We give a classification of normal affine surfaces admitting an algebraic group action with an open orbit. In particular an explicit algebraic description of the affine coordinate rings and the defining equations of such varieties is given. By our methods we recover many known results, e.g. the classification of normal affine surfaces with a `big' open orbit of Gizatullin and Popov or some of the classification results of Danilov-Gizatullin, Bertin and others.
We investigate the structure of commutative integral domains $B$ of characteristic zero by studying the kernels of locally nilpotent derivations $D : B \to B$.
Let $X$ be an affine algebraic variety endowed with an action of complexity one of an algebraic torus $\mathbb{T}$. It is well known that homogeneous locally nilpotent derivations on the algebra of regular functions $\mathbb{K}[X]$ can be described in terms of proper polyhedral divisors corresponding to $\mathbb{T}$-variety $X$. We prove that homogeneous locally nilpotent derivations commute if an only if some combinatorial criterion holds. These results are used to describe actions of unipotent groups of dimension two on affine $\mathbb{T}$-varieties.
Let X=spec A be a normal affine variety over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic 0 endowed with an effective action of a torus T of dimension n. Let also D be a homogeneous locally nilpotent derivation on the normal affine Z^n-graded domain A, so that D generates a k_+-action on X that is normalized by the T-action. We provide a complete classification of pairs (X,D) in two cases: for toric varieties (n=\dim X) and in the case where n=\dim X-1. This generalizes previously known results for surfaces due to Flenner and Zaidenberg. As an application we compute the homogeneous Makar-…
In this paper we give an algorithmic characterization of rank two locally nilpotent derivations in dimension three. Together with an algorithm for computing the plinth ideal, this gives a method for computing the rank of a locally nilpotent derivation in dimension three.
We describe homogeneous locally nilpotent derivations of the algebra of regular functions for a class of affine trinomial hypersurfaces. This class comprises all non-factorial trinomial hypersurfaces.
In this paper we give an algorithm to recognize triangulable locally nilpotent derivations in dimension three. In case the given derivation is triangulable, our method produces a coordinate system in which it exhibits a triangular form.
By using classical invariant theory approach a formulas for computation of the Poincare series of the kernel of linear locally nilpotent derivations is found.
In this paper we consider certain closed subvarieties of the flag variety, known as Hessenberg varieties. We prove that Hessenberg varieties corresponding to nilpotent elements which are regular in a Levi factor are paved by affines. We provide a partial reduction from paving Hessenberg varieties for arbitrary elements to paving those corresponding to nilpotent elements. As a consequence, we generalize results of Tymoczko asserting that Hessenberg varieties for regular nilpotent and arbitrary elements of \mathfrak{gl}_n(\C) are paved by affines. For example, our results prove that any Hessenbe…
We provide an explicit description of homogeneous locally nilpotent derivations of the algebra of regular functions on affine trinomial hypersurfaces. As an application, we describe the set of roots of trinomial algebras.
Let A be a commutative associative integrally closed k-algebra without zero divisors effectively graded by a lattice. We obtain a criterion of local nilpotency of the sum of two homogeneous locally nilpotent derivations (LNDs) of fiber type on A in terms of their degrees. The same problem is solved for commutators of two homogeneous LNDs.
We relate the geometry of Schubert varieties in twisted affine Grassmannian and the nilpotent varieties in symmetric spaces. This extends some results of Achar-Henderson in the twisted setting. We also get some applications to the geometry of the order 2 nilpotent varieties in certain classical symmetric spaces.
We prove Freudenburg's Freeness Conjecture: Let B be the polynomial ring in three variables over a field of characteristic zero, let D : B --> B be a nonzero locally nilpotent derivation, and let A = ker(D). Then B is a free A-module, and there exists a basis $(e_i)_{i \in \mathbb{N}}$ of B such that deg$_D(e_i) = i$ for all $i \in \mathbb{N}$.
In math.RT/0201073 we constructed an equivalence between the derived category of equivariant coherent sheaves on the cotangent bundle to the flag variety of a simple algebraic group and a (quotient of) the category of constructible sheaves on the affine flag variety of the Langlands dual group. Below we prove certain properties of this equivalence; provide a similar ``Langlands dual'' description for the category of equivariant coherent sheaves on the nilpotent cone; and deduce some conjectures by Lusztig and Ostrik.
We investigate modified Makar-Limanov and Derksen invariants of an affine algebraic variety. The modified Makar-Limanov invariant is the intersection of kernels of all locally nilpotent derivations with slices and the modified Derksen invariant is the subalgebra generated by these kernels. We prove that modified Makar-Limanov invariant coincide with Makar-Limanov invariant if there exists a locally nilpotent derivation with a slice. Also we construct an example of a variety admitting a locally nilpotent derivation with a slice such that modified Derksen invariant does not coincide with Derksen…
We observe algebraic derivations on an affine domain B defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0, which are called locally finite derivations in commutative and non-commutative contexts in other references. We observe the graded ring structure which the algebraic derivation defines on B, and give characterizations of a polynomial ring in two variables in terms of algebraic derivations.
Let B be a commutative $\mathbb{Z}$-graded domain of characteristic zero. An element f of B is said to be cylindrical if it is nonzero, homogeneous of nonzero degree, and such that $B_{(f)}$ is a polynomial ring in one variable over a subring. We study the relation between the existence of a cylindrical element of B and the existence of a nonzero locally nilpotent derivation of B. Also, given d > 0, we give sufficient conditions that guarantee that every derivation of $B^{(d)} = \oplus_i B_{di}$ can be extended to a derivation of B. We generalize some results of Kishimoto, Prokhorov and Zaiden…
This paper describes a paving by affines for regular nilpotent Hessenberg varieties in all Lie types, namely a kind of cell decomposition that can be used to compute homology despite its weak closure conditions. Precup recently proved a stronger result; we include ours because we use different methods. We then use this paving to prove that the homology of the Peterson variety injects into the homology of the full flag variety. The proof uses intersection theory and expands the class of the Peterson variety in the homology of the flag variety in terms of the basis of Schubert classes. We explic…
For any affine semigroup $S$ the set $S\cup\{\infty\}$ has a natural structure of semigroup, additionally if $S$ is endowed with the discrete topology, the semigroup $S\cup\{\infty\}$ can be studied as the one-point compactification of $S$. In this article we study the derivations on the semigroup algebra $\mathbb{C}[S\cup\{\infty\}]$ in relation to the derivations on the semigroup algebra $\mathbb{C}[S]$ considering the metrizable topology on $\mathbb{C}[S\cup\{\infty\}]$ induced by the one-point compactification topology of $S\cup\{\infty\}$.
We consider Hessenberg varieties in the flag variety of $GL_n(\mathbb{C})$ with the property that the corresponding Hessenberg function defines an ad-nilpotent ideal. Each such Hessenberg variety is contained in a Springer fiber. We extend a theorem of Tymoczko to this setting, showing that these varieties have an affine paving obtained by intersecting with Schubert cells. Our method of proof constructs an an affine paving for each Springer fiber that restricts to an affine paving of the Hessenberg variety. We use the combinatorial properties of this paving to prove that Hessenberg varieties o…
We give a full description of the Lie algebra generated by locally nilpotent derivations (short LNDs) on smooth Danielewski surfaces $D_p$ given by $xy=p(z)$. In case $\mathrm{deg}(p)\geq 3$ it turns out to be not the whole Lie algebra $\mathrm{VF}_{alg}^ω(D_p)$ of volume preserving algebraic vector fields, thus answering a question posed by Lind and the first author. Also we show algebraic volume density property (short AVDP) for a certain homology plane, a homogeneous space of the form $SL_2 (\mathbb{C}) /N$, where $N$ is the normalizer of the maximal torus and another related example. At th…
For an affine variety $S$ we consider the ring $AK(S),$ which is the intersection of the rings of constants of all locally-nilpotent derivations of the ring $\Cal {O}(S).$ We show that $AK(S\times\Bbb {C}^n)=AK(S)$ for a smooth affine surface $S$ with $H^2(S,\Bbb {Z})=\{0\}.$
Let $A$ be an algebra over a field $K$ of characteristic zero, let $\d_1, >..., \d_s\in \Der_K(A)$ be {\em commuting locally nilpotent} $K$-derivations such that $\d_i(x_j)=\d_{ij}$, the Kronecker delta, for some elements $x_1,..., x_s\in A$. A set of algebra generators for the algebra $A^\d:= \cap_{i=1}^s\ker (\d_i)$ is found {\em explicitly} and a set of {\em defining relations} for the algebra $A^\d$ is described. Similarly, given a set $\s_1, ..., \s_s\in \Aut_K(A)$ of {\em commuting} $K$-automorphisms of the algebra $A$ such that the maps $\s_i-{\rm id_A}$ are {\em locally nilpotent} and …
Regular nilpotent Hessenberg varieties form a family of subvarieties of the flag variety arising in the study of quantum cohomology, geometric representation theory, and numerical analysis. In this paper we construct a paving by affines of regular nilpotent Hessenberg varieties for all classical types, generalizing results of de Concini-Lusztig-Procesi and Kostant. This paving is in fact the intersection of a particular Bruhat decomposition with the Hessenberg variety. The nonempty cells of the paving and their dimensions are identified by combinatorial conditions on roots. We use the paving t…
We prove that a conical symplectic variety with maximal weight 1 is isomorphic to one of the following: (i) an affine space with the standard symplectic form (ii) a nilpotent orbit closure of a complex semisimple Lie algebra with the Kirillov-Kostant form.
We prove an explicit formula for the Poincaré polynomials of parabolic character varieties of Riemann surfaces with semisimple local monodromies, which was conjectured by Hausel, Letellier and Rodriguez-Villegas. Using an approach of Mozgovoy and Schiffmann the problem is reduced to counting pairs of a parabolic vector bundles and a nilpotent endomorphism of prescribed generic type. The generating function counting these pairs is shown to be a product of Macdonald polynomials and the function counting pairs without parabolic structure. The modified Macdonald polynomial $\tilde H_λ[X;q,t]$ is i…
In the present work we consider differential rings of the form $(\mathcal B,D)$ where $\mathcal B$ is a Danielewski surface and $D$ is a locally nilpotent derivation on $\mathcal B$. Influenced by several recent works, we describe the isotropy group of a locally nilpotent derivation, $D$, on Danielewski surfaces, in the cases $xy = φ(z)$, $x^ny=φ(Z)$, and $f(x)x = φ(z)$.
We prove that every derivation and every locally nilpotent derivation of the subalgebra $K[x^n, x^{n-1}y,\ldots,xy^{n-1}, y^n]$, where $n\geq 2$, of the polynomial algebra $K[x,y]$ in two variables over a field $K$ of characteristic zero is induced by a derivation and a locally nilpotent derivation of $K[x,y]$, respectively. Moreover, we prove that every automorphism of $K[x^n, x^{n-1}y,\ldots,xy^{n-1}, y^n]$ over an algebraically closed field $K$ of characteristic zero is induced by an automorphism of $K[x,y]$. We also show that the group of automorphisms of $K[x^n, x^{n-1}y,\ldots,xy^{n-1}, …
Let $P_n=k[x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n]$ be the polynomial algebra over a field $k$ of characteristic zero in the variables $x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n$ and $\mathscr{L}_n$ be the left-symmetric algebra of all derivations of $P_n$ \cite{Dzhuma99,UU2014-1}. Using the language of $\mathscr{L}_n$, for every derivation $D\in \mathscr{L}_n$ we define the associative algebra $A_D$, the Lie algebra $L_D$, and the left-symmetric algebra $\mathscr{L}_D$ related to the study of the Jacobian Conjecture. For every derivation $D\in \mathscr{L}_n$ there is a unique $n$-tuple $F=(f_1,f_2,\ldots,f_n)$ of elements of $P_n$ suc…
