A real form $G$ of a complex semisimple Lie group $G^C$ has only finitely many orbits in any given $G^C$-flag manifold $Z=G^C/Q$. The complex geometry of these orbits is of interest, e.g., for the associated representation theory. The open orbits $D$ generally possess only the constant holomorphic functions, and the relevant associated geometric objects are certain positive-dimensional compact complex submanifolds of $D$ which, with very few well-understood exceptions, are parameterized by the Wolf cycle domains $Ω_W(D)$ in $G^C/K^C$, where $K$ is a maximal compact subgroup of $G$. Thus, for the various domains $D$ in the various ambient spaces $Z$, it is possible to compare the cycle spaces $Ω_W(D)$.
The main result here is that, with the few exceptions mentioned above, for a fixed real form $G$ all of the cycle spaces $Ω_W(D)$ are the same. They are equal to a universal domain $Ω_{AG}$ which is natural from the the point of view of group actions and which, in essence, can be explicitly computed.
The essential technical result is that if $\hat Ω$ is a $G$-invariant Stein domain which contains $Ω_{AG}$ and which is Kobayashi hyperbolic, then $\hat Ω=Ω_{AG}$. The equality of the cycle domains follows from the fact that every $Ω_W(D)$ is itself Stein, is hyperbolic, and contains $Ω_{AG}$.
In this paper, we prove that in any projective manifold, the complements of general hypersurfaces of sufficiently large degree are Kobayashi hyperbolic. We also provide an effective lower bound on the degree. This confirms a conjecture by S. Kobayashi in 1970. Our proof, based on the theory of jet differentials, is obtained by reducing the problem to the construction of a particular example with strong hyperbolicity properties. This approach relies the construction of higher order logarithmic connections allowing us to construct logarithmic Wronskians. These logarithmic Wronskians are the buil…
In this paper we prove that every quasi-projective base space $V$ of smooth family of minimal projective manifolds with maximal variation is pseudo Kobayashi hyperbolic, i.e. $V$ is Kobayashi hyperbolic modulo a proper subvariety $Z\subsetneq V$. In particular, $V$ is algebraically degenerate, that is, every nonconstant entire curve $f:\mathbb{C}\to V$ has image $f(\mathbb{C})$ which lies in that proper subvariety $Z\subsetneq V$. As a direct consequence, we prove the Brody hyperbolicity of moduli spaces of minimal projective manifolds, which answers a question by Viehweg-Zuo in 2003.
The Green-Griffiths-Lang conjecture stipulates that for every projective variety $X$ of general type over ${\mathbb C}$, there exists a proper algebraic subvariety of $X$ containing all non constant entire curves $f:{\mathbb C}\to X$. Using the formalism of directed varieties, we prove here that this assertion holds true in case $X$ satisfies a strong general type condition that is related to a certain jet-semistability property of the tangent bundle $T\_X$. We then use this fact to confirm a long-standing conjecture of Kobayashi (1970), according to which a very general algebraic hypersurface…
We study the hyperbolicity of the log variety $(\mathbb{P}^n, X)$, where $X$ is a very general hypersurface of degree $d\geq 2n+1$ (which is the bound predicted by the Kobayashi conjecture). Using a positivity result for the sheaf of (twisted) logarithmic vector fields, which may be of independent interest, we show that any log-subvariety of $(\mathbb{P}^n, X)$ is of log-general type, give a new proof of the algebraic hyperbolicity of $(\mathbb{P}^n, X)$, and exclude the existence of maximal rank families of entire curves in the complement of the universal degree $d$ hypersurface. Moreover, we…
For smooth families with maximal variation, whose general fibers have semi-ample canonical bundle, the generalized Viehweg hyperbolicity conjecture states that the base spaces of such families are of log general type. This deep conjecture was recently proved by Popa-Schnell using the theory of Hodge modules and a theorem by Campana-Păun. In this paper we prove that those base spaces are pseudo Kobayashi hyperbolic, as predicted by the Lang conjecture: any complex quasi-projective manifold is pseudo Kobayashi hyperbolic if it is of log general type. As a consequence, we prove the Brody hyperbol…
A major unsolved problem (according to Demailly 1997) towards the Kobayashi hyperbolicity conjecture in optimal degree is to understand jet differentials of germs of holomorphic discs that are invariant under any reparametrization of the source. The underlying group action is not reductive, but we provide a complete algorithm to generate all invariants, in arbitrary dimension n and for jets of arbitrary order k. Two main new situations are studied in great details. For jets of order 4 in dimension 4, we establish that the algebra of Demailly-Semple invariants is generated by 2835 polynomials, …
The aim of this work is to deal with effective questions related to the Kobayashi and Debarre conjectures, and based on the work of Damian Brotbek and Lionel Darondeau. We first show that if a line bundle $L$ generates $k$-jets, the $k$-th Wronskian ideal sheaf associated with global sections of $L$ reaches its largest possible value. Then we obtain an effective estimate for a weaker version of a theorem of Nakamaye on certain universal Grassmannians. We finally derive from this explicit effective bounds for the Kobayashi and Debarre conjectures.
In this note, we prove the generic Kobayashi volume measure hyperbolicity of singular directed varieties $(X, V)$, as soon as the canonical sheaf $\mathcal{K}\_V$ of $V$ is big in the sense of Demailly.
A compact complex manifold is Kobayashi non-hyperbolic if there exists an entire curve on it. Using mirror symmetry we establish that there are (possibly singular) elliptic or rational curves on any Calabi-Yau manifold $X$, whose mirror dual $\check X$ exists and is not "Hodge degenerate", therefore proving that $X$ is Kobayashi non-hyperbolic. We are not aware of any higher dimensional simply connected Calabi-Yau manifolds that satisfy the "Hodge degenerate" condition.
In this paper, we prove the Kobayashi hyperbolicity of the coarse moduli spaces of canonically polarized or polarized Calabi-Yau manifolds in the sense of complex $V$-spaces (a generalization of complex $V$-manifolds in the sense of Satake). As an application, we prove the following hyperbolic version of Campana's isotriviality conjecture: for the smooth family of canonically polarized or polarized Calabi-Yau manifolds, when the Kobayashi pseudo-distance of the base vanishes identically, the family must be isotrivial, that is, any two fibers are isomorphic. We also prove that for the smooth pr…
This survey article mainly addresses to graduate students and young researchers in complex geometry willing to enter the beautiful word of connections between curvature and Kobayashi hyperbolicity. It is a detailed account of a recent breakthrough by Wu and Yau, shortly after generalized by Tosatti and Yang (and others), which sits on the crossroad between complex differential geometry and Kobayashi hyperbolicity. More specifically, an old conjecture by Kobayashi, stated at the very beginning of the theory, predicts that a compact hyperbolic manifold should have ample canonical bundle. Now, on…
We study the hyperbolicity of compactifications of quotients of bounded symmetric domains by arithmetic groups. We prove that, up to an étale cover, they are Kobayashi hyperbolic modulo the boundary. Applying our techniques to Siegel modular varieties, we improve some former results of Nadel on the non-existence of certain level structures on abelian varieties over complex function fields.
We present two methods of constructing low degree Kobayashi hyperbolic hypersurfaces in the projective space: the projection method and the deformation method. The talk is based on joint works of the speaker with B. Shiffman and C. Ciliberto.
These are lecture notes of a course held at IMPA, Rio de Janiero, in september 2010: the purpose was to present recent results on Kobayashi hyperbolicity in complex geometry. Our ultimate goal is to describe the results obtained on questions related to the geometry of entire curves traced in generic complex projective hypersurfaces of high degree. For the convenience of the reader, this survey tries to be as self contained as possible.
Motivated by the finiteness of the set of automorphisms Aut(X) of a projective manifold X, and by Kobayashi-Ochiai's conjecture that a projective manifold dim(X)-analytically hyperbolic (also known as strongly measure hyperbolic) should be of general type, we investigate the finiteness properties of Aut(X) for a complex manifold satisfying a (pseudo-) intermediate hyperbolicity property. We first show that a complex manifold X which is (dim(X) -- 1)-analytically hyperbolic has indeed finite automorphisms group. We then obtain a similar statement for a pseudo-(dim(X) -- 1)-analytically hyperbol…
If G_0 is a real form of a complex semisimple Lie group G and Z is compact G-homogeneous projective algebraic manifold, then G_0 has only finitely many orbits on Z. Complex analytic properties of open G_0-orbits D (flag domains) are studied. Schubert incidence-geometry is used to prove the Kobayashi hyperbolicity of certain cycle space components C_q(D). Using the hyperbolicity of C_q(D) and analyzing the action of Aut(D) on it, an exact description of Aut(D) is given. It is shown that, except in the easily understood case where D is holomorphically convex with a nontrivial Remmert reduction, …
A projective manifold $M$ is algebraically hyperbolic if there exists a positive constant $A$ such that the degree of any curve of genus $g$ on $M$ is bounded from above by $A(g-1)$. A classical result is that Kobayashi hyperbolicity implies algebraic hyperbolicity. It is known that Kobayashi hyperbolic manifolds have finite automorphism groups. Here we prove that, more generally, algebraically hyperbolic projective manifolds have finite automorphism groups.
The paper is a contribution of the conjecture of Kobayashi that the complement of a generic plain curve of degree at least five is hyperbolic. The main result is that the complement of a generic configuration of three quadrics is hyperbolic and hyperbolically embedded as well as the complement of two quadrics and a line.
In 1970, Kobayashi conjectured that general hypersurfaces of sufficiently large degree in $P^n$ are hyperbolic. In this paper we prove that a general sufficiently ample hypersurface in a smooth projective variety is hyperbolic. To prove this statement, we construct hypersurfaces satisfying a property which is Zariski open and which implies hyperbolicity. These hypersurfaces are chosen such that the geometry of their higher order jet spaces can be related to the geometry of a universal family of complete intersections. To do so, we introduce a Wronskian construction which associates a (twisted)…
In view of Kobayashi's hyperbolicity conjecture, Demailly-Semple jets of orders 4 and 5 in dimension 2 are studied, some expectations about their algebraic tameness being (dis)proved, after systematic, substantial, formal, manual calculations.
This is a recent conference report on the Kobayashi Problem on hyperbolicity of generic projective hypersurfaces. As an appendix, a (non-updated) author's survey article of 1992 on the same subject, published in an edition with a limited distribution, is added.
The main goal of this work is to prove that a very generic surface of degree at least 21 in complex projective 3-dimensional space is hyperbolic in the sense of Kobayashi. This means that every entire holomorphic map $f:{\Bbb C} \to X$ to the surface is constant. In 1970, Kobayashi conjectured more generally that a (very) generic hypersurface of sufficiently high degree in projective space is hyperbolic (here, the terminology "very generic" refers to complements of countable unions of proper algebraic subsets). Our technique follows the stream of ideas initiated by Green and Griffiths in 1979,…
A projective manifold is algebraically hyperbolic if the degree of any curve is bounded from above by its genus times a constant, which is independent from the curve. This is a property which follows from Kobayashi hyperbolicity. We prove that hyperkahler manifolds are non algebraically hyperbolic when the Picard rank is at least 3, or if the Picard rank is 2 and the SYZ conjecture on existence of Lagrangian fibrations is true. We also prove that if the automorphism group of a hyperkahler manifold is infinite then it is algebraically non-hyperbolic.
We study an adaptation to the logarithmic case of the Kobayashi-Eisenman pseudo-volume form, or rather an adaptation of its variant defined by Claire Voisin, for which she replaces holomorphic maps by holomorphic K-correspondences. We define an intrinsic logarithmic pseudo-volume form Φ_{X,D} for every pair (X,D) consisting of a complex manifold X and a normal crossing Weil divisor, the positive part of which is reduced. We then prove that Φ_{X,D} is generically non-degenerate when X is projective and K_X+D is ample. This result is analogous to the classical Kobayashi-Ochiai theorem. We also s…
We show that a complex projective manifold X which satisfies the Gromov's h-principle is `special', and raise some questions about the reverse implication, the extension to the quasi-K\" ahler case, and the relationships of these properties to the `Oka' property. The guiding principle is that the existence of many Stein manifolds which have degenerate Kobayashi pseudometric gives strong obstructions to the complex hyperbolicity of X satisfying the h-principle.
