Galois structure of Zariski cohomology for weakly ramified covers of curves

Shimura subvarieties in the Prym locus of ramified Galois coverings

We study Shimura (special) subvarieties in the moduli space $A_{p,D}$ of complex abelian varieties of dimension $p$ and polarization type $D$. These subvarieties arise from families of covers compatible with a fixed group action on the base curve such that the quotient of the base curve by the group is isomorphic to $\mathbb{P}^1$. We give a criterion for the image of these families under the Prym map to be a special subvariety and, using computer algebra, obtain 210 Shimura subvarieties contained in the Prym locus.

三维强分歧 Galois 表示的 Serre 权

Serre weights for three-dimensional wildly ramified Galois representations

本文证明三维 mod p Galois 表示在 p 不分歧且满足一般性条件时的 Serre 权猜想，去除弱分歧假设，并建立 Breuil 格猜想与 U(3) 算术流形重数为一结果。

Modularity lifting results in parallel weight one and applications to the Artin conjecture: the tamely ramified case

We extend the modularity lifting result of the arXiv:1111.2804 to allow Galois representations with some ramification at p. We also prove modularity mod 2 and 5 of certain Galois representations. We use these results to prove many new cases of the strong Artin conjecture over totally real fields in which 5 is unramified. As an ingredient of the proof, we provide a general result on the automatic analytic continuation of overconvergent p-adic Hilbert modular forms of finite slope which substantially generalizes a similar result in arXiv:1111.2804.

Zeta functions of totally ramified p-covers of the projective line

In this paper we prove that there exists a Zariski dense open subset U defined over the rationals Q in the space of all one-variable rational functions with arbitrary k poles of prescribed orders, such that for every geometric point f in U(Qbar)$, the L-function of the exponential sum of f at a prime p has Newton polygon approaching the Hodge polygon as p approaches infinity. As an application to algebraic geometry, we prove that the p-adic Newton polygon of the zeta function of a p-cover of the projective line totally ramified at arbitrary k points of prescribed orders has an asymptotic gener…

On Zariski Multiplets of Branch Curves from Surfaces Isogenous to a Product

In this paper we give an asymptotic bound of the cardinality of Zariski multiples of particular plane singular curves. These curves have only nodes and cusps as singularities and are obtained as branched curves of ramified covering of the plane by surfaces isogenous to a product of curves with group $(\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})^k$. The knowledge of the moduli space of these surfaces will enable us to produce Zariski multiplets whose number grows subexponentialy in function of their degree.

The Chevalley-Weil Formula for Orbifold Curves

In the 1930s Chevalley and Weil gave a formula for decomposing the canonical representation on the space of differential forms of the Galois group of a ramified Galois cover of Riemann surfaces. In this article we prove an analogous Chevalley-Weil formula for ramified Galois covers of orbifold curves. We then specialize the formula to the case when the base orbifold curve is the (reduced) modular orbifold. As an application of this latter formula we decompose the canonical representations of modular curves of full, prime level and of Fermat curves of arbitrary exponent.

Galois action on homology of generalized Fermat Curves

The fundamental group of Fermat and generalized Fermat curves is computed. These curves are Galois ramified covers of the projective line with abelian Galois groups $H$. We provide a unified study of the action of both cover Galois group $H$ and the absolute Galois group $\mathrm{Gal}(\bar{\Q}/\Q)$ on the pro-$\ell$ homology of the curves in study. Also the relation to the pro-$\ell$ Burau representation is investigated.

Some open questions on arithmetic Zariski pairs

In this paper, complement-equivalent arithmetic Zariski pairs will be exhibited answering in the negative a question by Eyral-Oka on these curves and their groups. A complement-equivalent arithmetic Zariski pair is a pair of complex projective plane curves having Galois-conjugate equations in some number field whose complements are homeomorphic, but whose embeddings in $\mathbb{P}^2$ are not. Most of the known invariants used to detect Zariski pairs depend on the étale fundamental group. In the case of Galois-conjugate curves, their étale fundamental groups coincide. Braid monodromy factorizat…

Decomposing Jacobians via Galois covers

Let $ϕ:\,X\rightarrow Y$ be a (possibly ramified) cover between two algebraic curves of positive genus. We develop tools that may identify the Prym variety of $ϕ$, up to isogeny, as the Jacobian of a quotient curve $C$ in the Galois closure of the composition of $ϕ$ with a well-chosen map $Y\rightarrow \mathbb{P}^1$. This method allows us to recover all previously obtained descriptions of a Prym variety in terms of a Jacobian that are known to us, besides yielding new applications. We also find algebraic equations for some of these new cases, including one where $X$ has genus $3$, $Y$ has genu…

真分歧映射与单值性

Genuinely ramified maps and monodromy

本文证明真分歧态射下去掉对角线的纤维积闭包连通，并由此推出 Morse 态射的 Galois 闭包及一般投影的 Galois 群均为对称群。

Gal($\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q}$) 在 Zariski 多重组上的忠实作用

A faithful action of Gal($\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q}$) on Zariski multiplets

本文研究了 Gal($\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q}$) 在 Zariski 多重组上的忠实作用，构造了新的算术 Zariski 对和多重组，并探讨了伽罗华表示与奇异性平面曲线几何的相互作用。

分歧周期与定义域

Ramified periods and field of definition

本文提出了一种名为“分歧周期”的 $p$-进数矩阵新障碍，用于判定定义在分歧数域扩张上的光滑射影簇能否下降到基域，并给出了超椭圆曲线无法下降的具体实例。

Disproof of modularity of moduli space of CY 3-folds of double covers of P3 ramified along eight planes in general positions

We prove that the moduli space of Calabi-Yau 3-folds coming from eight planes of $P^3$ in general positions is not modular. In fact we show the stronger statement that the Zariski closure of the monodromy group is actually the whole $Sp(20,R)$. We construct an interesting submoduli, which we call \emph{hyperelliptic locus}, over which the weight 3 $Q$-Hodge structure is the third wedge product of the weight 1 $Q$-Hodge structure on the corresponding hyperelliptic curve. The non-extendibility of the hyperelliptic locus inside the moduli space of a genuine Shimura subvariety is proved.

Stacks of ramified Galois covers

Given a finite, flat and finitely presented group scheme $G$ over some base $S$, we introduce the notion of ramified $G$-covers and study the moduli stack $G$-Cov they form. The thesis is divided in three parts. The first one concerns the case when $G$ is a diagonalizable group scheme and it essentially coincides with arxiv:1106.2347. In the second part I deal with the general case. Assuming that the base S is affine and given an $S$-scheme $T$, I interpret $G$-covers of $T$ as particolar (lax) monoidal functors from the category of finite, $G$-equivariant locally free sheaves over $S$ to the …

Three point covers with bad reduction

We study Galois covers of the projective line branched at three points with bad reduction to characteristic p, under the condition that p exactly divides the order of the Galois group. As an application of our results, we prove that the field of moduli of such a cover is at most tamely ramified at p.

Fiercely ramified cyclic extensions of p-adic fields with imperfect residue field

We study the ramification of fierce cyclic Galois extensions of a local field $K$ of characteristic zero with a one-dimensional residue field of characteristic $p>0$. Using Kato's theory of the refined Swan conductor, we associate to such an extension a ramification datum, consisting of a sequence of pairs $(δ_i,ω_i)$, where $δ_i$ is a positive rational number and $ω_i$ a differential form on the residue field of $K$. Our main result gives necessary and sufficient conditions on such sequences to occur as a ramification datum of a fierce cyclic extension of $K$.

On the distribution of rational points on ramified covers of abelian varieties

We prove new results on the distribution of rational points on ramified covers of abelian varieties over finitely generated fields $k$ of characteristic zero. For example, given a ramified cover $π: X \to A$, where $A$ is an abelian variety over $k$ with a dense set of $k$-rational points, we prove that there is a finite-index coset $C \subset A(k)$ such that $π(X(k))$ is disjoint from $C$. Our results do not seem to be in the range of other methods available at present; they confirm predictions coming from Lang's conjectures on rational points, and also go in the direction of an issue raised …

On the topology of the complements of reducible plane curves via Galois covers

Let ${\mathcal {B}}$ be a reducible reduced plane curve. We introduce a new point of view to study the topology of $(\PP^2, {\mathcal {B}})$ via Galois covers and Alexander polynomials. We show its effectiveness through examples of Zariski $N$-plets for conic and conic-quartic configurations.

Galois上同调与Serre猜想II的转移原理

Transfer principles for Galois cohomology and Serre's conjecture II

本文证明域的上同调维数的转移原理，构造低维扩张，并应用于Serre猜想II，证明特征0情形蕴含正特征情形。

Semi-direct Galois covers of the affine line

Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>0$. Let $G$ be $Z/\ell Z$ semi-direct product $Z/pZ$ where $\ell$ is a prime distinct from $p$. In this paper, we study Galois covers $ψ:Z \to P^1_k$ ramified only over $\infty$ with Galois group $G$. We find the minimal genus of a curve $Z$ that admits such a cover and show that it depends only on $\ell$, $p$, and the order $a$ of $\ell$ modulo $p$. We also prove that the number of curves $Z$ of this minimal genus which admit such a cover is at most $(p-1)/a$.

Wild ramification of nilpotent coverings and coverings of bounded degree

A finite étale map between irreducible, normal varieties is called tame, if it is tamely ramified with respect to all partial compactifications whose boundary is the support of a strict normal crossings divisor. We prove that if the Galois group of a Galois covering contains a normal nilpotent subgroup of index bounded by a constant N, then the covering is tame if and only if it is tamely ramified with respect to a single distinguished partial compactification only depending on N. The main tools used in the proof are Temkin's local purely inseparable uniformization and a Lefschetz type theorem…

Elimination of generalised imaginaries and Galois cohomology

The objective of this article is to characterise elimination of finite generalised imaginaries (as defined by Hrushovski) in terms of group cohomology. As an application, I consider series of Zariski geometries constructed by Hrushovski and Zilber, and indicate how their non-definability in algebraically closed fields and other theories is connected to eliminability of certain generalised imaginaries.

$L^2$-cohomology of a variation of Hodge structure for an infinite covering of an open curve ramified at infinity

Let $X$ be a compact Riemann surface, $Σ$ a finite set of points and $M = X\setminus Σ$. We study the $L^2$ cohomology of a polarized complex variation of Hodge structure on a Galois covering of the Riemann surface of finite type $M$. In this article we treat the case when the covering comes from a branched covering of $X$, and where $M$ is endowed with a metric asymptotic to a Poincaré metric. We prove that after tensorisation with the algebra of affiliated operators, the $L^2$ cohomology admits a pure Hodge structure.

Invitation to higher local fields, Part II, section 9: Local reciprocity cycles

This is an introduction to noncommutative local reciprocity maps for totally ramified Galois extensions with arithmetically profinite group. These maps in general are not homomorphisms but Galois cycles; a description of their image and kernel is included.

Higher dimensional Shimura varieties in the Prym loci of ramified double covers

In this paper we construct Shimura subvarieties of dimension bigger than one of the moduli space of polarised abelian varieties of a given dimension, which are generically contained in the Pym loci of (ramified) double covers. The idea is to adapt the techniques already used to construct Shimura curves in the Prym loci to the higher dimensional case, namely to use families of Galois covers of the projective line. The case of abelian covers is treated in detail, since in this case it is possible to make explicit computations that allow to verify a sufficient condition for such a family to yield…

On metabelian galois coverings of complex algebraic varieties

Let $f:X\to Y$ be a finite ramified Galois covering of algebraic varieties defined over the complex numbers. In this paper, we prove some structure theorems for such coverings in the case that the non-abelian Galois group of the cover is metabelian (in particular metacyclic). Our results extend the previous ones, obtained by several authors, in the case of abelian and dihedral Galois coverings. In analogy with the abelian (and generalizing the dihedral) case, we find "building data" of metabelian covers from which the cover can be reconstructed. In addition to analyzing several examples, we co…

On the cohomology of compact unitary group Shimura varieties at ramified split places

In this article, we prove results about the cohomology of compact unitary group Shimura varieties at split places. In nonendoscopic cases, we are able to give a full description of the cohomology, after restricting to integral Hecke operators at p on the automorphic side. We allow arbitrary ramification at p; even the PEL data may be ramified. This gives a description of the semisimple local Hasse-Weil zeta function in these cases. We also treat cases of nontrivial endoscopy. For this purpose, we give a general stabilization of the expression given in previous work, following the stabilization…

Galois structure of the holomorphic differentials of curves

Let $X$ be a smooth projective geometrically irreducible curve over a perfect field $k$ of positive characteristic $p$. Suppose $G$ is a finite group acting faithfully on $X$ such that $G$ has non-trivial cyclic Sylow $p$-subgroups. We show that the decomposition of the space of holomorphic differentials of $X$ into a direct sum of indecomposable $k[G]$-modules is uniquely determined by the lower ramification groups and the fundamental characters of closed points of $X$ that are ramified in the cover $X\to X/G$. We apply our method to determine the $\mathrm{PSL}(2,\mathbb{F}_\ell)$-module stru…

Galois actions on fundamental groups of curves and the cycle $C-C^-$

Suppose that C is a smooth, projective, geometrically connected curve of genus g > 2 defined over a number field K. Suppose that x is a K-rational point of C. Denote the Lie algebra of the unipotent completion (over Q_ell) of the fundamental group of the corresponding complex analytic curve by p(C,x). This is acted on by both G_K (the Galois group of K) and Gamma, the mapping class group of the pointed complex curve. In this paper we show that the algebraic cycle C_x-C_x^- in the jacobian of C controls the size of the image of G_K in Aut p(C,x). More precisely, we give necessary and sufficient…

Tame fundamental groups of pure pairs and Abhyankar's lemma

Let $(R,\mathfrak{m}, k)$ be a strictly local normal $k$-domain of positive characteristic and $P$ be a prime divisor on $X=\text{Spec } R$. We study the Galois category of finite covers over $X$ that are at worst tamely ramified over $P$ in the sense of Grothendieck--Murre. Assuming that $(X,P)$ is a purely $F$-regular pair, our main result is that every Galois cover $f \: Y \to X$ in that Galois category satisfies that $\bigl(f^{-1}(P)\bigr)_{\text{red}}$ is a prime divisor. We shall explain why this should be thought as a (partial) generalization of a classical theorem due to S.S.~Abhyankar…

Stacks of ramified abelian covers

Given a flat, finite group scheme G finitely presented over a base scheme we introduce the notion of ramified Galois cover of group G (or simply G-cover), which generalizes the notion of G-torsor. We study the stack of G-covers, denoted with G-Cov, mainly in the abelian case, precisely when G is a finite diagonalizable group scheme over Z. In this case we prove that G-Cov is connected, but it is irreducible or smooth only in few finitely many cases. On the other hand, it contains a 'special' irreducible component Z_G, which is the closure of BG and this reflects the deep connection we establis…

Automorphisms of Curves and Weierstrass semigroups for Harbater-Katz-Gabber covers

We study $p$-group Galois covers $X \rightarrow \mathbb{P}^1$ with only one fully ramified point. These covers are important because of the Katz-Gabber compactification of Galois actions on complete local rings. The sequence of ramification jumps is related to the Weierstrass semigroup of the global cover at the stabilized point. We determine explicitly the jumps of the ramification filtrations in terms of pole numbers. We give applications for curves with zero $p$--rank: we focus on maximal curves and curves that admit a big action. Moreover the Galois module structure of polydifferentials is…

关于分歧阿贝尔覆盖的存在性

On the existence of ramified abelian covers

本文研究代数闭域上正规完备簇的分歧阿贝尔覆盖的存在条件，并应用该结论证明特定条件下正规完备环面簇的环面不变除子分歧覆盖仍为环面簇。

On ramified covers of the projective plane I: Segre's theory and classification in small degrees, with Appendix by Eugenii Shustin

We study ramified covers of the projective plane. Given a smooth projective surface S and a generic enough projection of S to the projective plane, we get a cover of the plane ramified over a plane curve. The branch curve is usually singular, but is classically known to have only cusps and nodes as singularities for a generic projection. Several questions arise. First, what is the_geography_ of branch curves among all nodal-cuspidal curves? Second: what is the_geometry_ of branch curves? In other words, how can one distinguish a branch curve from a non-branch curve with the same numerical inva…

Difference algebraic relations among solutions of linear differential equations

We extend and apply the Galois theory of linear differential equations equipped with the action of an endomorphism. The Galois groups in this Galois theory are difference algebraic groups and we use structure theorems for these groups to characterize the possible difference algebraic relations among solutions of linear differential equations. This yields tools to show that certain special functions are difference transcendent. One of our main results is a characterization of discrete integrability of linear differential equations with almost simple usual Galois group, based on a structure theo…