The notion of a Frobenius coring is introduced, and it is shown that any such coring produces a tower of Frobenius corings and Frobenius extensions. This establishes a one-to-one correspondence between Frobenius corings and extensions.
Let $\Cc$ and $\Dd$ be two corings over a ring $A$ and $\Cc\stackrelλ{\longrightarrow}\Dd$ be a morphism of corings. We investigate the situation when the associated induced ("corestriction of scalars") functor $\Mm^\Cc\longrightarrow \Mm^\Dd$ is a Frobenius functor, and call these morphisms Frobenius extensions of corings. The characterization theorem generalizes notions such as Frobenius corings and is applied to several situations; in particular, provided some (general enough) flatness conditions hold, the notion proves to be dual to that of Frobenius extensions of rings (algebras). Several…
El Kaoutit and Gómez Torrecillas introduced comatrix corings, generalizing Sweedler's canonical coring, and proved a new version of the Faithfully Flat Descent Theorem. They also introduced Galois corings, as corings isomorphic to a comatrix coring. In this paper, we further investigate this theory. We prove a new version of the Joyal-Tierney Descent Theorem, and generalize the Galois Coring Structure Theorem. We associate a Morita context to a coring with a fixed comodule, and relate it to Galois-type properties of the coring. An affineness criterion is proved in the situation where the corin…
We study co-Frobenius and more generally Quasi-co-Frobenius corings over arbitrary baserings and over PF baserings in particular. We generalize some results about (Quasi-) co-Frobenius coalgebras to the case of non-commutative base rings and give several new characterisations for co-Frobenius and Quasi-co-Frobenius corings, some of them are new even in the coalgebra situation. We construct Morita contexts to study Frobenius properies of corings and a second kind of Morita contexts to study adjoint pairs. Comparing both Morita contexts, we obtain our main result that characterises (Quasi-) co-F…
We investigate Frobenius pairs between categories of comodules over rather general corings. We particularize to the case of the adjoint pair of functors associated to a morphism of corings over different base rings, which leads to a reasonable notion of Frobenius coring extension. When applied to corings stemming from entwining structures, we obtain new results in this setting.
We investigate adjoint and Frobenius pairs between categories of comodules over rather general corings. We particularize to the case of the adjoint pair of functors associated to a morphism of corings over different base rings, which leads to a reasonable notion of Frobenius coring extension. When applied to corings stemming from entwining structures, we obtain new results in this setting and in graded ring theory.
We compare several quasi-Frobenius-type properties for corings that appeared recently in literature and provide several new characterizations for each of these properties. By applying the theory of Galois comodules with a firm coinvariant ring, we can characterize a locally quasi-Frobenius (quasi-co-Frobenius) coring as a locally projective generator in its category of comodules.
Given a ring $A$ and an $A$-coring $\cC$ we study when the forgetful functor from the category of right $\cC$-comodules to the category of right $A$-modules and its right adjoint $-\otimes_A\cC$ are separable. We then proceed to study when the induction functor $-\otimes_A\cC$ is also the left adjoint of the forgetful functor. This question is closely related to the problem when $A\to {}_A{\rm Hom}(\cC,A)$ is a Frobenius extension. We introduce the notion of a Galois coring and analyse when the tensor functor over the subring of $A$ fixed under the coaction of $\cC$ is an equivalence. We also …
Comparing self-dual corings, Frobenius corings and Ringel self-duality
Swansea University(斯旺西大学);University of Białystok(比亚韦斯托克大学);University of Bielefeld(比勒费尔德大学);TRR 358, University of Bielefeld(比勒费尔德大学 TRR 358);University of Stuttgart(斯图加特大学);Uppsala University(乌普萨拉大学)
To any bimodule which is finitely generated and projective on one side one can associate a coring, known as a comatrix coring. A new description of comatrix corings in terms of data reminiscent of a Morita context is given. It is also studied how properties of bimodules are reflected in the associated comatrix corings. In particular it is shown that separable bimodules give rise to coseparable comatrix corings, while Frobenius bimodules induce Frobenius comatrix corings.
We investigate functors between abelian categories having a left adjoint and a right adjoint that are \emph{similar} (these functors are called \emph{quasi-Frobenius functors}). We introduce the notion of a \emph{quasi-Frobenius bimodule} and give a characterization of these bimodules in terms of quasi-Frobenius functors. Some applications to corings and graded rings are presented. In particular, the concept of quasi-Frobenius homomorphism of corings is introduced. Finally, a version of the endomorphism ring Theorem for quasi-Frobenius extensions in terms of corings is obtained.
We study the cyclic module ${}_SR$ for a ring extension $A \| B$ with centralizer $R$ and bimodule endomorphism ring $S = End {}_BA_B$. We show that if $A \| B$ is an H-separable Hopf subalgebra, then $B$ is a normal Hopf subalgebra of $A$. We observe from math.RA/0107064 and math.RA/0108067 depth two in the role of noncommutative normality (as in field theory) in a depth two separable Frobenius characterization of irreducible semisimple-Hopf-Galois extensions. We prove that a depth two extension has a Galois $A$-coring structure on $A ø_R T$ where $T$ is the right $R$-bialgebroid dual to $S$.
The Chern-Galois theory is developed for corings or coalgebras over non-commutative rings. As the first step the notion of an entwined extension as an extension of algebras within a bijective entwining structure over a non-commutative ring is introduced. A strong connection for an entwined extension is defined and it is shown to be closely related to the Galois property and to the equivariant projectivity of the extension. A generalisation of the Doi theorem on total integrals in the framework of entwining structures over a non-commutative ring is obtained, and the bearing of strong connection…
We introduce a notion of depth three tower of three rings C < B < A as a useful generalization of depth two ring extension. If A = End B_C and B | C is a Frobenius extension, this also captures the notion of depth three for a Frobenius extension in math.RA/0107064 and math.RA/0108067 such that if B | C is depth three, then A | C is depth two (cf. math.QA/0001020). If A, B and C correspond to a tower of subgroups G > H > K via the group algebra over a fixed base ring, the depth three condition is the condition that subgroup K has normal closure K^G contained in H. For a depth three tower of rin…
A pair of adjoint functors $(F,G)$ is called a Frobenius pair of the second type if $G$ is a left adjoint of $βFα$ for some category equivalences $α$ and $β$. Frobenius ring extensions of the second kind provide examples of Frobenius pairs of the second kind. We study Frobenius pairs of the second kind between categories of modules, comodules, and comodules over a coring. We also show that a finitely generated projective Hopf algebra over a commutative ring is always a Frobenius extension of the second kind, and prove that the integral spaces of the Hopf algebra and its dual are isomorphic.
A.S. Dugas and R. Martínez-Villa proved in \cite[Corollary 5.1]{dm} that if there exists a stable equivalence of Morita type between the $k$-algebras $Λ$ and $Γ$, then it is possible to replace $Λ$ by a Morita equivalent $k$-algebra $Δ$ such that $Γ$ is a subring of $Δ$ and the induction and restriction functors induce inverse stable equivalences. In this note we give an affirmative answer to a question of Alex Dugas about the existence of a $Γ$-coring structure on $Δ$. We do this by showing that $Δ$ is a Frobenius extension of $Γ$.
Let $i: A\to R$ be a ring morphism, and $χ: R\to A$ a right $R$-linear map with $χ(χ(r)s)=χ(rs)$ and $χ(1_R)=1_A$. If $R$ is a Frobenius $A$-ring, then we can define a trace map $\tr: A\to A^R$. If there exists an element of trace 1 in $A$, then $A$ is right FBN if and only if $A^R$ is right FBN and $A$ is right noetherian. The result can be generalized to the case where $R$ is an $I$-Frobenius $A$-ring, and the condition on the trace can be replaced by a weaker condition. We recover results of Garc\'ıa and del R\'ıo and by Dǎscǎlescu, Kelarev and Torrecillas on actions of group and Hopf algeb…
We define left relative H-separable tower of rings and continue a study of these begun by Sugano. It is proven that a progenerator extension has right depth two if and only if the ring extension together with its right endomorphism ring is a left relative H-separable tower. In particular, this applies to twisted or ordinary Frobenius extensions with surjective Frobenius homomorphism. For example, normality for Hopf subalgebras of finite-dimensional Hopf algebras is also characterized in terms of this tower condition.
Depth three and finite depth are notions known for subfactors via diagrams and Frobenius extensions of rings via centralizers in endomorphism towers. From the point of view of depth two ring extensions, we provide a clear definition of depth three for a tower of three rings C < B < A. If A = B_C and B | C is a Frobenius extension, this captures the notion of depth three for a Frobenius extension. For example we provide an algebraic proof that if B | C is depth three, then A | C is depth two. If A, B and C correspond to a tower of subgroups G > H > K via the group algebra over a fixed base ring…
An extension B\subset A of algebras over a commutative ring k is an H-extension for an L-bialgebroid H if A is an H-comodule algebra and B is the subalgebra of its coinvariants. It is H-Galois if the canonical map A\otimes_B A\to A\otimes_L H is an isomorphism or, equivalently, if the canonical coring (A\otimes_L H:A) is a Galois coring. In the case of a Hopf algebroid H=(H_L,H_R,S) any H_R-extension is shown to be also an H_L-extension. If the antipode is bijective then also the notions of H_R-Galois extensions and of H_L-Galois extensions are proven to coincide. Results about bijective entwi…
To any Frobenius superalgebra $A$ we associate towers of Frobenius nilCoxeter algebras and Frobenius nilHecke algebras. These act naturally, via Frobenius divided difference operators, on Frobenius polynomial algebras. When $A$ is the ground ring, our algebras recover the classical nilCoxeter and nilHecke algebras. When $A$ is the two-dimensional Clifford algebra, they are Morita equivalent to the odd nilCoxeter and odd nilHecke algebras.
We study a symmetric Markov extension of k-algebras N \into M, a certain kind of Frobenius extension with conditional expectation that is tracial on the centralizer and dual bases with a separability property. We place a depth two condition on this extension, which is essentially the requirement that the Jones tower N \into M \into M_1 \into M_2 can be obtained by taking relative tensor products with centralizers A = C_{M_1}(N) and B = C_{M_2}(M). Under this condition, we prove that N \into M is the invariant subalgebra pair of a weak Hopf algebra action by A, i.e., that N = M^A. The endomorph…
A minimum depth d^I(S --> R) is assigned to a ring homomorphism S --> R and a R-R-bimodule I. The recent notion of depth of a subring d(S,R)in a paper by Boltje-Danz-Kuelshammer is recovered when I = R and S --> R is the inclusion mapping. Ideal depth gives lower bounds for d(S,R) in case of group C-algebra pair or semisimple complex algebra extensions. If R | S is a QF extension of finite depth, minimum left and right even depth are shown to coincide. If R < S is moreover a Frobenius extension with R a right S-generator, its subring depth is shown to coincide with its tower depth. In the proc…
We bring together ideas in analysis of Hopf *-algebra actions on II_1 subfactors of finite Jones index and algebraic characterizations of Frobenius, Galois and cleft Hopf extensions to prove a non-commutative algebraic analogue of the classical theorem: a finite field extension is Galois iff it is separable and normal. Suppose N < M is a separable Frobenius extension of k-algebras split as N-bimodules with a trivial centralizer C_M(N). Let M_1 := End(M)_N and M_2 := End(M_1)_M be the endomorphism algebras in the Jones tower N < M < M_1 < M_2. We show that under depth 2 conditions on the second…