The bad locus and the rude locus of an ample and base point free linear system on a smooth complex projective variety are introduced and studied. The bad locus is defined as the set of points that force divisors through them to be reducible. The rude locus is defined as the set of points such that divisors that are singular at them are forced to be reducible. The existence of a nonmempty bad locus is shown to be exclusively a two dimensional phenomenon. Polarized surfaces of small degree, or whose degree is the square of a prime, with nonempty bad loci are completely classified. Several explicit examples are offered to describe the variety of behaviors of the two loci.
In this short note we show that, for any ample embedding of a variety of dimension at least two in a projective space, all high enough degree Veronese re-embeddings have non-empty Terracini loci.
In this paper we consider ideal sheaves associated to the singular loci of a divisor in a linear system $|L|$ of an ample line bundle on a complex abelian variety. We prove an effective result on their (continuous) global generation, after suitable twists by powers of $L$. Moreover we show that similar results hold for subvarieties of a complex abelian variety.
Let $(X,L,V)$ be a triplet where $X$ is an irreducible smooth complex projective variety, $L$ is an ample and spanned line bundle on $X$ and $V\subseteq H^0(X,L)$ spans $L$. The discriminant locus $\Cal D(X,V) \subset |V|$ is the algebraic subset of singular elements of $|V|$. We study the components of $\Cal D(X,V)$ in connection with the jumping sets of $(X,V)$, generalizing the classical biduality theorem. We also deal with the degree of the discriminant (codegree of $(X,L,V)$) giving some bounds on it and classifying curves and surfaces of codegree 2 and 3. We exclude the possibility for t…
We determine non hyper elliptic curves of genus $g(C)\geq 9$, such that for some very ample line bundle on them and for some integers d and r with some prescribed assumptions, the dimension of secant loci, attains one less than its maximum value. Then we proceed to generalize and extend a problem of M. Coppens to Secant Loci.
We show that the Nakai--Moishezon ampleness criterion holds for real line bundles on complete schemes. As applications, we treat the relative Nakai--Moishezon ampleness criterion for real line bundles and the Nakai--Moishezon ampleness criterion for real line bundles on complete algebraic spaces. The main ingredient of this paper is Birkar's characterization of augmented base loci of real divisors on projective schemes.
We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a big and nef line bundle L of any degree on a K3 surface or Enriques surface to be k-very ample and k-spanned. Furthermore, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a spanned and big line bundle on a K3 surface to be birationally k-very ample and birationally k-spanned, and relate these concepts to the Clifford index and gonality of smooth curves in |L|.
Zero-schemes on smooth complex projective varieties, forcing all elements of ample and free linear systems to be reducible are studied. Relationships among the minimal length of such zero-schemes, the positivity of the line bundle associated with the linear system, and the dimension of the variety are established. A generalization to higher dimension subschemes is studied in the last section.
Here we study vector bundles $E$ on the Hirzebruch surface $F_e$ such that their twists by a spanned, but not ample, line bundle $M = \mathcal {O}_{F_e}(h+ef)$ have natural cohomology, i.e. $h^0(F_e,E(tM)) >0$ implies $h^1(F_e,E(tM)) = 0$.
Given a covering f: X \to Y of projective manifolds, we consider the vector bundle E on Y given as the dual of f_*(Ø_X) / Ø_Y. This vector bundles often has positivity properties, e.g. E is ample when Y is projective space by a theorem of Lazarsfeld. In general however E will not be ample due to the geometry of Y. We prove various results when E is spanned, nef or generically nef, under some assumptions on the base Y.
Let V be a rank N vector bundle on a d-dimensional complex projective scheme X; assume that V is equipped with a skew-symmetric bilinear form with values in a line bundle L and that Λ^2 V^* \otimes L is ample. Suppose that the maximum rank of the form at any point of X is r, where r>0 is even. The main result of this paper is that if d>2(N-r), then the locus of points where the rank of the form is at most r-2 is nonempty. This is a skew-symmetric analogue of the main result of math.AG/0305159; the proof is similar. If the hypothesis of ampleness is relaxed, we obtain a weaker estimate on the m…
We investigate the nef cone spanned by the diagonal and the fibre classes of second symmetric product of a curve of genus $g$. This 2-dimensional nef cone gives a characterization of double covers of curves of genus $\le \frac{g-1}{8}$. This is a generalization of a result by Debarre.
We study the homotopy groups of complements to reducible divisors on non-singular projective varieties with ample components and isolated non normal crossings. We prove a vanishing theorem generalizing conditions for commutativity of the fundamental groups. The calculation of supports of non vanishing homotopy groups as modules over the fundamental group in terms of the geometry of the locus of non-normal crossings is discussed. We review previous work on the local study of isolated non-normal crossings and relate the motivic zeta function to the local polytopes of quasiadjunction. As an appli…
An Okounkov body is a convex subset of Euclidean space associated to a divisor on a smooth projective variety with respect to an admissible flag. In this paper, we recover the asymptotic base loci from the Okounkov bodies by studying various asymptotic invariants such as the asymptotic valuations and the moving Seshadri constants. Consequently, we obtain the nefness and ampleness criteria of divisors in terms of the Okounkov bodies. Furthermore, we compute the divisorial Zariski decomposition by the Okounkov bodies, and find upper and lower bounds for moving Seshadri constants given by the siz…
Let $(X,L)$ be an $n$-dimensional polarized variety. Fujita's conjecture says that if $L^n>1$ then the adjoint bundle $K_X+nL$ is spanned and $K_X+(n+1)L$ is very ample. There are some examples such that $K_X+nL$ is not spanned or $K_X+(n+1)L$ is not very ample. These are $(¶^n,Ø(1))$, hypersurface $M$ of degree $6$ in weighted projective space $¶(3,2,1,1,\cdots ,1)$ with $Ø_M(1)$ and numerically Godeaux surface etc. Numerically Godeaux surface is the quotient space of a Fermat type hypersurface of degree $5$ in $¶^3$ by an action of order $5$. These examples are not so much. We construct new …
Smooth complex surfaces polarized with an ample and globally generated line bundle of degree three and four, such that the adjoint bundle is not globally generated, are considered. Scrolls of a vector bundle over a smooth curve are shown to be the only examples in degree three. Two classes of examples in degree four are presented, one of which is shown to characterize regular such pairs. A Reider-type theorem is obtained in which the assumption on the degree of the polarization is removed.
After giving an explicit description of all the non vanishing Dolbeault cohomology groups of ample line bundles on grassmannians, I give two series of vanishing theorems for ample vector bundles on a smooth projective variety. They imply a part of a conjecture by Fulton and Lazarsfeld about the connectivity of some degeneracy loci.
We prove a general vanishing theorem for the cohomology of products of symmetric and skew-symmetric powers of an ample vector bundle on a smooth complex projective variety. Special cases include an extension of classical theorems of Griffiths and Le Potier to the whole Dolbeault cohomology, and an answer to a problem raised by Demailly. An application to degeneracy loci is given.
In this paper we study the Brill Noether locus of rank 2, (semi)stable vector bundles with at least two sections and of suitable degrees on a general $ν$-gonal curve. We classify its reduced components whose dimensions are at least the corresponding Brill-Noether number. We moreover describe the general member $\mathcal F$ of such components just in terms of extensions of line bundles with suitable {\em minimality properties}, providing information on the birational geometry of such components as well as on the very-ampleness of $\mathcal F$.
Let V be a rank N vector bundle on a d-dimensional complex projective scheme X; assume that V is equipped with a quadratic form with values in a line bundle L and that S^2 V^* \otimes L is ample. Suppose that the maximum rank of the quadratic form at any point of X is r > 0. The main result of this paper is that if d > N-r, then the locus of points where the rank of the quadratic form is at most r-1 is nonempty. We give some applications to subschemes of matrices, and to degeneracy loci associated to embeddings in projective space. The paper concludes with an appendix on Gysin maps. The main r…
We approach non-divisorial base loci of big and nef line bundles on irreducible symplectic varieties. While for K3 surfaces, only divisorial base loci can occur, nothing was known about the behaviour of non-divisorial base loci for more general irreducible symplectic varieties. We determine the base loci of all big and nef line bundles on the Hilbert scheme of two points on very general K3 surfaces of genus two and on their birational models. Remarkably, we find an ample line bundle with a non-trivial base locus in codimension two. We deduce that, generically in the moduli spaces of polarized …
We extend to normal projective varieties defined over an arbitrary algebraically closed field a result of Ein, Lazarsfeld, Mustaţă, Nakamaye and Popa characterizing the augmented base locus (aka non-ample locus) of a line bundle on a smooth projective complex variety as the union of subvarieties on which the restricted volume vanishes. We also give a proof of the folklore fact that the complement of the augmented base locus is the largest open subset on which the Kodaira map defined by large and divisible multiples of the line bundle is an isomorphism.
Let B be a nef and big line bundle on a smooth complex threefold X with canonical bundle K. Let x be a point on X and suppose that BC\ge3 for any curve C passing x, B^2S\ge7 for any surface S containing x, and B^3\ge51. Then K+B is spanned at x. (Ein-Lazarsfeld proved the assertion assuming B^3\ge92.) Corollary: K+3L is spanned if L is an ample line bundle with L^3>1.
Let $X$ be a compact complex manifold of dimension $n\ge 2$ and $\ce$ an ample vector bundle of rank $r<n$ on $X$. As the continuation of Part I, we further study the properties of $g(X,\ce)$ that is an invariant for pairs $(X,\ce)$ and is equal to curve genus when $r=n-1$. Main results are the classifications of $(X,\ce)$ with $g(X,\ce)=2$ (resp. 3) when $\ce$ has a regular section (resp. $\ce$ is ample and spanned) and $1<r<n-1$.
A new genus $g=g(X,\ce)$ is defined for the pairs $(X,\ce)$ that consist of $n$-dimensional compact complex manifolds $X$ and ample vector bundles $\ce$ of rank $r$ less than $n$ on $X$. In case $r=n-1$, $g$ is equal to curve genus. Above pairs $(X,\ce)$ with $g$ less than two are classified. For spanned $\ce$ it is shown that $g$ is greater than or equal to the irregularity of $X$, and its equality condition is given.
The bad locus of a base-point free linear system L on a normal complex projective variety X is defined as the subset B(L) of X of points that are not contained in any irreducible and reduced member of L. In this paper we provide a geometric description of such locus in terms of the morphism defined by L. In particular, assume that the dimension of X is at least 2, and that L is the complete linear system associated to an ample and spanned line bundle. It is known that in this case B(L) is empty unless X is a surface. Then we prove that, when the latter occurs, B(L) is not empty if and only if …
Let Y be a subvariety of a smooth projective variety X, and V a vector bundle on X. Given that the restriction of V to Y splits into a direct sum of line bundles, we ask whether V splits on X. I answer this question in affirmative if holds: Y is a q-ample subvariety of X (for appropriate q), it admits sufficiently many embedded deformations, and is very general within its own deformation space. The result goes beyond the previously known splitting criteria for vector bundles corresponding to restrictions. It allows to treat in a unified way examples arising in totally different situations. I d…
A $k$-very ample line bundle L on a Del Pezzo Surface is numerically characterized. We find that the set of the exceptional curves and effective divisors with selfintersection zero, $\cal S$, plays a very important rule in checking the nefness and $k$-very ampleness of a line bundle on a Del pezzo Surface. We show that a line bundle L is nef if and only if it is spanned and that L is $k$-very ample if and only if the intersection with all the elements of $\cal S$ is greater or equal than k. In the first part of the paper we give a complete numerical description of the elements of $\cal S$ .
We consider the action of a semisimple subgroup $\hat G$ of a semisimple complex group $G$ on the flag variety $X=G/B$, and the linearizations of this action by line bundles $\mathcal L$ on $X$. The main result is an explicit description of the associated unstable locus in dependence of $\mathcal L$, as well as a combinatorial formula for its (co)dimension. We observe that the codimension is equal to 1 on the regular boundary of the $\hat G$-ample cone, and grows towards the interior in steps by 1, in a way that the line bundles with unstable locus of codimension $q$ form a convex polyhedral c…
We investigate the minimal singularities of metrics on a big line bundle $L$ over a projective manifold when the stable base locus $Y$ of $L$ is a submanifold of codimension $r\geq 1$. Under some assumptions on the normal bundle and a neighborhood of $Y$, we give a explicit description of the minimal singularity of metrics on $L$. We apply this result to study a higher (co-)dimensional analogue of Zariski's example, in which the line bundle $L$ is not semi-ample, however it is nef and big.
Let $X$ be a normal projective variety defined over an algebraically closed field and let $Z$ be a subvariety. Let $D$ be an $\mathbb R$-Cartier $\mathbb R$-divisor on $X$. Given an expression $(\ast) \ D \sim_{\mathbb R} t_1 H_1 + \ldots + t_s H_s$ with $t_i \in \mathbb R$ and $H_i$ very ample, we define the $(\ast)$-restricted volume of $D$ to $Z$ and we show that it coincides with the usual restricted volume when $Z \not\subseteq \mathbf{B}_+(D)$. Then, using some recent results of Birkar (arXiv:1312.0239), we generalize to $\mathbb R$-divisors the two main results of arXiv:1305.4284 by Bou…
We show that the augmented base locus coincides with the exceptional locus (i.e. null locus) for any nef $\mathbb{R}$-Cartier divisor on any scheme projective over a field (of any characteristic). Next we prove a semi-ampleness criterion in terms of the augmented base locus generalizing a result of Keel. We also study nef divisors with positive top intersection number, and discuss some problems related to augmented base loci of log divisors.
In this paper, we study the relative anti-canonical divisor $-K_{X/Y}$ of an algebraic fiber space $ϕ: X \to Y$, and we reveal relations among positivity conditions of $-K_{X/Y}$, certain flatness of direct image sheaves, and variants of the base loci including the stable (augmented, restricted) base loci and upper level sets of Lelong numbers. This paper contains three main results: The first result says that all the above base loci are located in the horizontal direction unless they are empty. The second result is an algebraic proof for Campana--Cao--Matsumura's equality on Hacon--$\rm{M^c}$…
Let X be a nonsingular simply connected projective variety of dimension m, E a rank n vector bundle on X, and L a line bundle on X. Suppose that $S^2(E^{*}) \otimes L$ is an ample vector bundle and that there is a constant even rank $r \ge 2$ symmetric bundle map $E \to E^{*} \otimes L$. We prove that $m \le n-r$. We use this result to solve the constant rank problem for symmetric matrices, proving that the maximal dimension of a linear subspace of the space of $m\times m$ symmetric matrices such that each nonzero element has even rank $r \ge 2$ is $m-r+1$. We explain how this result relates t…
In this short note, I point out that results of Ballico and Kool--Shende--Thomas together imply that on $K3$, Enriques, and Abelian surfaces, if $L$ is a very ample and $(2p_a(L)-2g-1)$-spanned line bundle, then the equigeneric Severi variety $V_{g}(L)$ of all curves in $|L|$ having genus $g$ is non-empty, irreducible, of the expected dimension, and its general member is a $(p_a(L)-g)$-nodal curve.
Let $Y$ be a smooth complex projective variety of dimension $N+1$, $L$ an invertible sufficiently ample sheaf, $X\in |L|$ a smooth hypersurface and $λ\in F^kH^N(X,C)$ a vanishing cohomology class, where $F^{*}$ is the Hodge filtration and $k\in\{1,...,[N/2]\}$. Assume that $L$ is sufficiently ample and that the codimension in $|L|$ of the Hodge variety associated to $λ$ (locally defined as the locus where the image of $λ$ by flat transport over $|L|$ remains in $F^k$) is sufficiently small. I show that this forces $N$ to be even and $k=[N/2]$, and that the class $λ$ is a linear combination wit…
Michigan State University（密歇根州立大学）；Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Mathématiques d’Orsay（巴黎萨克雷大学，法国国家科学研究中心，奥赛数学实验室）；Sapienza Università di Roma（罗马智慧大学）；Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学）
For a line bundle L on a smooth surface S, it is now known that the degree of the Severi variety of cogenus-d curves is given by a universal polynomial in the Chern classes of L and S if L is d-very ample. For S rational, we relax the latter condition substantially: it suffices that three key loci be of codimension more than d. As corollaries, we prove that the condition conjectured by Göttsche suffices if S is P^2 or S is any Hirzebruch surface, and that a similar condition suffices if S is any classical del Pezzo surface.
Let X be a smooth complex projective manifold of dimension n equipped with an ample line bundle L and a rank k holomorphic vector bundle E. We assume that 0< k <=n, that X, E and L are defined over the reals and denote by RX the real locus of X. Then, we estimate from above and below the expected Betti numbers of the vanishing loci in RX of holomorphic real sections of E tensored with L^d, where d is a large enough integer. Moreover, given any closed connected codimension k submanifold S of R^n with trivial normal bundle, we prove that a real section of E tensored with L^d has a positive proba…
Given an ample line bundle L on a K3 surface S, we study the slope stability with respect to L of rank-3 Lazarsfeld-Mukai bundles associated with complete, base point free nets of type g^2_d on curves C in the linear system |L|. When d is large enough and C is general, we obtain a dimensional statement for the variety W^2_d(C). If the Brill-Noether number is negative, we prove that any g^2_d on any smooth, irreducible curve in |L| is contained in a g^r_e which is induced from a line bundle on S, thus answering a conjecture of Donagi and Morrison. Applications towards transversality of Brill-No…
We introduce Seshadri constants for line bundles in a relative setting. They generalize the classical Seshadri constants of line bundles on projective varieties and their extension to vector bundles studied by Beltrametti-Schneider-Sommese and Hacon. There are similarities to the classical theory. In particular, we give a Seshadri-type ampleness criterion, and we relate Seshadri constants to jet separation and to asymptotic base loci. We give three applications of our new version of Seshadri constants. First, a celebrated result of Mori can be restated as saying that any Fano manifold whose ta…
In the present note, we focus on certain properties of special curves that might be used in the theory of multi-point Seshadri constants for ample line bundles on the complex projective plane. In particular, we provide three Ein-Lazarsfeld-Xu-type lemmas for plane curves and a lower bound on the multi-point Seshadri constant of $\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^{2}}(1)$ under the assumption that the chosen points are not very general. In the second part, we focus on certain arrangements of points in the plane which are given by line arrangements. We show that in some cases the multi-point Seshadri cons…
