with a nonparametric factor. The plug-in parametric estimator is seen as a crude estimator of the true density and is adjusted by a nonparametric factor. The nonparametric factor is derived by a criterion called local
L_2-fitting. A class of estimators that have multiplicative adjustment is provided, including estimators proposed by several authors as special cases, and the asymptotic theories are developed. Theoretical comparison reveals that the estimators in this class are better than, or at least competitive with, the traditional kernel estimator in a broad class of densities. The asymptotically best estimator in this class can be obtained from the elegant feature of the bias function.
There are many interesting and widely used estimators of a functional with finite semiparametric variance bound that depend on nonparametric estimators of nuisance functions. We use cross-fitting (i.e. sample splitting) to construct novel estimators with fast remainder rates. We give cross-fit doubly robust estimators that use separate subsamples to estimate different nuisance functions. We obtain general, precise results for regression spline estimation of average linear functionals of conditional expectations with a finite semiparametric variance bound. We show that a cross-fit doubly robust…
In this paper we study the problem of semiparametric estimation for a class of McKean-Vlasov stochastic differential equations. Our aim is to estimate the drift coefficient of a MV-SDE based on observations of the corresponding particle system. We propose a semiparametric estimation procedure and derive the rates of convergence for the resulting estimator. We further prove that the obtained rates are essentially optimal in the minimax sense.
We derive independence tests by means of dependence measures thresholding in a semiparametric context. Precisely, estimates of phi-mutual informations, associated to phi-divergences between a joint distribution and the product distribution of its margins, are derived through the dual representation of phi-divergences. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimates are established, including consistency, asymptotic distributions and large deviations principle. The obtained tests of independence are compared via their relative asymptotic Bahadur efficiency and numerical simulations. It foll…
We investigate a semiparametric regression model where one gets noisy non linear non invertible functions of the observations. We focus on the application to bearings-only tracking. We first investigate the least squares estimator and prove its consistency and asymptotic normality under mild assumptions. We study the semiparametric likelihood process and prove local asymptotic normality of the model. This allows to define the efficient Fisher information as a lower bound for the asymptotic variance of regular estimators, and to prove that the parametric likelihood estimator is regular and asym…
In this work we present a simple estimation procedure for a general frailty model for analysis of prospective correlated failure times. Earlier work showed this method to perform well in a simulation study. Here we provide rigorous large-sample theory for the proposed estimators of both the regression coefficient vector and the dependence parameter, including consistent variance estimators.
This paper complements the results of Andresen et. al "Critical dimension in profile semiparametric estimation" (2014) on profile estimators in semiparametric models. We present two examples. One that illustrates that the smoothness constraint on the expected value of the contrast functional used to define the profile M-estimator is necessary for the bound derived for the critical ratio of dimension to sample size. A second one to show that in the case that the target dimension is proportional to the full dimension the critical ratio for the Fisher type result stays the same while for the Wilk…
In this paper, we consider nonparametric multidimensional finite mixture models and we are interested in the semiparametric estimation of the population weights. Here, the i.i.d. observations are assumed to have at least three components which are independent given the population. We approximate the semiparametric model by projecting the conditional distributions on step functions associated to some partition. Our first main result is that if we refine the partition slowly enough, the associated sequence of maximum likelihood estimators of the weights is asymptotically efficient, and the poste…
There is a difficulty in finding an estimate of variance of the profile likelihood estimator in the joint model of longitudinal and survival data. We solve the difficulty by introducing the ``statistical generalized derivative''. The derivative is used to show the asymptotic normality of the estimator without assuming the second derivative of the density function in the model exists.
We propose a new class of R-estimators for semiparametric VARMA models in which the innovation density plays the role of the nuisance parameter. Our estimators are based on the novel concepts of multivariate center-outward ranks and signs. We show that these concepts, combined with Le Cam's asymptotic theory of statistical experiments, yield a class of semiparametric estimation procedures, which are efficient (at a given reference density), root-$n$ consistent, and asymptotically normal under a broad class of (possibly non elliptical) actual innovation densities. No kernel density estimation i…
Case-cohort design, an outcome-dependent sampling design for censored survival data, is increasingly used in biomedical research. The development of asymptotic theory for a case-cohort design in the current literature primarily relies on counting process stochastic integrals. Such an approach, however, is rather limited and lacks theoretical justification for outcome-dependent weighted methods due to non-predictability. Instead of stochastic integrals, we derive asymptotic properties for case-cohort studies based on a general Z-estimation theory for semiparametric models with bundled parameter…
It was shown that when one disposes of a parametric information of the truncation distribution, the semiparametric estimator of the distribution function for truncated data (Wang, 1989) is more efficient than the nonparametric one. On the basis of this estimation method, we derive an estimator for the tail index of Pareto-type distributions that are randomly right-truncated and establish its consistency and asymptotic normality. The finite sample behavior of the proposed estimator is carried out by simulation study. We point out that, in terms of both bias and root of the mean squared error, o…
Consider the semiparametric transformation model $Λ_{θ_o}(Y)=m(X)+ε$, where $θ_o$ is an unknown finite dimensional parameter, the functions $Λ_{θ_o}$ and $m$ are smooth, $ε$ is independent of $X$, and $\esp(ε)=0$. We propose a kernel-type estimator of the density of the error $ε$, and prove its asymptotic normality. The estimated errors, which lie at the basis of this estimator, are obtained from a profile likelihood estimator of $θ_o$ and a nonparametric kernel estimator of $m$. The practical performance of the proposed density estimator is evaluated in a simulation study.
Consider $M$-estimation in a semiparametric model that is characterized by a Euclidean parameter of interest and an infinite-dimensional nuisance parameter. As a general purpose approach to statistical inferences, the bootstrap has found wide applications in semiparametric $M$-estimation and, because of its simplicity, provides an attractive alternative to the inference approach based on the asymptotic distribution theory. The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical justifications for the use of bootstrap as a semiparametric inferential tool. We show that, under general conditions, the…
In this article, we consider an imputation method to handle missing response values based on semiparametric quantile regression estimation. In the proposed method, the missing response values are generated using the estimated conditional quantile regression function at given values of covariates. We adopt the generalized method of moments for estimation of parameters defined through a general estimation equation. We demonstrate that the proposed estimator, which combines both semiparametric quantile regression imputation and generalized method of moments, has competitive edge against some of t…
A common practice in obtaining a semiparametric efficient estimate is through iteratively maximizing the (penalized) log-likelihood w.r.t. its Euclidean parameter and functional nuisance parameter via Newton-Raphson algorithm. The purpose of this paper is to provide a formula in calculating the minimal number of iterations $k^\ast$ needed to produce an efficient estimate $\hatθ_n^{(k^\ast)}$ from a theoretical point of view. We discover that (a) $k^\ast$ depends on the convergence rates of the initial estimate and nuisance estimate; (b) more than $k^\ast$ iterations, i.e., $k$, will only impro…
We introduce a semiparametric ``tubular neighborhood'' of a parametric model in the multinomial setting. It consists of all multinomial distributions lying in a distance-based neighborhood of the parametric model of interest. Fitting such a tubular model allows one to use a parametric model while treating it as an approximation to the true distribution. In this paper, the Kullback--Leibler distance is used to build the tubular region. Based on this idea one can define the distance between the true multinomial distribution and the parametric model to be the index of fit. The paper develops a li…
This paper revisits the classical inference results for profile quasi maximum likelihood estimators (profile MLE) in the semiparametric estimation problem. We mainly focus on two prominent theorems: the Wilks phenomenon and Fisher expansion for the profile MLE are stated in a new fashion allowing finite samples and model misspecification. The method of study is also essentially different from the usual analysis of the semiparametric problem based on the notion of the hardest parametric submodel. Instead we derive finite sample deviation bounds for the linear approximation error for the gradien…
We consider parameter estimation in a regression model corresponding to an iid sequence of censored observations of a finite state modulated renewal process. The model assumes a similar form as in Cox regression except that the baseline intensities are functions of the backwards recurrence time of the process and a time dependent covariate. As a result of this it falls outside the class of multiplicative intensity models. We use kernel estimation to construct estimates of the regression coefficints and the baseline cumulative hazards. We give conditions for consistency and asymptotic normality…
Nonparametric methods have been very popular in the last couple of decades in time series and regression, but no such development has taken place for spatial models. A rather obvious reason for this is the curse of dimensionality. For spatial data on a grid evaluating the conditional mean given its closest neighbors requires a four-dimensional nonparametric regression. In this paper a semiparametric spatial regression approach is proposed to avoid this problem. An estimation procedure based on combining the so-called marginal integration technique with local linear kernel estimation is develop…
We study semiparametric inference in some linear regression models with time-varying coefficients, dependent regressors and dependent errors. This problem, which has been considered recently by Zhang and Wu (2012) under the functional dependence measure, is interesting for parsimony reasons or for testing stability of some coefficients in a linear regression model. In this paper, we propose a different procedure for estimating non time-varying parameters at the rate root n, in the spirit of the method introduced by Robinson (1988) for partially linear models. When the errors in the model are m…
An important and yet difficult problem in fitting multivariate mixture models is determining the mixture complexity. We develop theory and a unified framework for finding the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator of a multivariate mixing distribution and consequently estimating the mixture complexity. Multivariate mixtures provide a flexible approach to fitting high-dimensional data while offering data reduction through the number, location and shape of the component densities. The central principle of our method is to cast the mixture maximization problem in the concave optimization fram…
We disucss a statistical estimation problem of an optimal dividend barrier when the surplus process follows a Lévy insurance risk process. The optimal dividend barrier is defined as the level of the barrier that maximizes the expectation of the present value of all dividend payments until ruin. In this paper, an estimatior of the expected present value of all dividend payments is defined based on ``quasi-process'' in which sample paths are generated by shuffling increments of a sample path of the Lévy insurance risk process. The consistency of the optimal dividend barrier estimator is shown. M…
The bootstrap variance estimate is widely used in semiparametric inferences. However, its theoretical validity is a well known open problem. In this paper, we provide a {\em first} theoretical study on the bootstrap moment estimates in semiparametric models. Specifically, we establish the bootstrap moment consistency of the Euclidean parameter which immediately implies the consistency of $t$-type bootstrap confidence set. It is worth pointing out that the only additional cost to achieve the bootstrap moment consistency in contrast with the distribution consistency is to simply strengthen the $…
In this paper, we mainly discuss the cure model with survival data. Different from the usual survival data with right-censoring, we incorporate the features of left-truncation and measurement error in covariates. Generally speaking, left-truncation causes a biased sample in survival analysis; measurement error in covariates may incur a tremendous bias if we do not deal with it properly. To deal with these challenges, we propose a flexible way to analyze left-truncated survival data and correct measurement error in covariates. The theoretical results are also established in this paper.
This paper provides a semiparametric model of estimating states of the volatility defined as the squared diffusion coefficient of a stochastic differential equation. Without assuming any functional form of the volatility function, we consider the volatility state as an unobservable state in a state space model and estimate it by filtering. By using the estimates, we can draw the information on what kind of functions the volatility has behind the observable state of the process. We also prove the consistency of the model in the sense that estimated states converges to the true ones as the obser…
The complexity of semiparametric models poses new challenges to statistical inference and model selection that frequently arise from real applications. In this work, we propose new estimation and variable selection procedures for the semiparametric varying-coefficient partially linear model. We first study quantile regression estimates for the nonparametric varying-coefficient functions and the parametric regression coefficients. To achieve nice efficiency properties, we further develop a semiparametric composite quantile regression procedure. We establish the asymptotic normality of proposed …
We consider efficient estimation of the Euclidean parameters in a generalized partially linear additive models for longitudinal/clustered data when multiple covariates need to be modeled nonparametrically, and propose an estimation procedure based on a spline approximation of the nonparametric part of the model and the generalized estimating equations (GEE). Although the model in consideration is natural and useful in many practical applications, the literature on this model is very limited because of challenges in dealing with dependent data for nonparametric additive models. We show that the…
A Bernstein-von Mises theorem is derived for general semiparametric functionals. The result is applied to a variety of semiparametric problems in i.i.d. and non-i.i.d. situations. In particular, new tools are developed to handle semiparametric bias, in particular for nonlinear functionals and in cases where regularity is possibly low. Examples include the squared $L^2$-norm in Gaussian white noise, nonlinear functionals in density estimation, as well as functionals in autoregressive models. For density estimation, a systematic study of BvM results for two important classes of priors is provide…
A class of R-estimators based on the concepts of multivariate signed ranks and the optimal rank-based tests developed in Hallin and Paindaveine [Ann. Statist. 34 (2006)] is proposed for the estimation of the shape matrix of an elliptical distribution. These R-estimators are root-n consistent under any radial density g, without any moment assumptions, and semiparametrically efficient at some prespecified density f. When based on normal scores, they are uniformly more efficient than the traditional normal-theory estimator based on empirical covariance matrices (the asymptotic normality of which,…
This paper considers the efficient estimation of copula-based semiparametric strictly stationary Markov models. These models are characterized by nonparametric invariant (one-dimensional marginal) distributions and parametric bivariate copula functions where the copulas capture temporal dependence and tail dependence of the processes. The Markov processes generated via tail dependent copulas may look highly persistent and are useful for financial and economic applications. We first show that Markov processes generated via Clayton, Gumbel and Student's $t$ copulas and their survival copulas are…
This paper is devoted to the parametric estimation of a shift together with the nonparametric estimation of a regression function in a semiparametric regression model. We implement a very efficient and easy to handle Robbins-Monro procedure. On the one hand, we propose a stochastic algorithm similar to that of Robbins-Monro in order to estimate the shift parameter. A preliminary evaluation of the regression function is not necessary to estimate the shift parameter. On the other hand, we make use of a recursive Nadaraya-Watson estimator for the estimation of the regression function. This kernel…
Regularly varying space-time processes have proved useful to study extremal dependence in space-time data. We propose a semiparametric estimation procedure based on a closed form expression of the extremogram to estimate parametric models of extremal dependence functions. We establish the asymptotic properties of the resulting parameter estimates and propose subsampling procedures to obtain asymptotically correct confidence intervals. A simulation study shows that the proposed procedure works well for moderate sample sizes and is robust to small departures from the underlying model. Finally, w…
This paper deals with a situation when one is interested in the dependence structure of a multidimensional response variable in the presence of a multivariate covariate. It is assumed that the covariate affects only the marginal distributions through regression models while the dependence structure, which is described by a copula, is unaffected. A parametric estimation of the copula function is considered with focus on the maximum pseudo-likelihood method. It is proved that under some appropriate regularity assumptions the estimator calculated from the residuals is asymptotically equivalent to…
This paper considers a wide family of semiparametric repeated measures regression models, in which the main interest is on estimating population-level quantities such as mean, variance, probabilities etc. Examples of our framework include generalized linear models for clustered/longitudinal data, among many others. We derive plug-in kernel-based estimators of the population level quantities and derive their asymptotic distribution. An example involving estimation of the survival function of hemoglobin measures in the Kenya hemoglobin study data is presented to demonstrate our methodology.
In many semiparametric models that are parameterized by two types of parameters---a Euclidean parameter of interest and an infinite-dimensional nuisance parameter---the two parameters are bundled together, that is, the nuisance parameter is an unknown function that contains the parameter of interest as part of its argument. For example, in a linear regression model for censored survival data, the unspecified error distribution function involves the regression coefficients. Motivated by developing an efficient estimating method for the regression parameters, we propose a general sieve M-theorem…
We consider estimation in a particular semiparametric regression model for the mean of a counting process with ``panel count'' data. The basic model assumption is that the conditional mean function of the counting process is of the form $E\{\mathbb{N}(t)|Z\}=\exp(β_0^TZ)Λ_0(t)$ where $Z$ is a vector of covariates and $Λ_0$ is the baseline mean function. The ``panel count'' observation scheme involves observation of the counting process $\mathbb{N}$ for an individual at a random number $K$ of random time points; both the number and the locations of these time points may differ across individual…
We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the Nadaraya-Watson estimator for the estimation of the regression function in a semiparametric regression model. On the one hand, we make use of the recursive version of the sliced inverse regression method for the estimation of the unknown parameter of the model. On the other hand, we implement a recursive Nadaraya-Watson procedure for the estimation of the regression function which takes into account the previous estimation of the parameter of the semiparametric regression model. We establish the almost sure convergence as well as the asymptotic nor…
The problem of estimating the shift (or, equivalently, the center of symmetry) of an unknown symmetric and periodic function $f$ observed in Gaussian white noise is considered. Using the blockwise Stein method, a penalized profile likelihood with a data-driven penalization is introduced so that the estimator of the center of symmetry is defined as the maximizer of the penalized profile likelihood. This estimator has the advantage of being independent of the functional class to which the signal $f$ si assumed to belong and, furthermore, is shown to be semiparametrically adaptive and efficient. …
In this article, we study a partially linear single-index model for longitudinal data under a general framework which includes both the sparse and dense longitudinal data cases. A semiparametric estimation method based on a combination of the local linear smoothing and generalized estimation equations (GEE) is introduced to estimate the two parameter vectors as well as the unknown link function. Under some mild conditions, we derive the asymptotic properties of the proposed parametric and nonparametric estimators in different scenarios, from which we find that the convergence rates and asympto…
Interval-censored multi-state data arise in many studies of chronic diseases, where the health status of a subject can be characterized by a finite number of disease states and the transition between any two states is only known to occur over a broad time interval. We formulate the effects of potentially time-dependent covariates on multi-state processes through semiparametric proportional intensity models with random effects. We adopt nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation (NPMLE) under general interval censoring and develop a stable expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. We show that …
We consider in this paper a contamined regression model where the distribution of the contaminating component is known when the Eu- clidean parameters of the regression model, the noise distribution, the contamination ratio and the distribution of the design data are un- known. Our model is said to be semiparametric in the sense that the probability density function (pdf) of the noise involved in the regression model is not supposed to belong to a parametric density family. When the pdf's of the noise and the contaminating phenomenon are supposed to be symmetric about zero, we propose an estim…
We consider a common-components model for multivariate fractional cointegration, in which the $s\geq1$ components have different memory parameters. The cointegrating rank may exceed 1. We decompose the true cointegrating vectors into orthogonal fractional cointegrating subspaces such that vectors from distinct subspaces yield cointegrating errors with distinct memory parameters. We estimate each cointegrating subspace separately, using appropriate sets of eigenvectors of an averaged periodogram matrix of tapered, differenced observations, based on the first $m$ Fourier frequencies, with $m$ fi…
The detectors in mass spectrometers are precise enough to count ion events. In practice, the statistics of chemical noise are affected by large quantization errors and overdispersion because of amplification in the detector. The detector signal is modelled as X =floor(t N) where N represents integer-valued ion counts and t represents the gain parameter. When t <= 1, the gain parameter cannot be recovered without a priori information on N. When t > 1 however, we introduce compatible lattices and derive an estimator for t that is optimal, independent of N and enables subsequent analyses of the i…
Analysis of survival data with biased samples caused by left-truncation or length-biased sampling has received extensive interest. Many inference methods have been developed for various survival models. These methods, however, break down when survival data are typically error-contaminated. Although error-prone survival data commonly arise in practice, little work has been available in the literature for handling length-biased data with measurement error. In survival analysis, the transformation model is one of the frequently used models. However, methods of analyzing the transformation model w…
Suppose that univariate data are drawn from a mixture of two distributions that are equal up to a shift parameter. Such a model is known to be nonidentifiable from a nonparametric viewpoint. However, if we assume that the unknown mixed distribution is symmetric, we obtain the identifiability of this model, which is then defined by four unknown parameters: the mixing proportion, two location parameters and the cumulative distribution function of the symmetric mixed distribution. We propose estimators for these four parameters when no training data is available. Our estimators are shown to be st…
In this paper we consider a heteroscedastic transformation model, where the transformation belongs to a parametric family of monotone transformations, the regression and variance function are modelled nonparametrically and the error is independent of the multidimensional covariates. In this model, we first consider the estimation of the unknown components of the model, namely the transformation parameter, regression and variance function and the distribution of the error. We show the asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators. Second, we propose tests for the validity of the model, and es…
In this paper we study the problem of statistical inference on the parameters of the semiparametric variance-mean mixtures. This class of mixtures has recently become rather popular in statistical and financial modelling. We design a semiparametric estimation procedure that first estimates the mean of the underlying normal distribution and then recovers nonparametrically the density of the corresponding mixing distribution. We illustrate the performance of our procedure on simulated and real data.
We consider a semiparametric generalized linear model and study estimation of both marginal and quantile effects in this model. We propose an approximate maximum likelihood estimator, and rigorously establish the consistency, the asymptotic normality, and the semiparametric efficiency of our method in both the marginal effect and the quantile effect estimation. Simulation studies are conducted to illustrate the finite sample performance, and we apply the new tool to analyze a Swiss non-labor income data and discover a new interesting predictor.
Using the classical estimation method of moments, we propose a new semiparametric estimation procedure for multi-parameter copula models. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the obtained estimators are established. By considering an Archimedean copula model, an extensive simulation study, comparing these estimators with the pseudo maximum likelihood, rho-inversion and tau-inversion ones, is carried out. We show that, with regards to the other methods, the moment based estimation is quick and simple to use with reasonable bias and root mean squared error.
Causal inference is a critical research area with multi-disciplinary origins and applications, ranging from statistics, computer science, economics, psychology to public health. In many scientific research, randomized experiments provide a golden standard for estimation of causal effects for decades. However, in many situations, randomized experiments are not feasible in practice so that practitioners need to rely on empirical investigation for causal reasoning. Causal inference via observational data is a challenging task since the knowledge of the treatment assignment mechanism is missing, w…
We consider the estimation of dynamic discrete choice models in a semiparametric setting, in which the per-period utility functions are known up to a finite number of parameters, but the distribution of utility shocks is left unspecified. This semiparametric setup differs from most of the existing identification and estimation literature for dynamic discrete choice mod- els. To show identification we derive and exploit a new Bellman-like recursive representation for the unknown quantile function of the utility shocks. Our estimators are straightforward to compute; some are simple and require n…
We propose a semiparametric mixture model to estimate local false discovery rates in multiple testing problems. The two pilars of the proposed approach are Efron's empirical null principle and log-concave density estimation for the alternative distribution. Compared to existing methods, our method can be easily extended to high dimension. Simulation results show that our method outperforms other existing methods and we illustrate its use via case studies in astronomy and microarray.
When the response mechanism is believed to be not missing at random (NMAR), a valid analysis requires stronger assumptions on the response mechanism than standard statistical methods would otherwise require. Semiparametric estimators have been developed under the model assumptions on the response mechanism. In this paper, a new statistical test is proposed to guarantee model identifiability without using any instrumental variable. Furthermore, we develop optimal semiparametric estimation for parameters such as the population mean. Specifically, we propose two semiparametric optimal estimators …
Motivated by studies in biological sciences to detect differentially expressed genes, a semiparametric two-component mixture model with one known component is being studied in this paper. Assuming the density of the unknown component to be log-concave, which contains a very broad family of densities, we develop a semiparametric maximum likelihood estimator and propose an EM algorithm to compute it. Our new estimation method finds the mixing proportions and the distribution of the unknown component simultaneously. We establish the identifiability of the proposed semiparametric mixture model and…
