Let $\be$ be a Borel subalgebra of a complex simple Lie algebra $\g$. An ideal of $\be$ is called ad-nilpotent, if it is contained in $[\be,\be]$. The generators of an ad-nilpotent ideal give rise to an antichain in the poset of positive roots, and the whole theory can be expressed in a combinatorial fashion, in terms of antichains. The aim of this paper is to present a refinement of the enumerative theory of ad-nilpotent ideals for the case in which $\g$ has roots of different length. An antichain is called short, if it consists of short roots. We obtain, for short antichains, analogues of all results known for the usual antichains.
We characterize in simple terms the Pak-Stanley labels $λ(R)$ of the regions $R$ of the $m$-Catalan arrangement. We also propose a simple algorithm that returns $R$ from $λ(R)$. Finally, we characterize in close terms the labels of the relatively bounded regions.
In [9], Terao proved the freeness of multi-Coxeter arrangements with constant multiplicities by giving an explicit construction of bases. Combining it with algebro-geometric method, Yoshinaga proved the freeness of the extended Catalan and Shi arrangements in [11]. However, there have been no explicit constructions of the bases for the logarithmic derivation modules of the extended Catalan and Shi arrangements. In this paper, we give the first explicit construction of them when the root system is of the type $A_2$.
The number of flats of a hyperplane arrangement is considered as a generalization of the Bell number and the Stirling number of the second kind. Robert Gill gave the exponential generating function of the number of flats of the extended Catalan arrangements, using species. In this article, we introduce the species of flats of the extended Catalan and Shi arrangements and they are given by iterated substitution of species of sets and lists. Moreover, we enumerate the flats of these arrangements in terms of infinite matrices.
In this paper, we give a bijection between rooted labeled ordered forests with a selected subset of their leaves and the regions of the type $C$ Catalan arrangement in $\R^n$. We thus obtain a bijective proof of the well-known enumeration formula of these regions ${2^n}n! \binom{2n}{n}$.
Associated with the $r$-Shi arrangement and $r$-Catalan arrangement in $\Bbb{R}^n$, we introduce a cubic matrix for each region to establish two bijections in a uniform way. Firstly, the positions of minimal positive entries in column slices of the cubic matrix will give a bijection from regions of the $r$-Shi arrangement to $O$-rooted labeled $r$-trees. Secondly, the numbers of positive entries in column slices of the cubic matrix will give a bijection from regions of the $r$-Catalan arrangement to pairings of permutation and $r$-Dyck path. Moreover, the numbers of positive entries in row sli…
The set of dominant regions of the $k$-Catalan arrangement of a crystallographic root system $Φ$ is a well-studied object enumerated by the Fuß-Catalan number $Cat^{(k)}(Φ)$. It is natural to refine this enumeration by considering floors and ceilings of dominant regions. A conjecture of Armstrong states that counting dominant regions by their number of floors of a certain height gives the same distribution as counting dominant regions by their number of ceilings of the same height. We prove this conjecture using a bijection that provides even more refined enumerative information.
Let $W$ be a finite Weyl group and $\A$ be the corresponding Weyl arrangement. A deformation of $\A$ is an affine arrangement which is obtained by adding to each hyperplane $H\in\A$ several parallel translations of $H$ by the positive root (and its integer multiples) perpendicular to $H$. We say that a deformation is $W$-equivariant if the number of parallel hyperplanes of each hyperplane $H\in \A$ depends only on the $W$-orbit of $H$. We prove that the conings of the $W$-equivariant deformations are free arrangements under a Shi-Catalan condition and give a formula for the number of chambers.…
An explicit basis for the extended Catalan arrangement of type Dl
College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology（北京化工大学理学院）；Center for University Mathematics Teaching, Nanjing Forestry University（南京林业大学大学数学教学中心）
The ring of locally-constant integer-valued functions on the dominant chamber of the Shi arrangement is endowed with a filtration and a new basis, compatible with this filtration, is found. This basis is compared to the trivial basis. The ring is given a presentation by generators and relations.
In 1986, Shi derived the famous formula $(n+1)^{n-1}$ for the number of regions of the Shi arrangement, a hyperplane arrangement in $\mathbb{R}^n$. There are at least two different bijective explanations of this formula, one by Pak and Stanley, another by Athanasiadis and Linusson. In 1996, Athanasiadis used the finite field method to derive a formula for the number of $k$-dimensional faces of the Shi arrangement for any $k$. Until now, the formula of Athanasiadis did not have a bijective explanation. In this paper, we extend a bijection for regions defined by Bernardi to obtain a bijection be…
In this paper we present a bijection $ω_n$ between two well known families of Catalan objects: the set of facets of the $m$-generalized cluster complex $Δ^m(A_n)$ and the set of dominant regions in the $m$-Catalan arrangement ${\rm Cat}^m(A_n)$, where $m\in\mathbb{N}_{>0}$. In particular, $ω_n$ bijects the facets containing the negative simple root $-α$ to dominant regions having the hyperplane $\{v\in V\mid<v,α>=m\}$ as separating wall. As a result, $ω_n$ restricts to a bijection between the set of facets of the positive part of $Δ^m(A_n)$ and the set of bounded dominant regions in ${\rm Cat}…
For a crystallographic root system, dominant regions in the Catalan hyperplane arrangement are in bijection with antichains in a partial order on the positive roots. For a noncrystallographic root system, the analogous arrangement and regions have importance in the representation theory of an associated graded Hecke algebra. Since there is also an analogous root order, it is natural to hope that a similar bijection can be used to understand these regions. We show that such a bijection does hold for type $H_3$ and for type $I_2(m)$, including arbitrary ratio of root lengths when $m$ is even, bu…
The set of weights of a finite-dimensional representation of a reductive Lie algebra has a natural poset structure ("weight poset"). Studying certain combinatorial problems related to antichains in weight posets, we realised that the best setting is provided by the representations associated with $\mathbb Z$-gradings of simple Lie algebras (arXiv: math.CO 1411.7683). If $\mathfrak g$ is a simple Lie algebra, then a $\mathbb Z$-grading of $\mathfrak g$ induces a $\mathbb Z$-grading of the corresponding root system $Δ$. In this article, we elaborate on a general theory of lower ideals (or antich…
In 1995, the first author introduced a multivariate generating function {$G$} that tracks the distribution of ascents and descents in labeled binary trees. In addition to proving that $G$ is symmetric, he conjectured that $G$ is Schur positive. We prove this conjecture by expanding $G$ positively in terms of ribbon Schur functions. We obtain this expansion using a weight-preserving bijection whose inverse is inspired by the Push-Glide algorithm of Préville-Ratelle and Viennot. In fact, this weight-preserving bijection allows us to establish a stronger version of the first author's conjecture s…
It is well-known that Catalan numbers $C_n = \frac{1}{n+1} \binom{2n}{n}$ count the number of dominant regions in the Shi arrangement of type $A$, and that they also count partitions which are both $n$-cores as well as $(n+1)$-cores. These concepts have natural extensions, which we call here the $m$-Catalan numbers and $m$-Shi arrangement. In this paper, we construct a bijection between dominant regions of the $m$-Shi arrangement and partitions which are both $n$-cores as well as $(mn+1)$-cores. The bijection is natural in the sense that it commutes with the action of the affine symmetric grou…
Let $Φ$ be an irreducible crystallographic root system with Weyl group $W$ and coroot lattice $\check{Q}$, spanning a Euclidean space $V$. Let $m$ be a positive integer and $\aA^m_Φ$ be the arrangement of hyperplanes in $V$ of the form $(α, x) = k$ for $α\in Φ$ and $k = 0, 1,...,m$. It is known that the number $N^+ (Φ, m)$ of bounded dominant regions of $\aA^m_Φ$ is equal to the number of facets of the positive part $Δ^m_+ (Φ)$ of the generalized cluster complex associated to the pair $(Φ, m)$ by S. Fomin and N. Reading. We define a statistic on the set of bounded dominant regions of $\aA^m_Φ$…
The modules of logarithmic derivations for the (extended) Catalan and Shi arrangements associated with root systems are known to be free. However, except for a few cases, explicit bases for such modules are not known. In this paper, we construct explicit bases for type $A$ root systems. Our construction is based on Bandlow-Musiker's integral formula for a basis of the space of quasiinvariants. The integral formula can be considered as an expression for the inverse of the primitive derivation introduced by K. Saito. We prove that the discrete analogues of the integral formulas provide bases for…
