Florentin Smarandache
In this paper we generalize the intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS), paraconsistent set, and intuitionistic set to the neutrosophic set (NS). Several examples are presented. Also, a geometric interpretation of the Neutrosophic Set is given using a Neutrosophic Cube. Many distinctions between NS and IFS are underlined.
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In this paper we prove that Neutrosophic Set (NS) is an extension of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set (IFS) no matter if the sum of single-valued neutrosophic components is < 1, or > 1, or = 1. For the case when the sum of components is 1 (as in IFS), after applying the neutrosophic aggregation operators one gets a different result from that of applying the intuitionistic fuzzy operators, since the intuitionistic fuzzy operators ignore the indeterminacy, while the neutrosophic aggregation operators take into consideration the indeterminacy at the same level as truth-membership and falsehood-nonmembers…
One generalizes the intuitionistic fuzzy logic (IFL) and other logics to neutrosophic logic (NL). The distinctions between IFL and NL {and the corresponding intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) and neutrosophic set (NS) respectively} are presented.
The involvement of uncertainty of varying degrees when the total of the membership degree exceeds one or less than one, then the newer mathematical paradigm shift, Fuzzy Theory proves appropriate. For the past two or more decades, Fuzzy Theory has become the potent tool to study and analyze uncertainty involved in all problems. But, many real-world problems also abound with the concept of indeterminacy. In this book, the new, powerful tool of neutrosophy that deals with indeterminacy is utilized. Innovative neutrosophic models are described. The theory of neutrosophic graphs is introduced and …
Interval valued bipolar fuzzy weighted neutrosophic set(IVBFWN-set) is a new generalization of fuzzy set, bipolar fuzzy set, neutrosophic set and bipolar neutrosophic set so that it can handle uncertain information more flexibly in the process of decision making. Therefore, in this paper, we propose concept of IVBFWN-set and its operations. Also we give the IVBFWN-set average operator and IVBFWN-set geometric operator to aggregate the IVBFWN-sets, which can be considered as the generalizations of some existing ones under fuzzy, neutrosophic environments and so on. Finally, a decision making al…
This book is organized into four chapters. In Chapter One we just introduce the basic Fuzzy and Neutrosophic tools used in the analysis of the social evil of Untouchability. Since the notion of caste is based on themind, it is appropriate to use Fuzzy and Neutrosophic theory. In Chapter Two we use the opinion of several experts to analyze the various aspects of untouchability. Here, we use the tools that have been described in Chapter One. Fuzzy Directed Graphs and Neutrosophic Directed Graphs of these Fuzzy and Neutrosophic models happen to be very dense. We have represented 16 such graphs in…
The new concept of fuzzy interval matrices has been introduced in this book for the first time. The authors have not only introduced the notion of fuzzy interval matrices, interval neutrosophic matrices and fuzzy neutrosophic interval matrices but have also demonstrated some of its applications when the data under study is an unsupervised one and when several experts analyze the problem. Further, the authors have introduced in this book multiexpert models using these three new types of interval matrices. The new multi expert models dealt in this book are FCIMs, FRIMs, FCInMs, FRInMs, IBAMs, IB…
In this paper, the notion of the interval valued neutrosophic soft sets ($ivn-$soft sets) is defined which is a combination of an interval valued neutrosophic sets \cite{wan-05} and a soft sets \cite{mol-99}. Our $ivn-$soft sets generalizes the concept of the soft set, fuzzy soft set, interval valued fuzzy soft set, intuitionistic fuzzy soft set, interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft set and neutrosophic soft set. Then, we introduce some definitions and operations on $ivn-$soft sets sets. Some properties of $ivn-$soft sets which are connected to operations have been established. Also, the …
In this book the authors probe into Vedic Mathematics (a concept that gained renown in the period of the religious fanatic and revivalist Hindutva rule in India): and explore whether it is really 'Vedic' in origin or 'Mathematics' in content. We analyzed this problem using fuzzy models like Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM), Fuzzy Relational Maps (FRM) and the newly constructed fuzzy dynamical system (and its Neutrosophic analogue) that can analyze multi-experts opinion at a time using a single model. The issue of Vedic Mathematics involves religious politics, caste supremacy, apart from elementary a…
This book, in order to generalize the two models of fuzzy cognitive maps and neutrosophic cognitive maps, has systematically invented mathematical tools like bimatrices, trimatrices, n-matrices, bigraphs, trigraphs and n-graphs and describe some of its properties. These concepts are also extended neutrosophically in this book. Using these new tools we define fuzzy cognitive bimaps, fuzzy cognitive trimaps, fuzzy relational bimaps and fuzzy relational trimaps which exploit the new notions of bimatrices, bigraphs, trimatrices and trigraphs. It is worth mentioning that these can be extended to n-…
This book has six chapters. The first chapter gives a brief introduction about HIV/AIDS among rural women in Tamil Nadu. Chapter 2 is an analysis of the situation using fuzzy theory in general and Fuzzy Relational Maps (FRM)in particular. The FRM tool is specially chosen for two reasons: It can give the hidden pattern of the dynamical system and as the socio-economic condition of women infected with HIV/AIDS is interdependent we choose this special fuzzy tool called FRM. In Chapter 3, we use Fuzzy Associative Memories (FAM) to analyze the problem because FAM is the only fuzzy tool that can giv…
The introduction of Fuzzy Relational Equations (FREs) has made problems that were unsolvable using algebraic linear equations into solvable ones. FREs have been applied to problemsin medicine, industry, transportation and all types of social problems where the data is an unsupervised one. Yet, FREs lack the capacity to tackle problems where an element of indeterminacy is involved. This book develops the new concept of Neutrosophic Relational Equations (NREs) that have the capacity to analyze problems with indeterminacy. Here, earlier models on FREs are analyzed and new NRE models, with practic…
In this book we study the concepts of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) and their Neutrosophic analogue, the Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (NCMs).Fuzzy Cognitive Maps are fuzzy structures that strongly resemble neural networks, and they have powerful and far-reaching consequences as a mathematical tool for modeling complex systems. Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps are generalizations of FCMs, and their unique feature is the ability to handle indeterminacy in relations between two concepts thereby bringing greater sensitivity into the results. Some of the varied applications of FCMs and NCMs which has been …
Papers on neutrosophy (a generalization of dialectics), on neutrosophic logic, set, probability and statistics (generalizations of fuzzy logic, fuzzy set, and imprecise probability respectively), by Florentin Smarandache, Jean Dezert, S. Bhattacharya, Andrzej Buller, M. Khoshnevisan, S. Singh, Feng Liu, Gh. C. Dinulescu-Campina, Chris Lucas, and C. Gershenson.
This book is organized into seven chapters. Chapter one is introductory in content. The notion of neutrosophic set linear algebras and neutrosophic neutrosophic set linear algebras are introduced and their properties analysed in chapter two. Chapter three introduces the notion of neutrosophic semigroup linear algebras and neutrosophic group linear algebras. A study of their substructures are systematically carried out in this chapter. The fuzzy analogue of neutrosophic group linear algebras, neutrosophic semigroup linear algebras and neutrosophic set linear algebras are introduced in chapter f…
This book has seven chapters. The first chapter is introductory in nature and it speaks about the migrant labourers. In chapter two we use Fuzzy Cognitive Maps to analyze the socio-economic problems of HIV/AIDS infected migrant labourers in rural areas of Tamil Nadu. In chapter three we analyze the role played by the government helping these migrant labourers with HIV/AIDS and factors of migration and their vulnerability in catching HIV/AIDS. For the first time Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps are used in the study of migrant labourers who have become HIV/AIDS victims. This study is done in Chapter…
In this paper intuitionistic fuzzy ψ-ϕ-contractive mappings are introduced. Intuitionistic fuzzy Banach contraction theorem for M-complete non-Archimedean intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces and intuitionistic fuzzy Elelstein contraction theorem for non-Archimedean intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces by intuitionistic fuzzy ψ-ϕ-contractive mappings are proved.
This book introduces special classes of Fuzzy and Neutrosophic matrices. These special classes of matrices are used in the construction of multi-expert special fuzzy models using FCM, FRM and FRE and their Neutorosophic analogues (simultaneous or otherwise, according to ones need). Using the six basic models, we have constructed a multi-expert multi-model called the Super Special Hexagonal Fuzzy and Neutrosophic model. Given any special input vector, these models can give the resultant using special operations. When coupled with computer programming, these operations can give the solution with…
In this study different types of intuitionistic fuzzy continuities (IFCs) and intuitionistic fuzzy boundedness (IFBs) in intuitionistic fuzzy pseudo normed linear spaces are studied. Relations (intra and inter) on intuitionistic fuzzy continuities and intuitionistic fuzzy boundedness are investigated.
In this paper implication-based intuitionistic fuzzy finite state machine otherwise called as Implication-based intuitionistic fuzzy semiautomaton (IB-IFSA) over a finite group is defined and investigated intensively. The abstraction of implication-based intuitionistic fuzzy kernel and implication-based intuitionistic fuzzy subsemiautomaton of an IB-IFSA over a finite group are brought about using the notion of implication-based intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup and implication-based intuitionistic fuzzy normal subgroup. The necessary and sufficient condition for an implication-based intuitionisti…
Intuitionistic Fuzzy derivative, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Gateaux derivative, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Fréchet derivative are defined and a few of their properties are studied. The relation between Intuitionistic Fuzzy Gateaux derivative and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Fréchet derivative are emphasized.
A complex intuitionistic fuzzy Lie superalgebra is a generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy Lie super-algebra whose membership function takes values in the unit disk in the complex plane. In [4], we introduced and studied the concepts of complex intuitionistic fuzzy Lie sub-superalgebras and complex intuitionistic fuzzy ideals of Lie superalgebras. Moreover, we also, in [4], defined the image and preimage of complex intuitionistic fuzzy Lie sub-superalgebra under Lie superalgebra anti-homomorphism, and he investigated the properties of anti-complex intuitionistic fuzzy Lie sub-superalgebras an…
In this paper some fundamental relationships of a gamma semigroup and its operator semigroups in terms of intuitionistic fuzzy subsets, intuitionistic fuzzy ideals, intuitionistic fuzzy prime(semiprime) ideals, intuitionistic fuzzy ideal extensions are obtained. These are then used to obtain some important characterization theorems of gamma semigroups in terms of intuitionistic fuzzy subsets so as to highlight the role of operator semigroups in the study of gamma semigroups in terms of intuitionistic fuzzy subsets.
The notion of intuitionistic fuzzy sets was introduced by Atanassov as a generalization of the notion of fuzzy sets. Y.B. Jun and S.Z. Song introduced the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy points. In this paper we find some relations between the intuitionistic fuzzy ideals of a semigroup S and the set of all intuitionistic fuzzy points of S:
In respect of the definition of intuitionistic fuzzy n-norm \cite{Vijayabalaji}, the definition of generalised intuitionistic fuzzy $ψ$ norm (\, in short GIF$ψ$N \,) is introduced over a linear space and there after a few results on generalized intuitionistic fuzzy $ψ$ normed linear space and finite dimensional generalized intuitionistic fuzzy $ψ$ normed linear space have been developed. Lastly, we have introduced the definitions of generalised intuitionistic fuzzy $ψ$ continuity , sequentially intuitionistic fuzzy $ψ$ continuity and it is proved that they are equivalent.
Following the definition of intuitionistic fuzzy n-norm [ 3 ], we have introduced the definition of intuitionistic fuzzy norm (in short IFN) over a linear space and there after a few results on intuitionistic fuzzy normed linear space and finite dimensional intuitionistic fuzzy normed linear space. Lastly, we have introduced the definitions of intuitionistic fuzzy continuity and sequentially intuitionistic fuzzy continuity and proved that they are equivalen
The notion of Intuitionistic fuzzy hypervector space has been generalized and a few basic properties on this concept are studied. It has been shown that the intersection and union of an arbitrary family of Intuitionistic fuzzy hypervector spaces are also Intuitionistic fuzzy hypervector space. Lastly, the notion of a linear transformation on a hypervector space is introduced and established an important theorem relative to Intuitionistic fuzzy hypervector spaces.
In this paper, generalised intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets and relations on generalised intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets are defined and a few of their properties are studied. An application of generalised intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets in decision making with respect to degree of preference is investigated.
Smarandache (2003) introduced a new set-valued fuzzy logic called (nonstandard) neutrosophic logic by using Robinson's nonstandard analysis. However, its definition involved many errors including the illegal use of nonstandard analysis. In this paper, we provide a rigorous definition of neutrosophic logic. All the errors in the original definition are addressed. We then point out some paradoxes of neutrosophic logic. Finally we formulate neutrosophic logic with no use of nonstandard analysis.
After the introduction of fuzzy sets by Zadeh, there have been a number of generalizations of this fundamental concept. The notion of intuitionistic fuzzy sets introduced by Atanassov is one among them. In this paper, we apply the concept of an intuitionistic fuzzy set to $H_v$-modules. The notion of an intuitionistic fuzzy $H_v$-submodule of an $H_v$-module is introduced, and some related properties are investigated. Characterizations of intuitionistic fuzzy $H_v$-submodules are given.
Ranking of intuitionsitic fuzzy number plays a vital role in decision making and other intuitionistic fuzzy applications. In this paper, we propose a new ranking method of intuitionistic fuzzy number based on distance measure. We first define a distance measure for interval numbers based on Lp metric and further generalize the idea for intuitionistic fuzzy number by forming interval with their respective value and ambiguity indices. Finally, some comparative results are given in tabular form.
The notion of intuitionistic fuzzy sets was introduced by Atanassov as a generalization of the notion of fuzzy sets. S.K Sardar and S.K. Majumder unified the idea of fuzzy translation and fuzzy multiplication of Vasantha Kandasamy to introduce the concept of fuzzy magnified translation in groups and semigroups. The purpose of this paper is to intuitionistically fuzzify(by using Atanassov's idea) the concept of fuzzy magnified translation in semigroups. Here among other results we obtain some characterization theorems of regular, intra-regular, left(right) regular semigroups in terms of intuiti…
On the basis of the concept of the interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets introduced by K.Atanassov, the notion of interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy $H_v$-submodules of an $H_v$-module with respect to $t$-norm $T$ and $s$-norm $S$ is given and the characteristic properties are described. The homomorphic image and the inverse image are investigated.In particular, the connections between interval valued intuitionistic $(S,T)$-fuzzy $H_v$-submodules and interval valued intuitionistic $(S,T)$-fuzzy submodules are discussed.
In this paper, we present the concept of relations in intuitionistic fuzzy soft set and study some of their properties and also discuss symmetric, transitive and reflexive intuitionistic fuzzy soft relations.
The notion of intuitionistic fuzzy sets was introduced by Atanassov as a generalization of the notion of fuzzy sets. In this paper, we consider the intuitionistic fuzzification of the concept of sub-hyperquasigroups in a hyperquasigroup and investigate some properties of such sub-hyperquasigroups. In particular, we investigate some natural equivalence relations on the set of all intuitionistic fuzzy sub-hyperquasigroups of a hyperquasigroup.
The Cauchy Mean Value Theorem for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Functions
该研究围绕直觉模糊微积分展开，先梳理直觉模糊数、直觉模糊函数的相关基础性质，进而提出可微函数的中值定理并推导其柯西型通用形式，还通过示例与推论明确了二者的特殊-一般关系，丰富了直觉模糊微积分的理论体系。
Generally any real-world problem is not always solvable, because in that not only a percentage of uncertainty is present, but also, a certain percentage of indeterminacy is present. The presence of uncertainty has been analyzed using fuzzy logic. In this book the amount of indeterminacy is being analyzed using neutrosophic logic. Most of these models use the concept of matrices. Matrices have certain limitation; when the models are time-dependent and any two experts' opinions are being studied simultaneously, one cannot compare both of them at each stage. The new concept of bimatrices would ce…
In this paper, first we have established two sets of sufficient conditions for a mapping to have unique fixed point in a intuitionistic fuzzy metric space and then we have redefined the contraction mapping in a intuitionistic fuzzy metric space and thereafter we proved the Banach Fixed Point theorem.
A few of the algebraic and topological properties of int. fuzzy continuity and int. fuzzy uniform continuity are investigated. Also, the concept of int. fuzzy uniform convergence is introduced thereafter a few result on int. fuzzy uniform convergence are studied.
Intuitionistic fuzzy Banach algebra is introduced and a few properties of it is studied. The properties of invertible elements and relation among invertible elements, open set, closed set are emphasized. Topological divisors of zero is defined and its relation with closed set are studied.
The idea of rough statistical convergence for double sequences was studied by Ozcan and Or[29] in a intuitionistic fuzzy normed space. Recently the same has been generalized in the ideal context by Hossain and Banerjee[15] for sequences. Here in this paper we have discussed the idea of rough ideal convergence of double sequences in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces generalizing the idea of rough statistical convergence of double sequences. Also we have defined rough I2-cluster points for a double sequence and also investigated some of the basic properties associated with rough I2-limit set of…
The notion of intuitionistic fuzzy set was introduced by Atanassov as a generalization of the notion of fuzzy set. In this paper we apply this concept of Atanassov to ideals, prime ideals and semiprime ideals of gamma semigroups in order to obtain some characterization theorems. We also introduce the notion of Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy ideal extension in a gamma semigroup and investigate some of their important properties. A regular gamma semigroup has been characterized in terms of Atanasov's intutionistic fuzzy ideal. Characterization of prime ideal of a gamma semigroup has also been …
In this paper, we study the concept of Fibonacci statistical convergence on intuitionisitic fuzzy normed space. We define the Fibonacci statistically Cauchy sequences with respect to an intuitionisitic fuzzy normed space and introduce the Fibonacci statistical completenes with respect to an intuitionisitic fuzzy normed space.
We define weighted mean summability method of double sequences in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces($IFNS$), and obtain necessary and sufficient Tauberian conditions under which convergence of double sequences in $IFNS$ follows from their weighted mean summability. This study reveals also Tauberian results for some known summation methods in the special cases.
Being a pair of dual concepts, the normalized distance and similarity measures are very important tools for decision-making and pattern recognition under intuitionistic fuzzy sets framework. To be more effective for decision-making and pattern recognition applications, a good normalized distance measure should ensure that its dual similarity measure satisfies the axiomatic definition. In this paper, we first construct some examples to illustrate that the dual similarity measures of two nonlinear distance measures introduced in [A distance measure for intuitionistic fuzzy sets and its applicati…
In this paper, first we have established two sets of sufficient conditions for a TS-IF contractive mapping to have unique fixed point in a intuitionistic fuzzy metric space. Then we have defined \,$(\,ε\,,\, λ\,)$\, IF-uniformly locally contractive mapping and \,$η\,-$\,chainable space, where it has been proved that the \,$(\,ε\,,\, λ\,)$\, IF-uniformly locally contractive mapping possesses a fixed point
L.A.Zadeh introduced the concept of fuzzy set theory as the generalization of classical set theory in 1965 and further it has been generalized to intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) by Atanassov in 1983 to model information by the membership, nonmembership and hesitancy degree more accurately than the theory of fuzzy logic. The notions of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers in different contexts were studied in literature and applied in real life applications. Problems in different fields involving qualitative, quantitative and uncertain information can be modeled better using intutionistic fuzzy number…
We define statistical Cesàro and statistical logarithmic summability methods of sequences in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces($IFNS$) and give slowly oscillating type and Hardy type Tauberian conditions under which statistical Cesàro summability and statistical logarithmic summability imply convergence in $IFNS$. Besides, we obtain analogous results for the higher order summability methods as corollaries. Also, two theorems concerning the convergence of statically convergent sequences in $IFNS$ are proved in the paper.
All intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS methods contain two key elements: (1) the order structure, which can affect the choices of positive ideal-points and negative ideal-points, and construction of admissible distance/similarity measures; (2) the distance/similarity measure, which is closely related to the values of the relative closeness degrees and determines the accuracy and rationality of decision-making. For the order structure, many efforts are devoted to constructing some score functions, which can strictly distinguish different intuitionistic fuzzy values (IFVs) and preserve the natural part…
We define weighted geometric mean method of convergence for sequences in $\mathbb{R}^+$ by using multiplicative calculus and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions under which convergence of sequences in $\mathbb{R}^+$ follows from convergence of their weighted geometric means. We also obtain multiplicative analogues of Schmidt type slow oscillation condition and Landau type two-sided condition for the convergence in particular. Besides, we introduce the concepts of $^{\oplus}$convergence, $^{\otimes}$convergence, $(\bar{N},p)-^{\oplus}$convergence, $(\bar{G},p)-^{\otimes}$convergence for …
A complex intuitionistic fuzzy Lie superalgebra is a generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy Lie superalgebra whose membership function takes values in the unit disk in the complex plane. In this research, the concepts of complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets are introduced to Lie superalgebras. We define the complex intuitionistic fuzzy Lie sub superalgebras and complex intuitionistic fuzzy ideals of Lie superalgebras. Then, we study some related properties of complex intuitionistic fuzzy Lie sub-superalgebras and complex intuitionistic fuzzy ideals. Finally, we define the image and preimage of co…
In keeping with the definition that biotechnology is really no more than a name given to a set of techniques and processes, the authors apply some set of fuzzy techniques to chemical industry problems such as finding the proper proportion of raw mix to control pollution, to study flow rates, to find out the better quality of products. We use fuzzy control theory, fuzzy neural networks, fuzzy relational equations, genetic algorithms to these problems for solutions. When the solution to the problem can have certain concepts or attributes as indeterminate, the only model that can tackle such a si…
Power of Continuous Triangular Norms with Application to Intuitionistic Fuzzy Information Aggregation
本文研究连续t-范数的幂运算，提出新的IF信息聚合方法，通过定义IFMWAG算子改进决策算法，提升模糊信息处理效果。
The correct structures in fuzzy soft set theory
本文针对Maji等人提出的模糊软集概念因软集基本思想缺陷而不正确的问题，基于Molodtsov正确的软集理论概念重新定义了模糊软集，并以矩阵形式展示，推导出若干重要发现。
On the simplicial structure of uncertain information
本文通过将不同偏好结构统一到n维模糊集的单纯几何中，提出了一种新的可解释偏好结构，并建立了多维模糊集的正式单纯结构，为模糊集理论提供了坚实的拓扑基础。
Scale-valued sets: a minimal framework for generalized set models
本文提出尺度值集（SV-集）作为通用集合模型的最小框架，通过研究其基本结构及与格值区间软集的关系，展示了如何在单一模型中保持等级适宜性与支持证据，同时指出单坐标缩减会丢失信息。
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