Let R be a ring, M a left R-module, I an infinite set, N either the direct sum or product of |I| copies of M, and E the endomorphism ring of N as a left R-module. In this note it is shown that E is not the union of a chain of |I| or fewer proper subrings, and also that given a generating set U for E as a ring, there exists a positive integer n such that every element of E is represented by a ring word of length at most n in elements of U.
We prove that every endomorphism of an infinite-dimensional vector space splits as the sum of four idempotents and as the sum of four square-zero endomorphisms, a result that is optimal in general.
Let $V$ be an infinite-dimensional vector space over a field. In a previous article, we have shown that every endomorphism of $V$ splits into the sum of four square-zero ones but also into the sum of four idempotent ones. Here, we study decompositions into sums of three endomorphisms with prescribed split annihilating polynomials with degree $2$. Except for endomorphisms that are the sum of a scalar multiple of the identity and of a finite-rank endomorphism, we achieve a simple characterization of such sums. In particular, we give a simple characterization of the endomorphisms that split into …
Endomorphism rings of modules appear as the center of a ring, as the fix ring of ring with group action or as the subring of constants of a derivation. This note discusses the question whether certain *-prime modules (introduced by Bican et al.) have a prime endomorphism ring. Several conditions are presented that guarantee the primness of the endomorphism ring. The contours of a possible example of a *-prime module whose endomorphism ring is not prime are traced.
Let $V$ be a vector space with countable dimension over a field, and let $u$ be an endomorphism of it which is locally finite, i.e. $(u^k(x))_{k \geq 0}$ is linearly dependent for all $x$ in $V$. We give several necessary and sufficient conditions for the decomposability of $u$ into the sum of two square-zero endomorphisms. Moreover, if $u$ is invertible, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the decomposability of $u$ into the product of two involutions, as well as for the decomposability of $u$ into the product of two unipotent endomorphisms of index $2$. Our results essentially ex…
We study Abelian groups $A$ with centrally essential endomorphism ring $\text{End}\,A$. If $A$ is a such group which is either a torsion group or a non-reduced group, then the ring $\text{End}\,A$ is commutative. We give examples of Abelian torsion-free groups of finite rank with non-commutative centrally essential endomorphism rings. The paper will appear in Communications in Algebra.
The notion of ring endomorphisms having large images is introduced. Among others, injectivity and surjectivity of such endomorphisms are studied. It is proved, in particular, that an endomorphism S of a prime one-sided noetherian ring R is injective whenever the image S (R) contains an essential left ideal L of R. If additionally S(L) = L, then S is an automorphism of R. Examples showing that the assumptions imposed on R can not be weakened to R being a prime left Goldie ring are provided. Two open questions are formulated.
Let $M_R$ be an injective right module over a ring $R$. The goal of this paper to prove that the endomorphism ring $S=(M_R)$ of $M$ is quasi-duo if and only if $M_R$ is square-free.
We investigate conditions under which the endomorphism ring of the Leavitt path algebra $L_{K}(E)$ possesses various ring and module-theoretical properties such as being von Neumann regular, $π$-regular, strongly $π$-regular or self-injective. We also describe conditions under which $L_{K}(E)$ is continuous as well as automorphism invariant as a right $L_{K}(E)$-module.
We prove that if $u:K \rightarrow M$ is a left minimal extension, then there exists an isomorphism between two subrings, $\textrm{End}_R^M(K)$ and $\textrm{End}_R^K(M)$ of $\textrm{End}_R(K)$ and $\textrm{End}_R(M)$ respectively, modulo their Jacobson radicals. This isomorphism is used to deduce properties of the endomorphism ring of $K$ from those of the endomorphism ring of $M$ in certain situations such us when $K$ is invariant under endomorphisms of $M,$ or when $K$ is invariant under automorphisms of $M$.
We examine those matrix rings whose entries lie in periodic rings equipped with some additional properties. Specifically, we prove that the famous Diesl's question whether or not $R$ being nil-clean implies that $\mathbb{M}_n(R)$ is nil-clean for all $n\geq 1$ is paralleling to the corresponding implication for (Abelian, local) periodic rings. Besides, we study when the endomorphism ring $\mathrm{E}(G)$ of an Abelian group $G$ is periodic. Concretely, we establish that $\mathrm{E}(G)$ is periodic exactly when $G$ is finite as well as we find a complete necessary and sufficient condition when t…
Monogeny classes and epigeny classes have proved to be useful in the study of direct sums of uniserial modules and other classes of modules. In this paper, we show that they also turn out to be useful in the study of direct products.
An associative ring with 1 is said to be semilocal provided it is semisimple artinian modulo its Jacobson radical, that is, modulo its Jacobson radical it is isomorphic to a finite product of matrices over division rings. Modules with a semilocal endomorphism ring inherit some properties of semisimple modules. For example, they can be decomposed into a finite direct sum of indecomposable submodules, such decomposition is not unique but there are only a finite number of different ones, they cancel from direct sums and they satisfy the n-th root uniqueness property. A ring homomorphism is said t…
Let $V$ be a finite-dimensional vector space over a field $\mathbb{F}$, equipped with a symmetric or alternating non-degenerate bilinear form $b$. When the characteristic of $\mathbb{F}$ is not $2$, we characterize the endomorphisms $u$ of $V$ that split into $u=a_1+a_2$ for some pair $(a_1,a_2)$ of $b$-selfadjoint (respectively, $b$-skew-selfadjoint) endomorphisms of $V$ such that $(a_1)^2=(a_2)^2=0$. In the characteristic $2$ case, we obtain a similar classification for the endomorphisms of $V$ that split into the sum of two square-zero $b$-alternating endomorphisms of $V$ when $b$ is altern…
A ring $R$ is strongly clean provided that every element in $R$ is the sum of an idempotent and a unit that commutate. Let $T_n(R,σ)$ be the skew triangular matrix ring over a local ring $R$ where $σ$ is an endomorphism of $R$. We show that $T_2(R,σ)$ is strongly clean if and only if for any $a\in 1+J(R), b\in J(R)$, $l_a-r_{σ(b)}: R\to R$ is surjective. Further, $T_3(R,σ)$ is strongly clean if $l_{a}-r_{σ(b)}, l_{a}-r_{σ^2(b)}$ and $l_{b}-r_{σ(a)}$ are surjective for any $a\in U(R),b\in J(R)$. The necessary condition for $T_3(R,σ)$ to be strongly clean is also obtained.
A module is called automorphism-invariant if it is invariant under any automorphism of its injective hull. Dickson and Fuller have shown that if $R$ is a finite-dimensional algebra over a field $\mathbb F$ with more than two elements then an indecomposable automorphism-invariant right $R$-module must be quasi-injective. In this note, we extend and simplify the proof of this result by showing that any automorphism-invariant module over an algebra over a field with more than two elements is quasi-injective. Our proof is based on the study of the additive unit structure of endomorphism rings.
It is proved that if A_p is a countable elementary abelian p-group, then: (i) The ring End(A_p) does not admit a nondiscrete locally compact ring topology. (ii) Under (CH) the simple ring End(A_p)/I, where I is the ideal of End(A_p) consisting of all endomorphisms with finite images, does not admit a nondiscrete locally compact ring topology. (iii) The finite topology on End(A_p) is the only second metrizable ring topology on it. Moreover, a characterization of completely simple endomorphism rings of the endomorphism rings of modules over commutative rings is also obtained.
A ring $R$ is said to be an almost Armendariz ring if whenever product of two polynomials in $R[x]$ is zero, then product of their coefficients are in $N_{*}(R)$. In this article, for an endomorphism $α$ on $R$, we define an $α$-almost Armendariz ring of $R$ considering the polynomials in skew polynomial ring $R[x; α]$ instead of $R[x]$. It is the generalisation of an almost Armendariz ring [9] and an $α$-Armendariz ring [4]. Moreover, for an endomorphism $α$ of $R$, we define an $α$-skew almost Armendariz ring, and prove that a reversible ring $R$ with certain condition on endomorphism $α$, i…
We propose the notion of partial resolution of a ring, which is by definition the endomorphism ring of a certain generator of the given ring. We prove that the singularity category of the partial resolution is a quotient of the singularity category of the given ring. Consequences and examples are given.
We prove that the centralizer Cen(f) in Hom_R(M,M) of a nilpotent endomorphism f of a finitely generated semisimple left R-module M (over an arbitrary ring R) is the homomorphic image of the opposite of a certain Z(R)-subalgebra of the full m x m matrix algebra M_m(R[z]), where m is the dimension (composition length) of ker(f). If R is a local ring, then we provide an explicit description of the above Cen(f). If in addition Z(R) is a field and R/J(R) is finite dimensional over Z(R), then we give a formula for the Z(R)-dimension of Cen(f). If R is a local ring, f is as above and g is an arbitra…
In this paper we give a small review of some recent results of elementary equivalence of linear and algebraic groups and our last new results of elementary equivalence of categories of modules, endomorphism rings of modules, lattices of submodules of modules, and automorphism groups of modules.
We use the type theory for rings of operators due to Kaplansky to describe the structure of modules that are invariant under automorphisms of their injective envelopes. Also, we highlight the importance of Boolean rings in the study of such modules. As a consequence of this approach, we are able to further the study initiated by Dickson and Fuller regarding when a module invariant under automorphisms of its injective envelope is invariant under any endomorphism of it. In particular, we find conditions for several classes of noetherian rings which ensure that modules invariant under automorphis…
According to an old result of Albert and Muckenhoupt, the commutators in the endomorphism ring of a finite dimensional vector space are precisely the elements of trace zero. We replace the finite dimensional vector space with a complex of finite dimensional vector spaces, and characterize commutators and other elements with commutator-like properties in terms of appropriately defined traces.
Let R be a ring, M a nonzero left R-module, X an infinite set, and E the endomorphism ring of the direct sum of copies of M indexed by X. Given two subrings S and S' of E, we will say that S is equivalent to S' if there exists a finite subset U of E such that the subring generated by S and U is equal to the subring generated by S' and U. We show that if M is simple and X is countable, then the subrings of E that are closed in the function topology and contain the diagonal subring of E (consisting of elements that take each copy of M to itself) fall into exactly two equivalence classes, with re…
We provide a variant of Baer's theorem about isomorphism of endomorphism rings of vector spaces over division rings, where the full endomorphism rings are replaced by some subrings of finitary maps.
This paper is devoted to the study of the endo-structure of infinite direct sums $\bigoplus_{i \in I} M_i$ of indecomposable modules $M_i$ over a ring $R$. It is centered on the following question: If $S = \text{End}_R \bigl( \bigoplus_{i \in I} M_i \bigr)$, how much pressure, in terms of the $S$-structure of $\bigoplus_{i \in I} M_i$, is required to force the $M_i$ into finitely many isomorphism classes? In case the $M_i$ are endofinite (i.e., of finite length over their endomorphism rings), the number of isomorphism classes among the $M_i$ is finite if and only if $\bigoplus_{i \in I} M_i$ i…
In this work we study the automorphisms of skew $PBW$ extensions and skew quantum polynomials. We use Artamonov's works as reference for getting the principal results about automorphisms for generic skew $PBW$ extensions and generic skew quantum polynomials. In general, if we have an endomorphism on a generic skew $PBW$ extension and there are some $x_i,x_j,x_u$ such that the endomorphism is not zero on this elements and the principal coefficients are invertible, then endomorphism act over $x_i$ as $a_ix_i$ for some $a_i$ in the ring of coefficients. Of course, this is valid for quantum polyno…
We compute the Whitehead groups of the associative rings in a class which includes (twisted) formal power series rings and the augmentation localizations of group rings and polynomial rings. For any associative ring A, we obtain an invariant of a pair (P,α) where P is a finitely generated projective A-module and α:P \to P is an endomorphism. This invariant determines (P,α) up to extensions, yielding a computation of the (reduced) endomorphism class group of A. We also refine the analysis by Pajitnov and Ranicki of the Whitehead group of the Novikov ring.
An interchange ring,(R,+,*)is an abelian group with a second binary operation defined so that the interchange law (x+y)*(u+v)=(x*u)+(y*v)holds. An interchange near ring is the same structure based on a group which may not be abelian. It is shown that given any group,G,each interchange(near)ring based on that group is formed from a pair of endomorphisms of G whose images commute, and that all interchange (near)rings based on G can be characterized in this manner. To obtain an associative interchange ring, the endomorphisms must be commuting idempotents in the endomorphism semigroup of G. When G…
We prove that for a large class of well-behaved cocomplete categories $\mathcal C$ the weak and strong Drinfeld centers of the monoidal category $\mathcal{E}$ of cocontinuous endofunctors of $\mathcal{C}$ coincide. This generalizes similar results in the literature, where $\mathcal{C}$ is the category of modules over a ring $A$ and hence $\mathcal{E}$ is the category of $A$-bimodules.
For $V$ a vector space over a field, or more generally, over a division ring, it is well-known that every $x\in\mathrm{End}(V)$ has an <i>inner inverse</i>, i.e., an element $y\in\mathrm{End}(V)$ satisfying $xyx=x.$ We show here that a large class of such $x$ have inner inverses $y$ that satisfy with $x$ an infinite family of additional monoid relations, making the monoid generated by $x$ and $y$ what is known as an <i>inverse monoid</i> (definition recalled). We obtain consequences of these relations, and related results. P. Nielsen and J. Šter, in a paper to appear, show that a much larger c…
We combine a combinatorial idea of Benjamin Weiss and some localization theory of Grothendieck categories to give a short and completely self-contained proof of the following recent result of Hanfeng Li and Bingbing Liang: Given a left Noetherian ring $R$ and a sofic group $G$, the group-ring $R[G]$ is stably finite.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for an Ore extension $S=R[x;\si,\de]$ to be a {\rm PI} ring are given in the case $\si$ is an injective endomorphism of a semiprime ring $R$ satisfying the {\rm ACC} on annihilators. Also, for an arbitrary endomorphism $τ$ of $R$, a characterization of Ore extensions $R[x;τ]$ which are {\rm PI} rings is given, provided the coefficient ring $R$ is noetherian.
Rings with Clean-Like Properties: Endomorphism, Matrix and Structural Theorems
Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University（喀山（伏尔加沿岸）联邦大学）；Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics, Tomsk State University（托木斯克国立大学数学与力学系）；Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences（保加利亚科学院数学与信息学研究所）
We give a characterization of those abelian groups which are direct sums of cyclic groups and the Jacobson radical of their endomorphism rings are closed. A complete characterization of $p$-groups $A$ for which $(EndA,\mathcal T_L)$ is locally compact, where $\mathcal T_L$ is the Liebert topology on $EndA$, is given. We prove that if $A$ is a countable elementary $p$-group then $EndA$ has a non-admissible ring topology. To every functorial topology on $A$ a right bounded ring topology on $EndA$ is attached. By using this topology we construct on $EndA$ a non-metrizable and non-admissibe ring t…
In this paper we compute the sum of the $k$-th powers over any finite commutative unital rings, thus generalizing known results for finite fields, the rings of integers modulo $n$ or the ring of Gaussian integers modulo $n$. As an application we focus on quotient rings of the form $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}[x]/(f(x))$ for any polynomial $f\in\mathbb{Z}[x]$
The main result is Theorem: Let A be an R-algebra, mu, lambda be cardinals such that |A|<=mu=mu^{aleph_0}<lambda<=2^mu. If A is aleph_0-cotorsion-free or A is countably free, respectively, then there exists an aleph_0-cotorsion-free or a separable (reduced, torsion-free) R-module G respectively of cardinality |G|=lambda with End_RG=A oplus Fin G.
It is shown that the Baer-Kaplansky theorem can be extended to all abelian groups provided that the rings of endomorphisms of groups are replaced by trusses of endomorphisms of corresponding heaps. That is, every abelian group is determined up to isomorphism by its endomorphism truss and every isomorphism between two endomorphism trusses associated to some abelian groups $G$ and $H$ is induced by an isomorphism between $G$ and $H$ and an element from $H$. This correspondence is then extended to all modules over a ring by considering heaps of modules. It is proved that the truss of endomorphism…
We establish formulas for computation of the higher algebraic $K$-groups of the endomorphism rings of objects linked by a morphism in an additive category. Let ${\mathcal C}$ be an additive category, and let $Y\ra X$ be a covariant morphism of objects in ${\mathcal C}$. Then $K_n\big(_{\mathcal C}(X\oplus Y)\big)\simeq K_n\big(_{{\mathcal C},Y}(X)\big)\oplus K_n\big(_{\mathcal C}(Y)\big)$ for all $1\le n\in \mathbb{N}$, where $_{{\mathcal C},Y}(X)$ is the quotient ring of the endomorphism ring $_{\mathcal C}(X)$ of $X$ modulo the ideal generated by all those endomorphisms of $X$ which factoriz…
We relate the endomorphism rings of certain $D$-elliptic sheaves of finite characteristic to hereditary orders in central division algebras over function fields.
In this paper we consider reduced (non-normal) commutative noetherian rings $R$. With the help of conductor ideals and trace ideals of certain $R$-modules we deduce a criterion for a reflexive $R$-module to be closed under multiplication with scalars in an integral extension of $R$. Using results of Greuel and Knörrer this yields a characterization of plane curves of finite Cohen--Macaulay type in terms of trace ideals. Further, we study one-dimensional local rings $(R,\mathfrak{m})$ such that that their normalization is isomorphic to the endomorphism ring $\mathrm{End}_R(\mathfrak{m})$: we gi…
Let $H$ be a Hopf algebra, $A/B$ be an $H$-Galois extension. Let $D(A)$ and $D(B)$ be the derived categories of right $A$-modules and of right $B$-modules respectively. An object $M^\cdot\in D(A)$ may be regarded as an object in $D(B)$ via the restriction functor. We discuss the relations of the derived endomorphism rings $E_A(M^\cdot)=\op_{i\in\mathbb{Z}}\Hom_{D(A)}(M^\cdot,M^\cdot[i])$ and $E_B(M^\cdot)=\op_{i\in\mathbb{Z}}\Hom_{D(B)}(M^\cdot,M^\cdot[i])$. If $H$ is a finite dimensional semisimple Hopf algebra, then $E_A(M^\cdot)$ is a graded subalgebra of $E_B(M^\cdot)$. In particular, if $…
In this paper, we will consider derived equivalences for differential graded endomorphism algebras by Keller's approaches. First we construct derived equivalences of differential graded algebras which are endomorphism algebras of the objects from a triangle in the homotopy category of differential graded algebras. We also obtain derived equivalences of differential graded endomorphism algebras from a standard derived equivalence of finite dimensional algebras. Moreover, under some conditions, the cohomology rings of these differential graded endomorphism algebras are also derived equivalent. T…
For a commutative local ring $R$, consider (noncommutative) $R$-algebras $Λ$ of the form $Λ= End_R(M)$ where $M$ is a reflexive $R$-module with nonzero free direct summand. Such algebras $Λ$ of finite global dimension can be viewed as potential substitutes for, or analogues of, a resolution of singularities of $Spec R$. For example, Van den Bergh has shown that a three-dimensional Gorenstein normal $C$-algebra with isolated terminal singularities has a crepant resolution of singularities if and only if it has such an algebra $Λ$ with finite global dimension and which is maximal Cohen--Macaulay…
We characterize the nil clean matrix rings over fields. As a by product, it is proved that the full matrix rings with coefficients in commutative nil-clean rings are nil-clean, and we obtain a complete characterization of the finite rank Abelian groups with nil clean endomorphism ring and the Abelian groups with strongly nil clean endomorphism ring, respectively.
