We analyze the correspondence between finite sequences of finitely supported probability distributions and finite-dimensional, real, symmetric, tridiagonal matrices. In particular, we give an intrinsic description of the topology induced on sequences of distributions by the usual Euclidean structure on matrices. Our results provide an analytical tool with which to study ensembles of tridiagonal matrices, important in certain inverse problems and integrable systems. As an application, we prove that the Euler characteristic of any generic isospectral set of symmetric, tridiagonal matrices is a tangent number.
Let ${\cal T}_Λ$ be the compact manifold of real symmetric tridiagonal matrices conjugate to a given diagonal matrix $Λ$ with simple spectrum. We introduce {\it bidiagonal coordinates}, charts defined on open dense domains forming an explicit atlas for ${\cal T}_Λ$. In contrast to the standard inverse variables, consisting of eigenvalues and norming constants, every matrix in ${\cal T}_Λ$ now lies in the interior of some chart domain. We provide examples of the convenience of these new coordinates for the study of asymptotics of isospectral dynamics, both for continuous and discrete time.
Chandler-Wilde, Chonchaiya and Lindner conjectured that the set of eigenvalues of finite tridiagonal sign matrices ($\pm 1$ on the first sub- and superdiagonal, $0$ everywhere else) is dense in the set of spectra of periodic tridiagonal sign operators on $\ell^2(\mathbb{Z})$. We give a simple proof of this conjecture. As a consequence we get that the set of eigenvalues of tridiagonal sign matrices is dense in the unit disk. In fact, a recent paper further improves this result, showing that this set of eigenvalues is dense in an even larger set.
Block tridiagonal matrices arise in applied mathematics, physics, and signal processing. Many applications require knowledge of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of block tridiagonal matrices, which can be prohibitively expensive for large matrix sizes. In this paper, we address the problem of the eigendecomposition of block tridiagonal matrices by studying a connection between their eigenvalues and zeros of appropriate matrix polynomials. We use this connection with matrix polynomials to derive a closed-form expression for the eigenvectors of block tridiagonal matrices, which eliminates the need f…
Let $n\ge 2$ be an integer. Let $R_n$ denote the $n\times n$ tridiagonal matrix with $-1$'s on the sub-diagonal, $1$'s on the super-diagonal, $-1$ in the $(1,1)$ entry, $1$ in the $(n,n)$ entry and zeros elsewhere. We find the eigen-pairs of the matrices $R_n$.
We find the spectrum and eigenvectors of an arbitrary irreducible complex tridiagonal matrix with two-periodic main diagonal provided that the spectrum and eigenvectors of the matrix with the same sub- and superdiagonals and zero main diagonal is known. Our result substantially generalises some recent results on the Sylvester-Kac matrix and its certain main principal submatrices.
In this paper we express the eigenvalues of real anti-tridiagonal Hankel matrices as the zeros of given rational functions. We still derive eigenvectors for these structured matrices at the expense of prescribed eigenvalues.
Let $n\ge 2$ be an integer. Let $R_n$ denote the $n\times n$ tridiagonal matrix with -1's on the sub-diagonal, 1's on the super-diagonal, -1 in the (1,1) entry, 1 in the (n,n) entry and zeros elsewhere. This paper shows that $R_n$ is closely related to a certain circulant matrix and a certain skew-circulant matrix. More precisely, let $E_n$ denote the exchange matrix which is defined by $E_n(i,j):=δ(i+j,n+1)$. Let $E_+$ (respectively, $E_-$) be the projection defined by $x\mapsto (1/2)(x + E_n x)$ (respectively, $x\mapsto (1/2)(x - E_n x)$). Then $R_n = (π_n - π_n^T) E_+ + (η_n - η_n^T) E_- ,$…
In this paper, the concept of generalized spectral function is introduced for finite-order tridiagonal symmetric matrices (Jacobi matrices) with complex entries. The structure of the generalized spectral function is described in terms of spectral data consisting of the eigenvalues and normalizing numbers of the matrix. The inverse problems from generalized spectral function as well as from spectral data are investigated. In this way, a procedure for construction of complex tridiagonal matrices having real eigenvalues is obtained.
École Normale Supérieure（巴黎高等师范学院）；University of Bucharest, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science（布加勒斯特大学数学与计算机科学学院）；Institute of Mathematics “Simion Stoilow” of the Romanian Academy（罗马尼亚科学院西蒙·斯托伊洛瓦数学研究所）
We recast Stahl's counterexample from the point of view of the spectral theory of the underlying non-symmetric Jacobi matrices. In particular, it is shown that these matrices are self-adjoint and non-negative in a Krein space and have empty resolvent sets. In fact, the technique of Darboux transformations (aka commutation methods) on spectra which is used in the present paper allows us to treat the class of all G-non-negative tridiagonal matrices. We also establish a correspondence between this class of matrices and the class of signed measures with one sign change. Finally, it is proved that …
We prove a bijective unitary correspondence between 1) the isospectral torus of almost-periodic, absolutely continuous CMV matrices having fixed finite-gap spectrum and 2) special periodic block-CMV matrices satisfying a Magic Formula. This latter class arises as spectrally-dependent operator Möbius transforms of certain generating CMV matrices which are periodic up to a rotational phase; for this reason we call them "MCMV". Such matrices are related to a choice of orthogonal rational functions on the unit circle, and their correspondence to the isospectral torus follows from a functional mode…
Let $\frak{e}\subset\mathbb{R}$ be a finite union of disjoint closed intervals. In the study of OPRL with measures whose essential support is $\frak{e}$, a fundamental role is played by the isospectral torus. In this paper, we use a covering map formalism to define and study this isospectral torus. Our goal is to make a coherent presentation of properties and bounds for this special class as a tool for ourselves and others to study perturbations. One important result is the expression of Jost functions for the torus in terms of theta functions.
We study stability of spectral types for semi-infinite self-adjoint tridiagonal matrices under random decaying perturbations. We show that absolutely continuous spectrum associated with bounded eigenfunctions is stable under Hilbert-Schmidt random perturbations. We also obtain some results for singular spectral types.
Via the process of isospectral graph reduction the adjacency matrix of a graph can be reduced to a smaller matrix while its spectrum is preserved up to some known set. It is then possible to estimate the spectrum of the original matrix by considering Gershgorin-type estimates associated with the reduced matrix. The main result of this paper is that eigenvalue estimates associated with Gershgorin, Brauer, Brualdi, and Varga improve as the matrix size is reduced. Moreover, given that such estimates improve with each successive reduction, it is also possible to estimate the eigenvalues of a matri…
Random Schroedinger operators with imaginary vector potentials are studied in dimension one. These operators are non-Hermitian and their spectra lie in the complex plane. We consider the eigenvalue problem on finite intervals of length n with periodic boundary conditions and describe the limit eigenvalue distribution when n goes to infinity. We prove that this limit distribution is supported by curves in the complex plane. We also obtain equations for these curves and for the corresponding eigenvalue density in terms of the Lyapunov exponent and the integrated density of states of a "reference…
