Julia V. Grishicheva, Alexander V. Seliverstov
We consider a set of cliques in any multipartite graph with two vertices in each part. Moreover, we construct a class of peculiar polytopes. Key words: multipartite graph, clique, polytope.
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A clique covering of a graph $G$ is a set of cliques of $G$ such that any edge of $G$ is contained in one of these cliques, and the weight of a clique covering is the sum of the sizes of the cliques in it. The sigma clique cover number $scc(G)$ of a graph $G$, is defined as the smallest possible weight of a clique covering of $G$. Let $ K_t(d) $ denote the complete $ t $-partite graph with each part of size $d$. We prove that for any fixed $d \ge 2$, we have $$\lim_{t \rightarrow \infty} scc(K_t(d))= \frac{d}{2} t\log t.$$ This disproves a conjecture of Davoodi, Javadi and Omoomi.
Our main result essentially reduces the problem of finding an edge-decomposition of a balanced r-partite graph of large minimum degree into r-cliques to the problem of finding a fractional r-clique decomposition or an approximate one. Together with very recent results of Bowditch and Dukes as well as Montgomery on fractional decompositions into triangles and cliques respectively, this gives the best known bounds on the minimum degree which ensures an edge-decomposition of an r-partite graph into r-cliques (subject to trivially necessary divisibility conditions). The case of triangles translate…
Fractional clique decompositions of dense balanced multipartite graphs
研究密集平衡多部图的分数 clique 分解条件，提出新的度数阈值，适用于多于 s 部的多部图。
The Remaining $K_4$-Free Case in the Multipartite Clique Problem
本文解决了多部团问题中剩余的$K_4$-自由情形，确定了函数$f(n,7,4)$的精确值，并通过三色性结构论证得出其值约为$\lfloor30n/7\rfloor$。
In 1994, Cornelis Hoede and Xueliang Li introduced the clique polynomial of a graph. Also, a theorem for the edge subgraph expansion for clique polynomials. In this note we present a counter example for it and explain which case it could be a valid theorem.
We disprove a conjecture proposed in [Gaspers et al., Discrete Applied Mathematics, 2010] and provide a new upper bound for the minimum number of brushes required to continually parallel clean a clique.
In this paper we determine the exact values of the signed domination number, signed total domination number, and minus domination number of complete multipartite graphs, which substantially generalizes some previous results obtained for special subclasses of complete multipartite graphs such as cliques and complete bipartite graphs.
Motivated by an application in condensed matter physics and quantum information theory, we prove that every non-null even-hole-free claw-free graph has a simplicial clique, that is, a clique $K$ such that for every vertex $v \in K$, the set of neighbours of $v$ outside of $K$ is a clique. In fact, we prove the existence of a simplicial clique in a more general class of graphs defined by forbidden induced subgraphs.
We define a new graph operator, called the weak-factor graph, which comes from the context of complex network modelling. The weak-factor operator is close to the well-known clique-graph operator but it rather operates in terms of bicliques in a multipartite graph. We address the problem of the termination of the series of graphs obtained by iteratively applying the weak-factor operator starting from a given input graph. As for the clique-graph operator, it turns out that some graphs give rise to series that do not terminate. Therefore, we design a slight variation of the weak-factor operator, …
In this note, we prove that a finite vertex-transitive graph which has a clique which intersects all maximal cliques is a complete graph. This gives a positive answer in the case of vertex-transitive graphs to a question raised by Berge and Payan. It also gives a positive answer to a special case of the evasiveness conjecture.
On $(1,2)$-step competition graphs of multipartite tournaments
本文定义了紧多部竞赛图，并完全刻画了紧多部竞赛图 $D$ 的 $(1,2)$-步竞争图 $C_{1,2}(D)$，非紧情况留待后续研究。
Let $\mathbf{k} := (k_1,\dots,k_s)$ be a sequence of natural numbers. For a graph $G$, let $F(G;\mathbf{k})$ denote the number of colourings of the edges of $G$ with colours $1,\dots,s$ such that, for every $c \in \{1,\dots,s\}$, the edges of colour $c$ contain no clique of order $k_c$. Write $F(n;\mathbf{k})$ to denote the maximum of $F(G;\mathbf{k})$ over all graphs $G$ on $n$ vertices. This problem was first considered by Erdős and Rothschild in 1974, but it has been solved only for a very small number of non-trivial cases. We prove that, for every $\mathbf{k}$ and $n$, there is a complete …
A balanced edge-coloring of the complete graph is an edge-coloring such that every vertex is incident to each color the same number of times. In this short note, we present a construction of a balanced edge-coloring with six colors of the complete graph on $n=13^k$ vertices, for every positive integer $k$, with no rainbow $K_4$. This solves a problem by Erdős and Tuza.
An intense activity is nowadays devoted to the definition of models capturing the properties of complex networks. Among the most promising approaches, it has been proposed to model these graphs via their clique incidence bipartite graphs. However, this approach has, until now, severe limitations resulting from its incapacity to reproduce a key property of this object: the overlapping nature of cliques in complex networks. In order to get rid of these limitations we propose to encode the structure of clique overlaps in a network thanks to a process consisting in iteratively factorising the maxi…
Note on Disjoint Cycles in Multipartite Tournaments
本文针对无三角形多部竞赛图和3部竞赛图验证了Bermond-Thomassen关于顶点不相交有向圈的猜想，并进一步刻画了最小出度至少为$2k-1$且任意$k$个不相交圈等长的3部竞赛图。
The Gyárfás-Sumner conjecture says that for every forest $H$ and every integer $k$, if $G$ is $H$-free and does not contain a clique on $k$ vertices then it has bounded chromatic number. (A graph is $H$-free if it does not contain an induced copy of $H$.) Kierstead and Penrice proved it for trees of radius at most two, but otherwise the conjecture is known only for a few simple types of forest. More is known if we exclude a complete bipartite subgraph instead of a clique: Rödl showed that, for every forest $H$, if $G$ is $H$-free and does not contain $K_{t,t}$ as a subgraph then it has bounded…
Robertson and Seymour proved that the relation of graph immersion is well-quasi-ordered for finite graphs. Their proof uses the results of graph minors theory. Surprisingly, there is a very short proof of the corresponding rough structure theorem for graphs without $K_t$-immersions; it is based on the Gomory-Hu theorem. The same proof also works to establish a rough structure theorem for Eulerian digraphs without $\vec{K}_t$-immersions, where $\vec{K}_t$ denotes the bidirected complete digraph of order $t$.
In the vector space of symmetric functions, the elements of the basis of elementary symmetric functions are (up to a factor) the chromatic symmetric functions of disjoint unions of cliques. We consider their graph complements, the functions $\{r_λ: λ\text{ an integer partition}\}$ defined as chromatic symmetric functions of complete multipartite graphs. This basis was first introduced by Penaguiao [21]. We provide a combinatorial interpretation for the coefficients of the change-of-basis formula between the $r_λ$ and the monomial symmetric functions, and we show that the coefficients of the ch…
The unitary Cayley graph of $\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z$, denoted $G_{\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z}$, is the graph with vertices $0,1,\ldots,$ $n-1$ in which two vertices are adjacent if and only if their difference is relatively prime to $n$. These graphs are central to the study of graph representations modulo integers, which were originally introduced by Erdős and Evans. We give a brief account of some results concerning these beautiful graphs and provide a short proof of a simple formula for the number of cliques of any order $m$ in the unitary Cayley graph $G_{\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z}$. This formula invol…
In this paper we consider $r$-regular graphs $G$ that admit the vertex set partition such that one of the induced subgraphs is the join of an $s$-vertex clique and a $t$-vertex co-clique and represents a star complement for an eigenvalue $μ$ of $G$. The cases in which one of the parameters $s, t$ is less than 2 or $μ=r$ are already resolved. It is conjectured in [J. Wang, X. Yuan, L. Liu, Regular graphs with a prescribed complete multipartite graph as a star complement, Linear Algebra Appl.~579 (2019) 302--319] that if $s, t\geq 2$ and $μ\neq r$, then $μ=-2, t=2$ and $G=\overline{(s+1)K_2}$. F…
On $(1,2)$-step competition graphs of multipartite tournaments II
本文研究非紧（松）多部锦标赛的 $(1,2)$-步竞争图，刻画其区间性与连通性，作为紧情形结果的扩展。
In this note, we show that a complete $k$-partite graph is the only graph with clique number $k$ among all degree-equivalent simple graphs. This result gives a lower bound on the clique number, which is sharper than existing bounds on a large family of graphs.
Turán's theorem is a cornerstone of extremal graph theory. It asserts that for any integer $r \geq 2$ every graph on $n$ vertices with more than ${\tfrac{r-2}{2(r-1)}\cdot n^2}$ edges contains a clique of size $r$, i.e., $r$ mutually adjacent vertices. The corresponding extremal graphs are balanced $(r-1)$-partite graphs. The question as to how many such $r$-cliques appear at least in any $n$-vertex graph with $γn^2$ edges has been intensively studied in the literature. In particular, Lovász and Simonovits conjectured in the 1970s that asymptotically the best possible lower bound is given by t…
In this note, we introduce a new method for constructing graphs with high chromatic number and small clique. Indeed, via this method, we present a new proof for the well-known Kneser's conjecture.
The clique vector $\mathfrak{c}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the sequence $(c_1, c_2, \ldots,c_d)$ in $\mathbb{N}^d$, where $c_i$ is the number of cliques in $G$ with $i$ vertices and $d$ is the largest cardinality of a clique in $G$. In this note, we use tools from commutative algebra to characterize all possible clique vectors of $k$-connected chordal graphs.
It was recently proved that any graph satisfying $ω> \frac 23(Δ+1)$ contains a stable set hitting every maximum clique. In this note we prove that the same is true for graphs satisfying $ω\geq \frac 23(Δ+1)$ unless the graph is the strong product of $K_{ω/2}$ and an odd hole. We also provide a counterexample to a recent conjecture on the existence of a stable set hitting every sufficiently large maximal clique.
Graphs with given automorphism group and large clique number
本研究针对Cornwell等人相关问题延伸，在Barbieri证明有限自同构群的有限图亏格无界的基础上，通过简短证明得出这类图团数无界的更强结论。
Non-canonical maximum cliques without a design structure in the block graphs of 2-designs
本文肯定地回答了Chris Godsil和Karen Meagher关于存在区组图具有无设计结构非规范最大团的2-设计的问题。
A note on multicolour Erdős-Hajnal conjecture
该研究将多色Erdős-Hajnal猜想归约为主团颜色数与禁用模式相同或多一种的情形，并发现带禁用模式的着色团中齐次集存在非单调性：主图多一种颜色可能减小最大齐次集的大小。
The clique complex of a graph G is a simplicial complex whose simplices are all the cliques of G, and the line graph L(G) of G is a graph whose vertices are the edges of G and the edges of L(G) are incident edges of G. In this article, we determine the homotopy type of the clique complexes of line graphs for several classes of graphs including triangle-free graphs, chordal graphs, complete multipartite graphs, wheel-free graphs, and 4-regular circulant graphs. We also give a closed form formula for the homotopy type of these complexes in several cases.
A note on the maximum ratio between chromatic number and clique number
本文改进了图色数与 clique 数比值的最大值渐进行为，给出了更精确的上界。
Let $R_k(H;K_m)$ be the smallest number $N$ such that every coloring of the edges of $K_{N}$ with $k+1$ colors has either a monochromatic $H$ in color $i$ for some $1\leqslant i\leqslant k$, or a monochromatic $K_{m}$ in color $k+1$. In this short note, we study the lower bound for $R_k(H;K_m)$ when $H$ is $C_5$ or $C_7$, respectively. We show that \begin{equation*} R_{k}(C_5;K_m)=Ω(m^{\frac{3k}{8}+1}/(\log{m})^{\frac{3k}{8}+1}), \end{equation*} and \begin{equation*} R_{k}(C_7;K_m)=Ω(m^{\frac{2k}{9}+1}/(\log{m})^{\frac{2k}{9}+1}), \end{equation*} for fixed positive integer $k$ and $m\rightarro…
Weak saturation of multipartite hypergraphs
该研究在有向情形下精确确定完全多部q-图的弱饱和数，推广Alon的经典定理，同时建立二部图在不同宿主图中弱饱和数的联系并渐近确定团中完全q部q-图的弱饱和数。
A note on the saturation number for unions of three cliques
本文针对2≤p≤q<r<p+q且n足够大的情况，确定了三个团K_p、K_q、K_r的并的饱和数及唯一极图，结合已有结果完成了所有足够大n下该类并的饱和数及极图的确定。
A Note on Reconfiguration Graphs of Cliques
本文研究了团的重构图的结构性质，证明了团数关系式，界定了色数，并展示了平面图的重构图的平面性。
An identifying code in a graph $G$ is a dominating set $C$ such that the closed neighborhood of each vertex in $G$ has a distinct intersection with $C$. In 2008, Gravier et al. determined the minimum cardinality of an identifying code of the Cartesian product of two cliques with the same size. In this note, we generalize this result to the Cartesian product of any two nontrivial cliques.
We prove for k at most 10, that every graph of chromatic number k with a unique k-coloring admits a clique minor of order k.
A construction of Alon and Krivelevich gives highly pseudorandom $K_k$-free graphs on $n$ vertices with edge density equal to $Θ(n^{-1/(k -2)})$. In this short note we improve their result by constructing an infinite family of highly pseudorandom $K_k$-free graphs with a higher edge density of $Θ(n^{-1/(k - 1)})$.
In 1976 Erdos, Kleitman and Rothschild determined the number of graphs without a clique of size $\ell$. In this note we extend their result to the case of forbidden cliques of increasing size. More precisely we prove that for $\ell_n \le \frac12(\log n)^{1/4}$ there are $$2^{(1-1/(\ell_n-1))n^2/2+o(n^2/\ell_n)}$$ $K_{\ell_n}$-free graphs of order $n$. Our proof is based on the recent hypergraph container theorems of Saxton, Thomason and Balogh, Morris, Samotij, in combination with a theorem of Lovasz and Simonovits.
Maximal cliques in the graph of $5$-ary simplex codes of dimension two
本文研究二维$q$元单纯形码构成的格拉斯曼诱导子图，证明其恰有两类最大团，且$q=5$时同类型最大团可由单项线性自同构互变，并给出$q=7,11$的示例。
The Erdős--Gallai Theorem states that for $k\geq 3$ every graph on $n$ vertices with more than $\frac{1}{2}(k-1)(n-1)$ edges contains a cycle of length at least $k$. Kopylov proved a strengthening of this result for 2-connected graphs with extremal examples $H_{n,k,t}$ and $H_{n,k,2}$. In this note, we generalize the result of Kopylov to bound the number of $s$-cliques in a graph with circumference less than $k$. Furthermore, we show that the same extremal examples that maximize the number of edges also maximize the number of cliques of any fixed size. Finally, we obtain the extremal number of…
A Note on the Complexity of Directed Clique
本文研究了有向图的有向团数问题，证明当t作为输入给出时，该问题属于$\Sigma^\mathsf{P}_{2}$-难。
We study graphs whose chromatic number is close to the order of the graph (the number of vertices). Both when the chromatic number is a constant multiple of the order and when the difference of the chromatic number and the order is a small fixed number, large cliques are forced. We study the latter situation, and we give quantitative results how large the clique number of these graphs have to be. Some related questions are discussed and conjectures are posed. Please note that the results of this article were significantly generalized. Therefore this paper will never be published in a journal. …
We show that for any integer $t\geq 2$, every properly edge-coloured graph on $n$ vertices with more than $n^{1+o(1)}$ edges contains a rainbow subdivision of $K_t$. Note that this bound on the number of edges is sharp up to the $o(1)$ error term. This is a rainbow analogue of some classical results on clique subdivisions and extends some results on rainbow Turán numbers. Our method relies on the framework introduced by Sudakov and Tomon[2020] which we adapt to find robust expanders in the coloured setting.
Rainbow clique subdivisions
本文证明平均度至少为 $(\nlog n)^{2+o(1)}$ 的适当边着色图必含大小为 $t$ 的完全图的彩虹细分，并由此得到循环彩虹 Turán 数的相关结果。
A polynomial bound on the number of minimal separators and potential maximal cliques in $P_6$-free graphs of bounded clique number
本文证明团数有界的 $P_6$-free 图中极小分离集与潜在极大团数量均满足多项式界。
The Bollobás--Nikiforov Conjecture for Complete Multipartite Graphs and Dense $K_4$-Free Graphs
本文证明了完全多部图和稠密K_4-自由图中Bollobás-Nikiforov猜想成立，通过谱分析和Turán定理，展示了其结构稳定性及障碍。
In an attempt to find a polynomial-time algorithm for the edge-clique cover problem on cographs we tried to prove that the edge-clique graphs of cographs have bounded rankwidth. However, this is not the case. In this note we show that the edge-clique graphs of cocktail party graphs have unbounded rankwidth.
In this note, we give some necessary conditions for an $r$-partite graph such that the edge ring of the graph is Cohen-Macaulay. It is proved that if $G$ is an $r$-partite Cohen-Macaulay graph which is covered by some disjoint cliques of size $r$, then the clique cover is unique.
In the study of full bubble model graphs of bounded clique-width and bounded linear clique-width, we determined complete sets of forbidden induced subgraphs, that are minimal in the class of full bubble model graphs. In this note, we show that (almost all of) these graphs are minimal in the class of all graphs. As a corollary, we can give sets of minimal forbidden induced subgraphs for graphs of bounded clique-width and for graphs of bounded linear clique-width for arbitrary bounds.
Given a graph $F$ and an integer $r \ge 2$, a partition $\widehat{F}$ of the edge set of $F$ into at most $r$ classes, and a graph $G$, define $c_{r, \widehat{F}}(G)$ as the number of $r$-colorings of the edges of $G$ that do not contain a copy of $F$ such that the edge partition induced by the coloring is isomorphic to the one of $F$. We think of $\widehat{F}$ as the pattern of coloring that should be avoided. The main question is, for a large enough $n$, to find the (extremal) graph $G$ on $n$ vertices which maximizes $c_{r, \widehat{F}}(G)$. This problem generalizes a question of Erd{\H o}s…
A Sharp Ramsey Theorem for Admissible Colorings of Ordered Cliques
研究有序完全图红蓝边染色中\(f(k)\)的值，通过特定方法得到\(k\geq3\)时\(f(k)\)的精确值，证实了布拉达克等人提出的猜想。
Let $K\_{[k,t]}$ be the complete graph on $k$ vertices from which a set of edges, induced by a clique of order $t$, has been dropped. In this note we give two explicit upper bounds for $R(K\_{[k\_1,t\_1]},\dots, K\_{[k\_r,t\_r]})$ (the smallest integer $n$ such that for any $r$-edge coloring of $K\_n$ there always occurs a monochromatic $K\_{[k\_i,t\_i]}$ for some $i$). Our first upper bound contains a classical one in the case when $k\_1=\cdots =k\_r$ and $t\_i=1$ for all $i$. The second one is obtained by introducing a new edge coloring called {\em $χ\_r$-colorings}. We finally discuss a con…
A robust version of the multipartite Hajnal--Szemerédi theorem
本文强化多部 Hajnal–Szemerédi 定理，证明在满足最小度条件且边概率达到给定阈值时，随机扰动的均衡 r 部图以高概率含 K_r-因子，并推出横截版本。
In the way of proving Kneser's conjecture, László Lovász settled out a new lower bound for the chromatic number. He showed that if neighborhood complex $\mathcal{N}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is topologically $k$-connected, then its chromatic number is at least $k+3$. Then he completed his proof by showing that this bound is tight for the Kneser graph. However, there are some graphs where this bound is not useful at all, even comparing by the obvious bound; the clique number. For instance, if a graph contains no complete bipartite graph $\mathcal{K}_{l, m}$, then its Lovász's bound is at most $l+m-1$.…
In this paper we enumerate the necessary and sufficient conditions for the weak modular product of two simple graphs to be perfect. The weak modular product differs from the direct product by also encoding non-adjacencies of the factor graphs in its edges. This work is motivated by the following: a 1978 theorem of Kozen states that two graphs on $n$ vertices are isomorphic if and only if there is a clique of size $n$ in the weak modular product between the two graphs. Furthermore, a straightforward corollary of Kozen's theorem and Lovász's sandwich theorem is if the weak modular product betwee…
Strict spectral supersaturation for cliques: extremal graphs and sharp thresholds
本文确定了少含K_{r+1}副本的图的最大邻接谱半径及极值图，给出了严格与非严格超饱和的差异，并证明了尖锐阈值为√2(r-1)/r。
The symmetric version of Fitch's xenology relation coincides with class of complete multipartite graph and thus cannot convey any non-trivial phylogenetic information.
An \emph{edge coloring} of a graph $G$ is strong if each color class is an induced matching of $G$. The \emph{strong chromatic index} of $G$, denoted by $χ_{s}^{\prime }(G)$, is the minimum number of colors for which $G$ has a strong edge coloring. The strong chromatic index of $G$ is equal to the chromatic number of the square of the line graph of $G$. The chromatic number of the square of the line graph of $G$ is greater than or equal to the clique number of the square of the line graph of $G$, denoted by $ω(L)$. In this note we prove that $ω(L) \le 1.5 Δ_{G}^2$ for every graph $G$. Our resu…
In 1984, Thomassen conjectured that for every constant $k \in \mathbb{N}$, there exists $d$ such that every graph with average degree at least $d$ contains a balanced subdivision of a complete graph on $k$ vertices, i.e. a subdivision in which each edge is subdivided the same number of times. Recently, Liu and Montgomery confirmed Thomassen's conjecture. We show that for every constant $0<c<1/2$, every graph with average degree at least $d$ contains a balanced subdivision of a complete graph of size at least $Ω(d^{c})$. Note that this bound is almost optimal. Moreover, we show that every spars…
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