Let $A$ be a unital separable \CA and $B=C\otimes {\cal K},$ where $C$ is a unital \CA. Let $τ: A\to M(B)/B$ be a weakly unital full essential extensions of $A$ by $B.$ We show that there is a bijection between a quotient group of $K_0(B)$ onto the set of strong unitary equivalence classes of weakly unital full essential extensions $σ$ such that $[σ]=[τ]$ in $KK^1(A, B).$ Consequently, when this group is zero, unitarily equivalent full essential extensions are strongly unitarily equivalent. When $B$ is a non-unital but $σ$-unital simple \CA with continuous scale, we also study the problem when two approximately unitarily equivalent essential extensions are strongly approximately unitarily equivalent. A group is used to compute the strongly approximate unitary equivalence classes in the same approximate unitary equivalent class of essential
We obtain results on the unitary equivalence of weak contractions of class $C_0$ to their Jordan models under an assumption on their commutants. In particular, our work addresses the case of arbitrary finite multiplicity. The main tool is the theory of boundary representations due to Arveson. We also generalize and improve previously known results concerning unitary equivalence and similarity to Jordan models when the minimal function is a Blaschke product.
In this paper we investigate operators unitarily equivalent to truncated Toeplitz operators. We show that this class contains certain sums of tensor products of truncated Toeplitz operators. In particular, it contains arbitrary inflations of truncated Toeplitz operators; this answers a question posed by Cima, Garcia, Ross, and Wogen.
We develop a procedure for determining whether a square complex matrix is unitarily equivalent to a complex symmetric (i.e., self-transpose) matrix. Our approach has several advantages over existing methods. We discuss these differences and present a number of examples.
We develop several methods, based on the geometric relationship between the eigenspaces of a matrix and its adjoint, for determining whether a square matrix having distinct eigenvalues is unitarily equivalent to a complex symmetric matrix. Equivalently, we characterize those matrices having distinct eigenvalues which lie in the unitary orbit of the complex symmetric matrices.
Motivated by a problem of Halmos, we obtain a canonical decomposition for complex matrices which are unitarily equivalent to their transpose (UET). Surprisingly, the naive assertion that a matrix is UET if and only if it is unitarily equivalent to a complex symmetric matrix (i.e., $T = T^t$) holds for matrices 7x7 and smaller, but fails for matrices 8x8 and larger.
We prove that the automorphisms of any separable C*-algebra that does not have continuous trace are not classifiable by countable structures up to unitary equivalence. This implies a dichotomy for the Borel complexity of the relation of unitary equivalence of automorphisms of a separable unital C*-algebra: Such relation is either smooth or not even classifiable by countable structures.
Let $C$ be a unital AH-algebra and let $A$ be a unital separable simple C*-algebra with tracial rank no more than one. Suppose that $ϕ, ψ: C\to A$ are two unital monomorphisms. With some restriction on $C,$ we show that $ϕ$ and $ψ$ are approximately unitarily equivalent if and only if [ϕ]=[ψ] in KL(C,A) τ\circ ϕ=τ\circ ψfor all tracial states of A and ϕ^‡=ψ^‡, here ϕ^‡ and ψ^‡ are homomorphisms from $U(C)/CU(C)\to U(A)/CU(A) induced by ϕand ψ, respectively, and where CU(C) and CU(A) are closures of the subgroup generated by commutators of the unitary groups of C and B.
A matrix $T \in \M_n(\C)$ is \emph{UECSM} if it is unitarily equivalent to a complex symmetric (i.e., self-transpose) matrix. We develop several techniques for studying this property in dimensions three and four. Among other things, we completely characterize $4 \times 4$ nilpotent matrices which are UECSM and we settle an open problem which has lingered in the $3 \times 3$ case. We conclude with a discussion concerning a crucial difference which makes dimension three so different from dimensions four and above
In this paper we generalize the notion of essential codimension of Brown, Douglas, and Fillmore using $\KK$-theory and prove a result which asserts that there is a unitary of the form `identity + compact' which gives the unitary equivalence of two projections if the `essential codimension' of two projections vanishes for certain $C\sp*$-algebras employing the proper asymptotic unitary equivalence of $\KK$-theory found by M. Dadarlat and S. Eilers. We also apply our result to study the projections in the corona algebra of $C(X)\otimes B$ where $X$ is $[0,1]$, $(-\infty, \infty)$, $[0,\infty)$, …
In this paper we show that, for a class of countable graphs, every representation of the associated graph algebra in a separable Hilbert space is unitarily equivalent to a representation obtained via branching systems.
Unlike Toeplitz operators on $H^2$, truncated Toeplitz operators do not have a natural matricial characterization. Consequently, these operators are difficult to study numerically. In this note we provide criteria for a matrix with distinct eigenvalues to be unitarily equivalent to a truncated Toeplitz operator having an analytic symbol. This test is constructive and we illustrate it with several examples. As a byproduct, we also prove that every complex symmetric operator on a Hilbert space of dimension $\leq 3$ is unitarily equivalent to a direct sum of truncated Toeplitz operators.
Let $\A$ be a unital separable nuclear $C^*$--algebra which belongs to the bootstrap category $\N$ and $\B$ be a separable stable $C^*$--algebra. In this paper, we consider the group $\Ext_u(\A,\B)$ consisting of the unitary equivalence classes of unital extensions $τ\colon\A\rightarrow Q(\B)$. The relation between $\Ext_u(\A,\B)$ and $\Ext(\A,\B)$ is established. Using this relation, we show the half--exactness of $\Ext_u(\cdot,\B)$ and the (UCT) for $\Ext_u(\A,\B)$. Furthermore, under certain conditions, we obtain the half--exactness and Bott periodicity of $\Ext_u(\A,\cdot)$.
This paper continues the authors' work on the question of unitary equivalence of matrices with entries in the complex-valued functions of a topological space (matrices over spaces). Specifically, we here consider the question of unitary equivalence for pairs of normal matrices over a space that share a common characteristic polynomial that can be globally factored into distinct linear factors. We show that such a matrix is diagonalizable if and only if the first Chern classes of its eigenbundles all vanish and derive as an application that all such matrices over $\mathbb{C}P^m$ are diagonaliza…
Let A and B be normal matrices with coefficients that are continuous complex-valued functions on a topological space X that has the homotopy type of a CW complex, and suppose these matrices have the same distinct eigenvalues at each point of X. We use obstruction theory to establish a necessary and sufficient condition for A and B to be unitarily equivalent. We also determine bounds on the number of possible unitary equivalence classes in terms of cohomological invariants of X.
In this article we show that there are branching systems (which induce representations of the graph algebra $C^*(E)$) associated to each row-countable graph $E$. For row-countable graphs, we characterize the condition $(L)$ via branching systems. Moreover, we show that each permutative representation in Hilbert spaces operators is unitarily equivalent to one induced by a branching system, even the spaces being not separable. Furthermore, under some hypothesis on the graph, we show that each representation of the graph C*-algebra is permutative.
Weyl-von Neumann Theorem asserts that two bounded self-adjoint operators $A,B$ on a Hilbert space $H$ are unitarily equivalent modulo compacts, i.e., $uAu^*+K=B$ for some unitary $u\in \mathcal{U}(H)$ and compact self-adjoint operator $K$, if and only if $A$ and $B$ have the same essential spectra: $σ_{\rm{ess}}(A)=σ_{\rm{ess}}(B)$. In this paper we consider to what extent the above Weyl-von Neumann's result can(not) be extended to unbounded operators using descriptive set theory. We show that if $H$ is separable infinite-dimensional, this equivalence relation for bounded self-adjoin operators…
An \textit{ideal} of $N$-tuples of operators is a class invariant with respect to unitary equivalence which contains direct sums of arbitrary collections of its members as well as their (reduced) parts. New decomposition theorems (with respect to ideals) for $N$-tuples of closed densely defined linear operators acting in a common (arbitrary) Hilbert space are presented. Algebraic and order (with respect to containment) properties of the class $CDD_N$ of all unitary equivalence classes of such $N$-tuples are established and certain ideals in $CDD_N$ are distinguished. It is proved that infinite…
Let $A$ be a unital separable amenable \CA and $C$ be a unital \CA with certain infinite property. We show that two full monomorphisms $h_1, h_2: A\to C$ are approximately unitarily equivalent if and only if $[h_1]=[h_2]$ in $KL(A,C).$ Let $B$ be a non-unital but $σ$-unital \CA for which $M(B)/B$ has the certain infinite property. We prove that two full essential extensions are approximately unitarily equivalent if and only if they induce the same element in $KL(A, M(B)/B).$ The set of approximately unitarily equivalence classes of full essential extensions forms a group. If $A$ satisfies the …
We characterize the condition for two finite index endomorphisms on an AFD factor to be approximately unitarily equivalent. The characterization is given by using the canonical extension of endomorphisms, which is introduced by Izumi. Our result is a generalization of the characterization of approximate innerness of endomorphisms of the AFD factors, obtained by Kawahiashi--Sutherland--Takesaki and Masuda--Tomatsu. Our proof, which does not depend on the types of factors, is based on recent development on the Rohlin property of flows on von Neumann algebras.
Let $C$ be a unital AH-algebra and let $A$ be a unital separable simple \CA with tracial rank zero. Suppose that $ϕ_1, ϕ_2: C\to A$ are two unital monomorphisms. We show that there is a continuous path of unitaries $\{u_t: t\in [0, \infty)\}$ of $A$ such that $$ \lim_{t\to\infty}u_t^*ϕ_1(a)u_t=ϕ_2(a)\tforal a\in C $$ if and only if $[ϕ_1]=[ϕ_2]$ in $KK(C,A),$ $τ\circ ϕ_1=τ\circ ϕ_2$ for all $τ\in T(A)$ and the rotation map ${\tildeη}_{ϕ_1,ϕ_2}$ associated with $ϕ_1$ and $ϕ_2$ is zero. In particular, an automorphism $\af$ on a unital separable simple \CA $A$ in ${\cal N}$ with tracial rank zero…
We prove that if two nonzero homomorphisms from the Cuntz algebra O_infinity to a purely infinite simple C*-algebra have the same class in KK-theory, and if either both are unital or both are nonunital, then they are approximately unitarily equivalent. It follows that O_infinity is classifiable in the sense of Rordam. In particular, Rordam's classification theorem for direct limits of matrix algebras over even Cuntz algebras extends to direct limits involving both matrix algebras over even Cuntz algebras and corners of O_infinity for which the K_0 group can be an arbitrary countable abelian gr…
Let $C$ and $A$ be two unital separable amenable simple C*-algebras with tracial rank no more than one. Suppose that $C$ satisfies the Universal Coefficient Theorem and suppose that $ϕ_1, ϕ_2: C\to A$ are two unital monomorphisms. We show that there is a continuous path of unitaries $\{u_t: t\in [0, \infty)\}$ of $A$ such that $$ \lim_{t\to\infty}u_t^*ϕ_1(c)u_t=ϕ_2(c)\tforal c\in C $$ if and only if $[ϕ_1]=[ϕ_2]$ in $KK(C,A),$ $ϕ_1^‡=ϕ_2^‡,$ $(ϕ_1)_T=(ϕ_2)_T$ and a rotation related map $\bar{R}_{ϕ_1,ϕ_2}$ associated with $ϕ_1$ and $ϕ_2$ is zero. Applying this result together with a result of W…
We prove that if two homomorphisms from O_{\infty} to a purely infinite simple C*-algebra have the same class in KK-theory, and if either both are unital or both are nonunital, then they are approximately unitarily equivalent. It follows that O_{\infty} is classifiable in the sense of Rordam. In particular, Rordam's classification theorem for direct limits of matrix algebras over even Cuntz algebras extends to direct limits involving both matrix algebras over even Cuntz algebras and corners of O_{\infty}, for which the K_0-group can be an arbitrary countable abelian group with no even torsion.
We produce a cofibrantly generated simplicial symmetric monoidal model structure for the category of (small unital) C*-categories, whose weak equivalences are the unitary equivalences. The closed monoidal structure consists of the maximal tensor product, which generalizes that of C*-algebras, with the Ghez-Lima-Roberts C*-categories of *-functors, C*(A,B), providing the internal Hom's.
Let $C=C(X)$ be the unital $C^*$-algebra of all continuous functions on a finite CW complex $X$ and let $A$ be a unital simple $C^*$-algebra with tracial rank at most one. We show that two unital monomorphisms $ϕ, ψ: C\to A$ are asymptotically unitarily equivalent, i.e., there exists a continuous path of unitaries $\{u_t: t\in [0,1)\}\subset A$ such that $$ \lim_{t\to 1} u_t^*ϕ(f)u_t=ψ(f) {\rm for all} \in C(X), $$ if and only if \beq [ϕ]&=&[ψ] {\rm in} KK(C, A), τ\circ ϕ&=&τ\circ ψ{\rm for all} τ\in T(A), and ϕ^†&=&ψ^†, \eneq where $T(A)$ is the simplex of tracial states of $A$ and $ϕ^†, ψ^†:…
We prove an equivalence between the following notions: (i) unitary Möbius vertex algebras, and (ii) Wightman conformal field theories on the circle (with finite-dimensional conformal weight spaces) satisfying an additional condition that we call uniformly bounded order. Reading this equivalence in one direction, we obtain new analytic and operator-theoretic information about vertex operators. In the other direction we characterize OPEs of Wightman fields and show they satisfy the axioms of a vertex algebra. As an application we establish new results linking unitary vertex operator algebras wit…
We construct new examples of ergodic coactions of compact quantum groups, in which the multiplicity of an irreducible corepresentation can be strictly larger than the dimension of the latter. These examples are obtained using a bijective correspondence between certain ergodic coactions on C*-algebras and unitary fiber functors on the representation category of a compact quantum group. We classify these unitary fiber functors on the universal orthogonal and unitary quantum groups. The associated C*-algebras and von Neumann algebras can be defined by generators and relations, but are not yet wel…
Let $C$ be a unital AH-algebra and $A$ be a unital simple C*-algebra with tracial rank zero. It has been shown that two unital monomorphisms $ϕ, ψ: C\to A$ are approximately unitarily equivalent if and only if $$ [ϕ]=[ψ] {\rm in} KL(C,A) and τ\circ ϕ=τ\circ ψ\tforal τ\in T(A), $$ where $T(A)$ is the tracial state space of $A.$ In this paper we prove the following: Given $κ\in KL(C,A)$ with $κ(K_0(C)_+\setminus \{0\})\subset K_0(A)_+\setminus \{0\}$ and with $κ([1_C])=[1_A]$ and a continuous affine map $λ: T(A)\to T_{\mathtt{f}}(C)$ which is compatible with $κ,$ where $T_{\mathtt{f}}(C)$ is the…
We define the notion of a principal S-bundle where S is a groupoid group bundle and show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between principal S-bundles and elements of a sheaf cohomology group associated to S. We also define the notion of a locally unitary action and show that the spectrum of the crossed product is a principal bundle. Furthermore, we prove that the isomorphism class of the spectrum determines the exterior equivalence class of the action and that every principal bundle can be realized as the spectrum of some locally unitary crossed product.
We use Ehrenfeucht-Fraïssé games to give a local geometric criterion for elementary equivalence of II$_1$ factors. We obtain as a corollary that two II$_1$ factors are elementarily equivalent if and only their unitary groups are elementarily equivalent as $\mathbb Z_4$-metric spaces.
Let $A$ and $C$ be two unital simple C*-algebas with tracial rank zero. Suppose that $C$ is amenable and satisfies the Universal Coefficient Theorem. Denote by ${KK}_e(C,A)^{++}$ the set of those $κ$ for which $κ(K_0(C)_+\setminus\{0\})\subset K_0(A)_+\setminus\{0\}$ and $κ([1_C])=[1_A]$. Suppose that $κ\in {KK}_e(C,A)^{++}.$ We show that there is a unital monomorphism $ϕ: C\to A$ such that $[ϕ]=κ.$ Suppose that $C$ is a unital AH-algebra and $λ: \mathrm{T}(A)\to \mathrm{T}_{\mathtt{f}}(C)$ is a continuous affine map for which $τ(κ([p]))=λ(τ)(p)$ for all projections $p$ in all matrix algebras …
We describe a categorical approach to finite noncommutative geometries. Objects in the category are spectral triples, rather than unitary equivalence classes as in other approaches. This enables to treat fluctuations of the metric and unitary equivalences on the same footing, as representatives of particular morphisms in this category. We then show how a matrix geometry (Moyal plane) emerges as a fluctuation from one point, and discuss some geometric aspects of this space.
