A Note on Anti-Pluricanonical Maps for 5-Folds

关于一般型射影4-重的多重典范映射与典范体积

On the pluricanonical map and the canonical volume of projective 4-folds of general type

本文研究了一般型非奇异射影4-重的多重典范映射双有理性的有效界及典范体积下界，证明了当m≥76m0+77时φ_m双有理，并给出Vol(V)的下界，改进了Meng Chen的早期结果。

The relative pluricanonical stability for 3-folds of general type

This paper aims to improve a theorem of Janos Kollar. For a given Complex projective threefold X of general type, suppose the plurigenus p_k(X)\ge 2, Kollar proved that the (11k+5)-canonical map is birational. Here we show that either the (7k+3)-canonical map or the (7k+5)-canonical map is birational and that the m-canonical map is stably birational for m\ge 13k+6. If P_k(X)\ge 3, then the m-canonical map is stably birational for m\ge 10k+8. In particular, the 12-canonical map is birational when p_g(X)\ge 2 and the 11-canonical map is birational when p_g(X)\ge 3.

一般型三维流形的多重典范映射的通用有限性

On generic finiteness of pluricanonical maps of threefolds of general type

本文证明了对满足P2(X)≥2的一般型极小三维流形X，|6K_X|定义通用有限映射，且该结果最优；同时证明对所有一般型极小三维流形X，当n≥38时|nK_X|定义通用有限映射。关键技术是曲面的新通用有限性准则和特殊解消下的有效比较不等式。

Anti-Pluricanonical Systems On Q-Fano Threefolds

We investigate birationality of the anti-pluricanonical map $ϕ_{-m}$, the rational map defined by the anti-pluricanonical system $|-mK|$, on $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano threefolds.

On projective 3-folds of general type with small positive geometric genus

In this paper we study pluricanonical maps of minimal projective 3-folds of general type with geometric genus $1$, $2$ and $3$. We go in the direction pioneered by Enriques and Bombieri, and other authors, pinning down, for low projective genus, a finite list of exceptions to the birationality of some pluricanonical map. In particular, apart from a finite list of weighted baskets, we prove the birationality of $φ_{16}$, $φ_{6}$ and $φ_{5}$ respectively.

Effective birationality of pluricanonical systems

This is a sequal paper to math.AG/9909021. By using the theory of AZD originated by the author, I prove that for every smooth projective $n$-fold $X$ of general type and every \[ m\geq \lceil\sum_{\ell =1}^{n}\sqrt[\ell]{2} \ell\rceil +1, \] $\mid mK_{X}\mid$ gives a birational rational map from $X$ into a projective space, unless it has a nontrivial (relative dimension is positive) rational fiber space structure whose general fiber is birational to a variety of relatively low degree in a projective space.

Pluricanonical systems of projective varieties of general type

We prove that there exists a positive integer $ν_{n}$ depending only on $n$ such that for every smooth projective $n$-fold of general type $X$ defined over {\bf C}, $\mid mK_{X}\mid$ gives a birational rational map from $X$ into a projective space for every $m\geq ν_{n}$. This theorem gives an affirmative answer to Severi's conjecture. The key ingredients of the proof are the theory of AZD which was originated by the aurhor and the subadjunction formula for AZD's of logcanoncial divisors.

Anti-pluricanonical systems on Fano varieties

In this paper, we study the linear systems $|-mK_X|$ on Fano varieties $X$ with klt singularities. In a given dimension $d$, we prove $|-mK_X|$ is non-empty and contains an element with "good singularities" for some natural number $m$ depending only on $d$; if in addition $X$ is $ε$-lc for some $ε>0$, then we show that we can choose $m$ depending only on $d$ and $ε$ so that $|-mK_X|$ defines a birational map. Further, we prove Shokurov's conjecture on boundedness of complements, and show that certain classes of Fano varieties form bounded families.

Explicit birational geometry of 3-folds and 4-folds of general type, III

Nonsingular projective 3-folds $V$ of general type can be naturally classified into 18 families according to the {\it pluricanonical section index} $δ(V):=\text{min}\{m|P_m\geq 2\}$ since $1\leq δ(V)\leq 18$ due to our previous series (I, II). Based on our further classification to 3-folds with $δ(V)\geq 13$ and an intensive geometrical investigation to those with $δ(V)\leq 12$, we prove that $\text{Vol}(V) \geq \frac{1}{1680}$ and that the pluricanonical map $Φ_{m}$ is birational for all $m \geq 61$, which greatly improves known results. An optimal birationality of $Φ_m$ for the case $δ(V)=2$…

Automorphism groups and anti-pluricanonical curves

We show the existence of an anti-pluricanonical curve on every smooth projective rational surface X which has an infinite group G of automorphisms of either null entropy or of type Z . Z (semi-direct product), provided that the pair (X, G) is minimal. This was conjectured by Curtis T. McMullen (2005) and further traced back to Marat Gizatullin and Brian Harbourne (1987). We also prove (perhaps) the strongest form of the famous Tits alternative theorem.

关于一般型簇的多重典范有界性

On pluricanonical boundedness of varieties of general type

本文给出 Chen–Jiang 定理的新证明，修正原证明漏洞，并利用该方法改进 Lacini 的有界性定理，证明一般型 n 维簇的 r-典范映射具有双有理有界纤维，从而肯定回答 Chen 和 Jiang 2014 年提出的问题。

Explicit birational geometry of 3-folds of general type, I

Let $V$ be a complex nonsingular projective 3-fold of general type. We prove $P_{12}(V):=\text{dim} H^0(V, 12K_V)>0$ and $P_{m_0}(V)>1$ for some positive integer $m_0\leq 24$. A direct consequence is the birationality of the pluricanonical map $φ_m$ for all $m\geq 126$. Besides, the canonical volume $\text{Vol}(V)$ has a universal lower bound $ν(3)\geq \frac{1}{63\cdot 126^2}$.

On the canonical volume of 3-folds of general type with $P_{12}\geq 2$

Let $V$ be a nonsingular projective 3-fold of general type. When the pluricanonical section index $δ(V)>12$, Chen-Chen \cite{Chen3} has a complete list of the possibility for the weighted basket ${\mathbb B}(V)$. However the possibility of ${\mathbb B}(V)$ could be infinite in the situation $δ(V)\leq 12$, which is the main challenge to the classification. In this paper we mainly study the case with $δ(V)=12$ and show that $Vol(V)\geq \frac{31}{48048}$, which improves the corresponding result of Chen--Chen \cite[Prop. 4.9(5)]{Chen3}.

关于一般型三维流形大体积的双CANONICAL映射

On bicanonical maps of threefolds of general type with large volumes

研究一般型三维流形大体积的双CANONICAL映射的维度以及大canonical体积的pluricanonical映射的纤维结构

一般型簇的典范稳定性指标的提升原理

A lifting principle for canonical stability indices of varieties of general type

本文证明了一般型光滑射影簇典范稳定性指标序列的提升原理，将 $r_n$ 与高维、大典范体积簇的指标联系起来，并给出多典范映射双有理性的等价体积判据。

Finiteness results for 3-folds with semiample anticanonical bundle

We prove some finiteness results on the movable cone for mildly singular 3-folds with semiample anticanonical bundle, giving some evidence for the Morrison--Kawamata cone conjecture for klt pairs.

On the anti-canonical geometry of $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano 3-folds

For a $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano 3-fold $X$ on which $K_X$ is a canonical divisor, we investigate the geometry induced from the linear system $|-mK_X|$ in this paper and prove that the anti-$m$-canonical map $φ_{-m}$ is birational onto its image for all $m\geq 39$. By a weak $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano 3-fold $X$ we mean a projective one with at worst terminal singularities on which $-K_X$ is $\mathbb{Q}$-Cartier, nef and big. For weak $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano 3-folds, we prove that $φ_{-m}$ is birational onto its image for all $m\geq 97$.

On the minimal length of extremal rays for Fano 4-folds

The minimum of intersection numbers of the anti-canonical divisor with rational curves on a Fano manifold is called pseudo-index. It is expected that the intersection number of anti-canonical divisor attains to the minimum on an extremal ray, i.e. there exists an extremal rational curve whose intersection number with the anti-canonical divisor equals the pseudo-index. In this note, we prove this for smooth Fano 4-folds having birational contractions.

On the boundedness of anti-canonical volumes of singular Fano $3$-folds in characteristic $p>5$

In this article we prove the following version of the Weak-BAB conjecture for $3$-folds in char $p>5$: Fix a DCC set $I\subset [0, 1)$ and an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p>5$. Let $\mathfrak{D}$ be a collection of klt pairs $(X, Δ)$ satisfying the following properties: (1) $X$ is a projective $3$-fold, (2) $Δ$ is an $\mathbb{R}$-divisor with coefficients in $I$, (3) $K_X+Δ\equiv 0$, and (4) $-K_X$ is ample. Then the set $\{\mbox{vol}_X(-K_X) \ | \ (X, Δ)\in\mathfrak{D}\mbox{ for some }Δ\}$ is bounded from above.

有限域上具有丰反典范类的3-折叠的有理点

Rational points on 3-folds with nef anti-canonical class over finite fields

本文利用极小模型程序在完美域上建立了广义log Calabi-Yau 3-折叠对的结构结果，并证明了在特征p>5且基数q>19的有限域上，具有丰反典范类与负Kodaira维数或具有平凡典范类且非零第一Betti数的几何整光滑3-折叠存在有理点。

Smooth Fano four folds in Gorenstein formats

We construct some new deformation families of four-dimensional Fano manifolds of index $1$ in some known classes of Gorenstein formats. These families have explicit descriptions in terms of equations, defining their image under the anti-canonical embedding in some weighted projective space. The constructed families have relatively smaller anti-canonical degrees than most other known families of smooth Fano 4-folds.

On the anti-canonical geometry of weak $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano threefolds, II

By a canonical (resp. terminal) weak $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano $3$-fold we mean a normal projective one with at worst canonical (resp. terminal) singularities on which the anti-canonical divisor is $\mathbb{Q}$-Cartier, nef and big. For a canonical weak $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano $3$-fold $V$, we show that there exists a terminal weak $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano $3$-fold $X$, being birational to $V$, such that the $m$-th anti-canonical map defined by $|-mK_{X}|$ is birational for all $m\geq 52$. As an intermediate result, we show that for any $K$-Mori fiber space $Y$ of a canonical weak $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano $3$-fold, the $…

Classification of elliptic and K3 fibrations birational to some Q-Fano 3-folds

A complete classification is presented of elliptic and K3 fibrations birational to certain mildly singular complex Fano 3-folds. Detailed proofs are given for one example case, namely that of a general hypersurface X of degree 30 in weighted P^4 with weights 1,4,5,6,15; but our methods apply more generally. For constructing birational maps from X to elliptic and K3 fibrations we use Kawamata blowups and Mori theory to compute anticanonical rings; to exclude other possible fibrations we make a close examination of the strictly canonical singularities of (X,(1/n)H), where H is the linear system …

Three-dimensional toric morphisms with anti-nef canonical divisors

In this paper, we classify projective toric birational morphisms from Gorenstein toric 3-folds onto the 3-dimensional affine space with relatively ample anti-canonical divisors.

Birational Mori fiber structures of Q-Fano 3-fold weighted complete intersections, II

In this paper we study 14 families among 85 families of anticanonically embedded Q-Fano threefolds weighted complete intersections of codimension 2 and show that every quasismooth member is birationally birigid, that is, it is birational to another Q-Fano threefold but not birational to any other Mori fiber space.

Birational Mori fiber structures of $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano $3$-fold weighted complete intersections, III

This is a continuation of a series of papers studying the birational Mori fiber structures of anticanonically embedded $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano $3$-fold weighted complete intersections of codimension $2$. We have proved that $19$ families consists of birationally rigid varieties and $14$ families consists of birationally birigid varieties. The aim of this paper is to continue the work systematically and prove that, among the remaining $52$ families, $21$ families consist of birationally birigid varieties.

具有nef反典范除子的终端三维簇的Miyaoka型不等式

Miyaoka type inequality for terminal threefolds with nef anti-canonical divisors

本文研究带nef反典范除子的终端射影3-簇的Miyaoka型不等式，给出陈类乘积的下界及紧性结果，通过部分分类与例子完成证明，还拓展了终端弱Fano簇的相关非零性与Miyaoka–Kawamata型不等式研究。

Birational geometry of terminal quartic 3-folds. I

This is the unabridged web version of the paper that will be published on the American Journal of Mathematics. In this paper, we study the birational geometry of certain examples of mildly singular quartic 3-folds. A quartic 3-fold is an example of a Fano variety, that is, a variety $X$ with ample anticanonical sheaf $Ø_X(-K_X)$. From the point of view of birational geometry they basically fall within two classes: either $X$ is ``close to being rational'', and then it has very many biregularly distinct birational models as a Fano 3-fold, or, at the other extreme, $X$ has a unique model and it …

刻画具有最小反典范体积的终端法诺三维簇

Characterizing terminal Fano threefolds with the smallest anti-canonical volume

本文刻画了反典范体积达到最小下界 1/330 的非有理 Q-阶乘终端法诺三维簇，证明其为 P(1,5,6,22,33) 中次数 66 的加权超曲面。

The 3-dimensional Lyness map and a self-mirror log Calabi-Yau 3-fold

The 2-dimensional Lyness map is a 5-periodic birational map of the plane which may famously be resolved to give an automorphism of a log Calabi-Yau surface, given by the complement of an anticanonical pentagon of $(-1)$-curves in a del Pezzo surface of degree 5. This surface has many remarkable properties and, in particular, it is mirror to itself. We construct the 3-dimensional big brother of this surface by considering the 3-dimensional Lyness map, which is an 8-periodic birational map. The variety we obtain is a special (non-$\mathbb Q$-factorial) affine Fano 3-fold of type $V_{12}$, and we…

典范 $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano 三维流形的反典范体积的有效上界

An effective upper bound for anti-canonical volumes of canonical $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano threefolds

本文证明了典范弱 $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano 三维流形的反典范体积上界为 $324$，给出了有效估计。

关于弱$\mathbb{Q}$-Fano三维簇的反典范几何，III

On the anti-canonical geometry of weak $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano threefolds, III

本文证明终端弱$\mathbb{Q}$-Fano三维簇的反典范映射在$m\geq59$时均为双有理，推广了反典范几何的已知结果。

Exemples de surfaces canoniques de ${\mathbb P}^6$ et de solides de Calabi-Yau de ${\mathbb P}^7$

Using the global Gulliksen-Negård complex, we build in this note regular canonical surfaces of general type in ${\mathbb P}^6$, Calabi-Yau 3-folds in ${\mathbb P}^7$ and Fano anticanonical 4-folds, all of degree 17 and 20. We also give their Hodge number and syzygies.

Flips from 4-folds with isolated complete intersection singularities whose downstairs have rational bi-elephants

We shall investigate a flipping contraction g : X -> Y from a 4-fold X with at most isolated complete intersection singularities. If Y has an anti-bi-canonical divisor (=bi-elephant) with only rational singularities, then g carries an inductive structure chained up by blow-ups (La Torre Pendente), and in particular the flip exists. This naturally contains Miles Reid's `Pagoda' as an anti-canonical divisor (=elephant) and its proper transforms.

奇异 Fano 三体簇的反典范体积的一个有效上界

An effective upper bound for anti-canonical volumes of singular Fano threefolds

本文研究奇异 Fano 三体簇的反典范体积上界，证明对 $0<ε<1/3$ 的 $ε$-klt Fano $3$-维簇，其反典范体积至多为 $3200/ε^4$，并证明该阶 $O(1/ε^4)$ 不可改进。

刻画具有最小反典范体积的终端法诺三维簇，II

Characterizing terminal Fano threefolds with the smallest anti-canonical volume, II

本文证明具有最小反典范体积 1/330 且皮卡德数为 1 的 Q-阶乘终端法诺三维簇必为 P(1,5,6,22,33) 中的 66 次加权超曲面，并将同类刻画推广到 Iano-Fletcher 列表中的另外 11 个加权超曲面例子。

On explicit birational geometry for weak Fano varieties and polarised Calabi-Yau varieties

Given a natural number $l$ and a weak Fano $n$-fold $X$ with $\operatorname{dim}\overline{φ_{-lK_X}(X)}\geq n-1$, we study the lower bound of the anti-canonical volume and the upper bound of the anti-canonical stability index. The method can also be used to give similar bounds for polarised Calabi-Yau varieties.

Fano 3-folds, K3 surfaces and graded rings

Explicit birational geometry of 3-folds represents a second phase of Mori theory, going beyond the foundational work of the 1980s. This paper is a tutorial and colloquial introduction to the explicit classification of Fano 3-folds (Q-Fano 3-folds), a subject that we hope is nearing completion. With the intention of remaining accessible to beginners in algebraic geometry, we include examples of elementary calculations of graded rings over curves and K3 surfaces. For us, K3 surfaces have at worst Du Val singularities and are polarised by an ample Weil divisor; they occur as the general elephant …

具有 nef 反典范丛的紧 Kähler 三维流形

Compact Kähler three-folds with nef anti-canonical bundle

本文研究非射影紧 Kähler 三维流形在反典范丛 nef 时的结构，借助极小模型纲领、正像层正性、Q-conic 丛与 orbifold 向量丛，证明其有限 étale 覆盖后仅有三类，并将 Cao–Höring 结构定理推广至三维。

On birational boundedness of some Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces

We show the birational boundedness of anti-canonical irreducible hypersurfaces which form 3-fold plt pairs. We also treat a collection of Du Val K3 surfaces which is birationally bounded but unbounded.

New Constructions of Complex Manifolds

For a generic anti-canonical hypersurface in each smooth toric Fano 4-fold with rank 2 Picard group, we prove there exist three isolated rational curves in it. Moreover, for all these 4-folds except one, the contractions of generic anti-canonical hypersurfaces along the three rational curves can be deformed to smooth threefolds diffeomorphic to connected sums of S^{3} \times S^{3}. In this manner, we obtain complex structures with trivial canonical bundles on some connected sums of S^{3} \times S^{3}. This construction is an analogue of that in Friedman [7], Lu and Tian [12] which used only qu…