This is a contribution to the Special Issue on Kac-Moody Algebras and Applications, published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
In this paper we prove that for any commutative (but in general non-associative) algebra $A$ with an invariant symmetric non-degenerate bilinear form there is a graded vertex algebra $V = V_0 \oplus V_2 \oplus V_3\oplus ...$, such that $\dim V_0 = 1$ and $V_2$ contains $A$. We can choose $V$ so that if $A$ has a unit $e$, then $2e$ is the Virasoro element of $V$, and if $G$ is a finite group of automorphisms of $A$, then $G$ acts on $V$ as well. In addition, the algebra $V$ can be chosen with a non-degenerate invariant bilinear form, in which case it is simple.
If a vertex operator algebra $V=\oplus_{n=0}^{\infty}V_n$ satisfies $\dim V_0=1, V_1=0$, then $V_2$ has a commutative (nonassociative) algebra structure called Griess algebra. One of the typical examples of commutative (nonassociative) algebras is a Jordan algebra. For example, the set $Sym_d(\C)$ of symmetric matrices of degree $d$ becomes a Jordan algebra. On the other hand, in the theory of vertex operator algebras, central charges influence the properties of vertex operator algebras. In this paper, we construct vertex operator algebras with central charge $c$ and its Griess algebra is isom…
We consider a series of VOAs generated by 3-dimensional Griess algebras. We will show that these VOAs can be characterized by their 3-dimensional Griess algebras and their structures are uniquely determined. As an application, we will determine the groups generated by the Miyamoto involutions associated to Virasoro vectors of our VOAs.
We introduce the Z_2-extended Griess algebra of a vertex operator superalgebra with an involution and derive the Matsuo-Norton trace formulae for the extended Griess algebra based on conformal design structure. We illustrate an application of our formulae by reformulating the one-to-one correspondence between 2A-elements of the Baby-monster simple group and N=1 c=7/10 Virasoro subalgebras inside the Baby-monster vertex operator superalgebra.
Let $r \in \BC$ be a complex number, and $d \in \BZ_{\ge 2}$ a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. Ashihara and Miyamoto introduced a vertex operator algebra $\Vam$ of central charge $dr$, whose Griess algebra is isomorphic to the simple Jordan algebra of symmetric matrices of size $d$. In this paper, we prove that the vertex operator algebra $\Vam$ is simple if and only if $r$ is not an integer. Further, in the case that $r$ is an integer (i.e., $\Vam$ is not simple), we give a generator system of the maximal proper ideal $I_{r}$ of the VOA $\Vam$ explicitly.
It is shown how certain idempotents in the Griess algebra generate the discrete series representations for the Virasoro algebra inside the Frenkel-Lepowsky-Meurman's moonshine module vertex operator algebra. It is also shown that each Niemeier lattice determines (in many ways) certain maximal associative subalgebras of the Griess algebra.
Formulae expressing the trace of the composition of several (up to five) adjoint actions of elements of the Griess algebra of a vertex operator algebra are derived under certain assumptions on the action of the automorphism group. They coincide, when applied to the moonshine module $V^\natural$, with the trace formulae obtained in a different way by S.Norton, and the spectrum of idempotents related to 2A, 2B, 3A and 4A element of the Monster is determined by the representation theory of Virasoro algebra at $c=1/2$, $W_3$ algebra at $c=4/5$ or $W_4$ algebra at $c=1$. The generalization to the t…
In this article, we study Griess algebras and vertex operator subalgebras generated by Ising vectors in a moonshine type VOA such that the subgroup generated by the corresponding Miyamoto involutions has the shape $3^2{:}2$ and any two Ising vectors generate a 3C subVOA $U_{3C}$. We show that such a Griess algebra is uniquely determined, up to isomorphisms. The structure of the corresponding vertex operator algebra is also discussed. In addition, we give a construction of such a VOA inside the lattice VOA $V_{E_8^3}$, which gives an explicit example for Majorana representations of the group $3…
We construct a self-dual integral form of the moonshine vertex operator algebra, and show that it has symmetries given by the Fischer-Griess monster simple group. The existence of this form resolves the last remaining open assumption in the proof of the modular moonshine conjecture by Borcherds and Ryba. As a corollary, we find that Griess's original 196884-dimensional representation of the monster admits a positive-definite self-dual integral form with monster symmetry.
Vertex operator algebras generated by Ising vectors of $σ$-type
School of Mathematical Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交大数学科学学院）；Institute of Mathematics, Academia Sinica（中央研究院数学研究所）；Department of Mathematics, Tokyo Woman’s Christian University（东京女子基督教大学数学系）
In this article, we prove that the full automorphism group of the Z_2-orbifold of the Barnes-Wall lattice vertex operator algebra of central charge 32 has the shape $2^{27}.E_6(2)$. In order to identify the group structure, we introduce a graph structure on the Griess algebra and show that it is a rank 3 graph associated to $E_6(2)$.
A vertex operator algebra of lattice type ADE has a standard integral form which extends a Chevalley basis for its degree 1 Lie algebra. This integral form may be used to define a vertex algebra over a commutative ring $R$ and to get a Chevalley group over $R$ of the same type, acting as automorphisms of this vertex algebra. We define vertex algebras of types BCFG over a commutative ring and certain reduced VAs, then get analogous results about automorphism groups. In characteristics 2 and 3, there are exceptionally large automorphism groups. A covering algebra idea of Frohardt and Griess for …
The present paper is another step toward the classification of $\Z\times\Z$-graded Lie algebras: we classify $\Z\times\Z$-graded Lie algebras $A=\oplus_{i,j\in\Z}A_{i,j}$ over a field $F$ of characteristic 0 with dim $A_{i,j}\le1$ for $i,j\in\Z$, satisfying: (1) $Å_0=\oplus_{i\in \Z}Å_{i,0}$ is isomorphic to the centerless Virasoro algebra, (2) $A_{0,-1},A_{0,0},A_{0,1}$ span the 3-dimensional simple Lie algebra $sl_2$, (3) $A$ is generated by the centerless Virasoro algebra and $sl_2$. These algebras include some rank 2 centerless Virasoro algebras, and some rank 2 Block algebras and their ex…
We consider the lower central filtration of the free associative algebra $A_n$ with $n$ generators as a Lie algebra. We consider the associated graded Lie algebra. It is shown that this Lie algebra has a huge center which belongs to the cyclic words, and on the quotient Lie algebra by the center there acts the Lie algebra $W_n$ of polynomial vector fields on $\mathbb{C}^n$. We compute the space $[A_n,A_n]/[A_n,[A_n,A_n]]$ and show that it is isomorphic to the space $Ω^2_{closed}(\mathbb{C}^n) \oplus Ω^4_{closed}(\mathbb{C}^n) \oplus Ω^6_{closed}(\mathbb{C}^n) \oplus ...$.
A natural embedding $A_{m-1}\oplus A_{n-1}\subset A_{mn-1}$ for the corresponding quantum algebras is constructed through the appropriate comultiplication on the generators of each of the $A_{m-1}$ and $A_{n-1}$ algebras. The above embedding is proved in their $q$-boson realization by means of the isomorphism between the $\mathcal{A}_q^{-}$ (mn)$\sim {\otimes} ^n \mathcal{A}_q^{-}$(m)$\sim {\otimes}^m\mathcal{A}_q^{-}$(n) algebras.
We examine the structure of the insertion-elimination Lie algebra on rooted trees introduced in \cite{CK}. It possesses a triangular structure $\g = \n_+ \oplus \mathbb{C}.d \oplus \n_-$, like the Heisenberg, Virasoro, and affine algebras. We show in particular that it is simple, which in turn implies that it has no finite-dimensional representations. We consider a category of lowest-weight representations, and show that irreducible representations are uniquely determined by a "lowest weight" $λ\in \mathbb{C}$. We show that each irreducible representation is a quotient of a Verma-type object, …
Let $U_q(\mathfrak{g})$ be the quantized superalgebra of $\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{gl}(k_1|\ell_1)\oplus\cdots\oplus\mathfrak{gl}(k_m|\ell_m)$ and $H_{m,n}(q,\mathbf{Q})$ the cyclotomic Hecke algebra of type $G(m,1,n)$. We define a right $H_{m,n}(q,\mathbf{Q})$-action on the $n$-fold tensor (super)space of the vector representation of $U_q(\mathfrak{g})$ and prove the Schur--Weyl reciprocity between $U_q(\mathfak{g})$ and $H_{m,n}(q,\mathbf{Q})$.
A sequential effect algebra $(E,0,1, \oplus, \circ)$ is an effect algebra on which a sequential product $\circ$ with certain physics properties is defined, in particular, sequential effect algebra is an important model for studying quantum measurement theory. In 2005, Gudder asked the following problem: If $a, b\in (E,0,1,\oplus, \circ)$ and $a\bot b$ and $a\circ b\bot a\circ b$, is it the case that $2(a\circ b)\leq a^2\oplus b^2$ ? In this paper, we construct an example to answer the problem negatively.
In this paper, we study an impact of Leibniz algebras on the algebraic structure of $\mathbb{N}$-graded vertex algebras. We provide easy ways to characterize indecomposable non-simple $\mathbb{N}$-graded vertex algebras $\oplus_{n=0}^{\infty}V_{(n)}$ such that $\dim V_{(0)}\geq 2$. Also, we examine the algebraic structure of $\mathbb{N}$-graded vertex algebras $V=\oplus_{n=0}^{\infty}V_{(n)}$ such that $\dim~V_{(0)}\geq 2$ and $V_{(1)}$ is a (semi)simple Leibniz algebra that has $sl_2$ as its Levi factor. We show that under suitable conditions this type of vertex algebra is indecomposable but …
The representation scheme ${\tt rep}_n A$ of the 3-dimensional Sklyanin algebra $A$ associated to a plane elliptic curve and n-torsion point contains singularities over the augmentation ideal $\mathfrak{m}$. We investigate the semi-stable representations of the noncommutative blow-up algebra $B=A \oplus \mathfrak{m}t \oplus\mathfrak{m}^2 t^2 \oplus ...$ to obtain a partial resolution of the central singularity ${\tt proj} Z(B) \rightarrow {\tt spec} Z(A)$ such that the remaining singularities in the exceptional fiber determine an elliptic curve and are all of type $\mathbb{C} \times \mathbb{C}…
Let $\tilde{\mathfrak g}$ be an affine Lie algebra of type $A_\ell^{(1)}$. Suppose we're given a $\mathbb Z$-gradation of the corresponding simple finite-dimensional Lie algebra ${\mathfrak g}={\mathfrak g}_{-1}\oplus{\mathfrak g}_0 \oplus {\mathfrak g}_1$; then we also have the induced $\mathbb Z$-gradation of the affine Lie algebra $$\tilde{\mathfrak g}=\tilde{\mathfrak g}_{-1} \oplus \tilde{\mathfrak g}_0 \oplus \tilde{\mathfrak g}_1.$$ Let $L(Λ)$ be a standard module of level 1. Feigin-Stoyanovsky's type subspace $W(Λ)$ is the $\tilde{\mathfrak g}_1$-submodule of $L(Λ)$ generated by the hi…
Let $P(N,V)$ denote the vector space of polynomials of maximal degree less than or equal to $N$ in $V$ independent variables. This space is preserved by the enveloping algebra generated by a set of linear, differential operators representing the Lie algebra $gl(V+1)$. We establish the counterpart of this property for the vector space $P(M,V) \oplus P(N,V)$ for any values of the integers $M,N,V$. We show that the operators preserving $P(M,V) \oplus P(N,V)$ generate an abstract superalgebra (non linear if $Δ=\mid M-N\mid\geq 2$). A family of algebras is also constructed, extending this particula…
The characters $χ_μ$ of nontwisted affine algebras at fixed level define in a natural way a representation $R$ of the modular group $SL_2(Z)$. The matrices in the image $R(SL_2(Z))$ are called the Kac-Peterson modular matrices, and describe the modular behaviour of the characters. In this paper we consider all levels of $(A_{r_1}\oplus\cdots\oplus A_{r_s})^{(1)}$, and for each of these find all permutations of the highest weights which commute with the corresponding Kac-Peterson matrices. This problem is equivalent to the classification of automorphism invariants of conformal field theories, a…
For positive integer p=k+2, we construct a logarithmic extension of the ^sl(2)_k conformal field theory of integrable representations by taking the kernel of two fermionic screening operators in a three-boson realization of ^sl(2)_k. The currents W^-(z) and W^+(z) of a W-algebra acting in the kernel are determined by a highest-weight state of dimension 4p-2 and charge 2p-1, and a (theta=1)-twisted highest-weight state of the same dimension 4p-2 and charge -2p+1. We construct 2p W-algebra representations, evaluate their characters, and show that together with the p-1 integrable representation c…
