Consider a closed connected hypersurface in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with constant signature (k,l) of the second quadratic form, and approaching a quadratic cone at infinity. This hypersurface divides $\mathbb{R}^n$ into two pieces. We prove that one of them contains a k-dimensional subspace, and another contains a l-dimensional subspace, thus proving an affine version of Arnold hypothesis. We construct an example of a surface of negative curvature in $\mathbb{R}^3$ with slightly different asymptotical behavior for which the previous claim is wrong.
Motivated by the ideas and methods used by Naitoh in the consideration of parallel totally real submanifolds in complex space forms, the author of the present paper successfully makes use of the so called Jordan triple and (restricted) structure Lie algebra associated with a given Jordan algebra to establish a one-to-one correspondence between the set of equivalence classes of connected, simply connected and nondegenerate equiaffine symmetric hypersurfaces with a given nonzero affine mean curvature and that of the equivalence classes of semi-simple real Jordan algebras. Then, via the existing …
We develope in great computational details the classical Cartan equivalence problem for Levi-nondegenerate C^6-smooth real hypersurfaces M^3 in C^2, performing all calculations effectively in terms of a (local) graphing function φ. In particular, we present explicitly the unique (complex) essential invariant J of the problem. Its expansion in terms of the 3-variables function φincorporates millions of differential monomials, while, when φis assumed to depend only on 2 variables (rigid case), J writes out in two lines (7 monomials).
We prove that for every $n\geq 3$ the sharp upper bound for the dimension of the symmetry groups of homogeneous, 2-nondegenerate, $(2n+1)$-dimensional CR manifolds of hypersurface type with a $1$-dimensional Levi kernel is equal to $n^2+7$, and simultaneously establish the same result for a more general class of structures characterized by weakening the homogeneity condition. This supports Beloshapka's conjecture stating that hypersurface models with a maximal finite dimensional group of symmetries for a given dimension of the underlying manifold are Levi nondegenerate.
We use the method of equivariant moving frames to revisit the problem of normal forms and equivalence of nondegenerate real hypersurfaces M \subset C^2 under the pseudo-group action of holomorphic transformations. The moving frame recurrence formulae allow us to systematically and algorithmically recover the results of Chern and Moser for hypersurfaces that are either non-umbilic at a point p \in M or umbilic in an open neighborhood of it. In the former case, the coefficients of the normal form expansion, when expressed as functions of the jet of the hypersurface at the point, provide a comple…
In this paper we construct a large class of new normal forms for Levi-nondegenerate real hypersurfaces in complex spaces. We adopt a general approach illustrating why these normal forms are natural and which role is played by the celebrated Chern-Moser normal form. The latter appears in our class as the one with the "maximum normalization" in the lowest degree. However, there are other natural normal forms, even with normalization conditions for the terms of the same degree. Some of these forms do not involve the cube of the trace operator and, in that sense, are simplier than the one by Chern…
The class ${\sf IV}_2$ of $2$-nondegenerate constant Levi rank $1$ hypersurfaces $M^5 \subset \mathbb{C}^3$ is governed by Pocchiola's two primary invariants $W_0$ and $J_0$. Their vanishing characterizes equivalence of such a hypersurface $M^5$ to the tube $M_{\sf LC}^5$ over the real light cone in $\mathbb{R}^3$. When either $W_0 \not\equiv 0$ or $J_0 \not\equiv 0$, by normalization of certain two group parameters ${\sf c}$ and ${\sf e}$, an invariant coframe can be built on $M^5$, showing that the dimension of the CR automorphism group drops from $10$ to $5$. This paper constructs an explic…
In our earlier articles we studied tube hypersurfaces in ${\mathbb C}^3$ that are 2-nondegenerate and uniformly Levi degenerate of rank 1. In particular, we showed that the vanishing of the CR-curvature of such a hypersurface is equivalent to the Monge equation with respect to one of the variables. In the present paper we provide an alternative shorter derivation of this equation by utilizing two invariants discovered by S. Pocchiola. We also investigate Pocchiola's invariants in the rigid case and give a partial classification of rigid 2-nondegenerate uniformly Levi degenerate of rank 1 hyper…
We will prove that \emph{there are no stable complete hypersurfaces of $\mathbb{R}^4$ with zero scalar curvature, polynomial volume growth and such that $\dfrac{(-K)}{H^3}\geq c>0$ everywhere, for some constant $c>0$}, where $K$ denotes the Gauss-Kronecker curvature and $H$ denotes the mean curvature of the immersion. Our second result is the Bernstein type one \emph{there is no entire graphs of $\mathbb{R}^4$ with zero scalar curvature such that $\dfrac{(-K)}{H^3}\geq c>0$ everywhere}. At last, it will be proved that, if there exists a stable hypersurface with zero scalar curvature and $\dfra…
We construct canonical absolute parallelisms over real-analytic manifolds equipped with $2$-nondegenerate, hypersurface-type CR structures of arbitrary odd dimension not less than $7$ whose Levi kernel has constant rank belonging to a broad subclass of CR structures that we label as recoverable. For this we develop a new approach based on a reduction to a special flag structure, called the dynamical Legendrian contact structure, on the leaf space of the CR structure's associated Levi foliation. This extends the results of Porter-Zelenko [20] from the case of regular CR symbols constituting a d…
We show that in an $8$-dimensional closed Riemmanian manifold with $C^\infty$-generic metrics, every minimal hypersurface is smooth and nondegenerate. This confirms a full generic regularity conjecture of minimal hypersurfaces in dimension eight. This also enables us to generalize many generic geometric properties of (Almgren-Pitts) min-max minimal hypersurfaces, previously only known in low dimensions, to dimension eight.
We study the local equivalence problem for real-analytic ($\mathcal{C}^ω$) hypersurfaces $M^5 \subset \mathbb{C}^3$ which, in coordinates $(z_1, z_2, w) \in \mathbb{C}^3$ with $w = u+i\, v$, are rigid: \[ u \,=\, F\big(z_1,z_2,\overline{z}_1,\overline{z}_2\big), \] with $F$ independent of $v$. Specifically, we study the group ${\sf Hol}_{\sf rigid}(M)$ of rigid local biholomorphic transformations of the form: \[ \big(z_1,z_2,w\big) \longmapsto \Big( f_1(z_1,z_2), f_2(z_1,z_2), a\,w + g(z_1,z_2) \Big), \] where $a \in \mathbb{R} \backslash \{0\}$ and $\frac{D(f_1,f_2)}{D(z_1,z_2)} \neq 0$, whic…
Let $Q^N_l\subset \bC\bP^{N+1}$ denote the standard real, nondegenerate hyperquadric of signature $l$ and $M\subset \bC^{n+1}$ a real, Levi nondegenerate hypersurface of the same signature $l$. We shall assume that there is a holomorphic mapping $H_0\colon U\to \bC\bP^{N_0+1}$, where $U$ is some neighborhood of $M$ in $\bC^{n+1}$, such that $H_0(M)\subset Q^{N_0}_l$ but $H(U)\not\subset Q^{N_0}_l$. We show that if $N_0-n<l$ then, for any $N\geq N_0$, any holomorphic mapping $H\colon U\to \bC\bP^{N+1}$ with $H(M)\subset Q^{N}_l$ and $H(U)\not\subset Q^{N_0}_l$ must be the standard linear embedd…
The geometry of canal hypersurfaces of an n-dimensional conformal space C^n is studied. Such hypersurfaces are envelopes of r-parameter families of hyperspheres, 1 \leq r \leq n-2. In the present paper the conditions that characterize canal hypersurfaces, and which were known earlier, are made more precise. The main attention is given to the study of the Darboux maps of canal hypersurfaces in the de Sitter space M_1^{n+1} and the projective space P^{n+1}. To canal hypersurfaces there correspond r-dimensional spacelike tangentially nondegenerate submanifolds in M_1^{n+1} and tangentially degene…
Let $\widetilde{J}$ be the canonical para-complex structure on $\mathbb{R}^4$. In this paper we study $3$-dimensional centro-affine hypersurfaces with a $\widetilde{J}$-tangent centro-affine vector field (sometimes called $\widetilde{J}$-tangent centro-affine hypersurfaces) as well as $3$-dimensional $\widetilde{J}$-tangent affine hyperspheres with the property that at least one null-direction of the second fundamental form coincides with either $\mathcal{D}^+$ or $\mathcal{D}^-$. The main purpose of this paper is to give a full local classification of the above mentioned hypersurfaces. In par…
We apply E. Cartan's method of equivalence to classify 7-dimensional, 2-nondegenerate CR manifolds $M$ up to local CR equivalence in the case that the cubic form of $M$ satisfies a certain symmetry property with respect to the Levi form of $M$. The solution to the equivalence problem is given by a parallelism on a principal bundle over $M$. When the nondegenerate part of the Levi form has definite signature, the parallelism takes values in $\mathfrak{su}(2,2)$. When this signature is split and an additional "isotropy-switching" hypothesis is satisfied, the parallelism takes values in $\mathfra…
Given a positive function $F$ on $\mathbb S^n$ which satisfies a convexity condition, for $1\leq r\leq n$, we define for hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ the $r$-th anisotropic mean curvature function $H_{r; F}$, a generalization of the usual $r$-th mean curvature function. We call a hypersurface is anisotropic minimal if $H_F=H_{1; F}=0$, and anisotropic $r$-minimal if $H_{r+1; F}=0$. Let $W$ be the set of points which are omitted by the hyperplanes tangent to $M$. We will prove that if an oriented hypersurface $M$ is anisotropic minimal, and the set $W$ is open and non-empty, then $x(M)$ …
We consider Einstein hypersurfaces of warped products $I\times_ω\mathbb Q_ε^n,$ where $I\subset\mathbb R$ is an open interval and $\mathbb Q_ε^n$ is the simply connected space form of dimension $n\ge 2$ and constant sectional curvature $ε\in\{-1,0,1\}.$ We show that, for all $c\in\mathbb R$ (resp. $c>0$), there exist rotational hypersurfaces of constant sectional curvature $c$ in $I\times_ω\mathbb H^n$ and $I\times_ω\mathbb R^n$ (resp. $I\times_ω\mathbb S^n$), provided that $ω$ is nonconstant. We also show that the gradient $T$ of the height function of any Einstein hypersurface of $I\times_ω\…
This paper concerns closed hypersurfaces of dimension $n(\geq 2)$ in the hyperbolic space ${\mathbb{H}}_κ^{n+1}$ of constant sectional curvature $κ$ evolving in direction of its normal vector, where the speed is given by a power $β(\geq 1/m)$ of the $m$th mean curvature plus a volume preserving term, including the case of powers of the mean curvature and of the $\mbox{Gauß}$ curvature. The main result is that if the initial hypersurface satisfies that the ratio of the biggest and smallest principal curvature is close enough to 1 everywhere, depending only on $n$, $m$, $β$ and $κ$, then under t…
Motivated by a problem in local differential geometry of Cauchy--Riemann (CR) structures of hypersurface type, we find a canonical form for pairs consisting of a nondegenerate Hermitian form and a self-adjoint antilinear operator, or, equivalently, consisting of a nondegenerate Hermitian form and a symmetric bilinear form. This generalizes the only previously known results on simultaneous normalization of such pairs, namely, the results of Benedetti and Cragnolini (1984) on simultaneous diagonalization of these pairs in the case where the Hermitian form is positive definite and of Hong and Hor…
We show that for a real-analytic connected holomorphically nondegenerate 5-dimensional CR-hypersurface $M$ and its symmetry algebra $\mathfrak{s}$ one has either: (i) $\dim\mathfrak{s}=15$ and $M$ is spherical (with Levi form of signature either $(2,0)$ or $(1,1)$ everywhere), or (ii) $\dim\mathfrak{s}\le11$ where $\dim\mathfrak{s}=11$ can only occur if on a dense open subset $M$ is spherical with Levi form of signature $(1,1)$. Furthermore, we construct a series of examples of pairwise nonequivalent CR-hypersurfaces with $\dim\mathfrak{s}=11$.
Let M,M' be smooth real hypersurfaces in N-dimensional space and assume that M is k-nondegenerate at a point p in M. We prove that holomorphic mappings that extend smoothly to M, sending a neighborhood of p in M diffeomorphically into M' are completely determined by their 2k-jet at p. As an application of this result, we also give sufficient conditions on a smooth real hypersurface which guarantee that the space of infinitesimal CR automorphisms is finite dimensional.
We prove that the existence of a dispersionless Lax pair with spectral parameter for a nondegenerate hyperbolic second order partial differential equation (PDE) is equivalent to the canonical conformal structure defined by the symbol being Einstein-Weyl on any solution in 3D, and self-dual on any solution in 4D. The first main ingredient in the proof is a characteristic property for dispersionless Lax pairs. The second is the projective behaviour of the Lax pair with respect to the spectral parameter. Both are established for nondegenerate determined systems of PDEs of any order. Thus our main…
