Some light on Littlewood-Paley theory
Michael Cowling, Terence Tao
本文旨在纠正M. Cowling，G. Fendler和J.J.F. Fournier，并给出一个反例的猜想J. L.鲁比奥·德·弗朗西亚
The purpose of this note is to correct an error in a paper of M. Cowling, G. Fendler and J.J.F. Fournier, and to give a counterexample to a conjecture of J.-L. Rubio de Francia.
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A transference result of the L^p continuity of the Jacobi Littlewood-Paley g-function to the Gaussian and Laguerre Littlewood-Paley g-function.
We prove certain vector valued inequalities related to Littlewood-Paley theory on Euclidean spaces. They can be used in proving characterization of the Hardy spaces in terms of Littlewood-Paley operators by methods of real analysis.
In this paper we study Lp-boundedness properties for area Littlewood-Paley functions associated with heat semigroups for Hermite and Laguerre operators
Remarks on square functions in the Littlewood-Paley theory
证明了Littlewood-Paley理论中由无正则核定义的某些平方函数算子在Lp空间上是有界的.
We establish a characterization of the Hardy spaces on the homogeneous groups in terms of the Littlewood-Paley functions. The proof is based on vector-valued inequalities shown by applying the Peetre maximal function.
We consider Littlewood-Paley functions associated with non-isotropic dilations. We prove that they can be used to characterize the parabolic Hardy spaces of Calderón-Torchinsky.
Issues related to Rubio de Francia's Littlewood--Paley Inequality: A Survey
Rubio de Francia的Littlewood Paley不等式是经典的Littlewood Paley不等式的一个扩展，它适用于频率空间分解为任意不相交的区间。我们调查这个不等式，它的高维类似物，和乘数的影响。
We consider sets in the real line that have Littlewood--Paley properties $\mathrm{LP}(p)$ or $\mathrm{LP}$ and study the following question: How thick can these sets be?
In this paper, we give a Littlewood-Paley characterization for the Hölder-Zygmund spaces $\mathcal{C}^σ(G)$ ($0< σ<\infty$) on a stratified Lie group $G$.
In this paper, by using the atomic decomposition theory of Hardy space and weak Hardy space, we discuss the boundedness of parameterized Littlewood-Paley operator with variable kernel on these spaces.
In this paper, the author establishes the boundedness of parametric Littlewood-Paley operators from Musielak-Orlicz Hardy space to Musielak-Orlicz space, or to weak Musielak-Orlicz space at the critical index. Part of these results are new even for classical Hardy space of Fefferman and Stein.
The one-sided Littlewood--Paley inequality for arbitrary intervals was proved by Rubio de Francia. Later, N. Osipov proved its analogue for the system of Walsh functions. In this paper, this inequality is proved for more general Vilenkin systems.
We consider certain Littlewood-Paley operators and prove characterization of some function spaces in terms of those operators. When treating weighted Lebesgue spaces, a generalization to weighted spaces will be made for Hörmander's theorem on the invertibility of homogeneous Fourier multipliers. Also, applications to the theory of Sobolev spaces will be given.
Quantitative weighted estimates are obtained for the Littlewood-Paley square function $S$ associated with a lacunary decomposition of ${\mathbb R}$ and for the Marcinkiewicz multiplier operator. In particular, we find the sharp dependence on $[w]_{A_p}$ for the $L^p(w)$ operator norm of $S$ for $1<p\le 2$.
We prove one generalization of the Littlewood--Paley characterization of the $\mathrm{BMO}$ space where the dilations of a Schwartz function are replaced by a family of functions with suitable conditions imposed on them. We also prove that a certain family of Triebel--Lizorkin spaces can be characterized in a similar way.
We show that a certain conjectured optimal reverse Littlewood- Paley inequality would, if true, imply sharp results for the Kakeya maximal function, the Bochner-Riesz means and the Fourier restriction operator.
It is well-known that Littlewood-Paley operators formed with respect to lacunary sets of finite order are bounded on $L^p (\mathbb{R})$ for all $1<p<\infty$. In this note it is shown that $$ \| S_{\mathcal{I}_{E_2}} \|_{L^p (\mathbb{R}) \rightarrow L^p (\mathbb{R})} \sim (p-1)^{-2} \quad (p \rightarrow 1^+) ,$$ where $S_{\mathcal{I}_{E_2}}$ denotes the classical Littlewood-Paley operator formed with respect to the second order lacunary set $ E_2 = \{ \pm ( 2^k - 2^l ) : k,l \in \mathbb{Z} \text{ with } k>l \} $.
In this note we give an alternative proof of a theorem due to Bourgain \cite{Bourgain} concerning the growth of the constant in the Littlewood-Paley inequality on $\mathbb{T}$ as $p \rightarrow 1^+$. Our argument is based on the endpoint mapping properties of Marcinkiewicz multiplier operators, obtained by Tao and Wright in \cite{TW}, and on Tao's converse extrapolation theorem \cite{Tao}. Our method also establishes the growth of the constant in the Littlewood-Paley inequality on $\mathbb{T}^n$ as $p \rightarrow 1^+$. Furthermore, we obtain sharp weak-type inequalities for the Littlewood-Pale…
Littlewood, Paley and Almost-Orthogonality: a theory well ahead of its time
本文回顾了 Littlewood 和 Paley 在1931年发表的经典论文，探讨其历史影响及在调和分析发展中的重要地位。
The article proves an assertion analogous to the Littlewood-Paley theorem for the orthoprojectors onto mutually orthogonal subspaces of piecewise polynomial functions on the cube $ I^d. $ This assertion provides an upper estimate for the norms of the functions in $ L_p(I^d) $ via corresponding norms of projections onto subspaces of piecewise polynomial multivariable functions. These relationships are used to obtain upper estimates of the Kolmogorov widths of Besov classes of non-periodic functions meeting the mixed Hoelder conditions.
We investigate g-functions based on semigroups related to multi-dimensional Laguerre function expansions of convolution type. We prove that these operators can be viewed as Calderon-Zygmund operators in the sense of the underlying space of homogeneous type, hence their mapping properties follow from the general theory.
Littlewood--Paley--Rubio de Francia inequality for unbounded Vilenkin systems
本文将 Rubio de Francia 的单侧 Littlewood--Paley 不等式推广到任意 Vilenkin 系统，且不要求循环群的阶数满足任何条件。
We prove sharp $L^p(w)$ norm inequalities for the intrinsic square function (introduced recently by M. Wilson) in terms of the $A_p$ characteristic of $w$ for all $1<p<\infty$. This implies the same sharp inequalities for the classical Lusin area integral $S(f)$, the Littlewood-Paley $g$-function, and their continuous analogs $S_ψ$ and $g_ψ$. Also, as a corollary, we obtain sharp weighted inequalities for any convolution Calderón-Zygmund operator for all $1<p\le 3/2$ and $3\le p<\infty$, and for its maximal truncations for $3\le p<\infty$.
We discuss weighted estimates for the squares of the Riesz transforms, R^{2}, on L^{2}(W) where W is a matrix A2 weight. We prove that if W is close to the Identity matrix Id, then the operator norm of R^{2} is close to its unweighted norm on L^{2} which is one. This is done by the use of the Bellman function technique.
In this paper we find new equivalent norms in $L^p(\mathbb{R}^n,\mathbb{B})$ by using multivariate Littlewood-Paley functions associated with Poisson semigroup for the Hermite operator, provided that $\mathbb{B}$ is a UMD Banach space with the property ($α$). We make use of $γ$-radonifying operators to get new equivalent norms that allow us to obtain $L^p(\mathbb{R}^n,\mathbb{B})$-boundedness properties for (vector valued) multivariate spectral multipliers for Hermite operators. As application of this Hermite multiplier theorem we prove that the Banach valued Hermite Sobolev and potential spac…
The research about Harmonic Analysis associated with Jacobi expansions carried out in \cite{ACL-JacI} and \cite{ACL-JacII} is continued in this paper. Given the operator $\mathcal{J}^{(α,β)}=J^{(α,β)}-I$, where $J^{(α,β)}$ is the three-term recurrence relation for the normalized Jacobi polynomials and $I$ is the identity operator, we define the corresponding Littlewood-Paley-Stein $g_k^{(α,β)}$-functions associated with it and we prove an equivalence of norms with weights for them. As a consequence, we deduce a result for Laplace type multipliers.
We prove that for any $L^Q$-valued Schwartz function $f$ defined on $\mathbb{R}^d$, one has the multiple vector-valued, mixed norm estimate $$ \| f \|_{L^P(L^Q)} \lesssim \| S f \|_{L^P(L^Q)} $$ valid for every $d$-tuple $P$ and every $n$-tuple $Q$ satisfying $0 < P, Q < \infty$ componentwise. Here $S:= S_{d_1}\otimes ... \otimes S_{d_N}$ is a tensor product of several Littlewood-Paley square functions $S_{d_j}$ defined on arbitrary Euclidean spaces $\mathbb{R}^{d_j}$ for $1\leq j\leq N$, with the property that $d_1 + ... + d_N = d$. This answers a question that came up implicitly in our recen…
We prove mixed $A_p$-$A_r$ inequalities for several basic singular integrals, Littlewood-Paley operators, and the vector-valued maximal function. Our key point is that $r$ can be taken arbitrary big. Hence such inequalities are close in spirit to those obtained recently in the works by T. Hytönen and C. Pérez, and M. Lacey. On one hand, the "$A_p$-$A_{\infty}$" constant in these works involves two independent suprema. On the other hand, the "$A_p$-$A_r$" constant in our estimates involves a joint supremum but of a bigger expression. We show in simple examples that both such constants are incom…
Littlewood-Paley decompositions on manifolds with ends
对于某些带端点的非紧黎曼流形，利用并矢剖分定义的平方函数，得到了（加权）Lp空间上的Littlewood-Paley型估计.
We consider the Rubio de Francia's Littlewood--Paley square function associated with an arbitrary family of intervals in $\mathbb{R}$ with finite overlapping. Quantitative weighted estimates are obtained for this operator. The linear dependence on the characteristic of the weight $[w]_{A_{p/2}}$ turns out to be sharp for $3\le p<\infty$, whereas the sharpness in the range $2<p<3$ remains as an open question. Weighted weak-type estimates in the endpoint $p=2$ are also provided. The results arise as a consequence of a sparse domination shown for these operators, obtained by suitably adapting the…
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new class of singular integral operators in the Dunkl setting involving both the Euclidean metric and the Dunkl metric. Then we provide the $T1$ theorem, the criterion for the boundedness on $L^2$ for these operators. Applying this singular integral operator theory, we establish the Littlewood-Paley theory and the Dunkl-Hardy spaces. As applications, the boundedness of singular integral operators, particularly, the Dunkl-Rieze transforms, on the Dunkl-Hardy spaces is given. The $L^2$ theory and the singular integral operator theory play crucial roles…
Littlewood-Paley decompositions and Besov spaces on Lie groups of polynomial growth
我们介绍了一个Littlewood-Paley分解相关的任何子拉普拉斯算子的李群G的多项式体积增长，这使我们能够证明一个Littlewood-Paley定理在这个一般的设置，并提供一个二进表征Besov空间等价于经典的定义，通过热核。
The article proves an assertion analogous to the Littlewood-Paley theorem for the orthoprojectors onto wavelet subspaces corresponding to the multidimensional multiresolution analysis generated as tensor product of smooth finite scaling functions of one variable.
In this paper we consider Littlewood-Paley functions defined by the semigroups associated with the operator $\mathcal{A}=-\fracΔ{2}-x\nabla$ in the inverse Gaussian setting for Banach valued functions. We characterize the uniformly convex and smooth Banach spaces by using $L^p(\mathbb{R}^n,γ_{-1})$- properties of the $\mathcal{A}$-Littlewood-Paley functions. We also use Littlewood-Paley functions associated with $\mathcal{A}$ to characterize the Köthe function spaces with the UMD property.
A geometry-independent endpoint estimate for the Littlewood--Paley $g$-function generated by the Poisson semigroup
该研究针对无边界完备黎曼流形上的泊松Littlewood–Paley g函数，证明了与几何无关的弱(1,1)估计，给出了普适常数，还将其应用于特定谱乘子的估计。
In Baraka's paper [2], he obtained the Littlewood-Paley characterization of Campanato spaces $L^{2,λ}$ and introduced $\mathcal {L}^{p,λ,s}$ spaces. He showed that $\mathcal {L}^{2,λ,s}=(-\triangle)^{-\frac{s}{2}}L^{2,λ}$ for $0\leqλ<n+2$. In [7], by using the properties of fractional Carleson measures, J Xiao proved that for $n\geq2$, $0<α<1$. $(-\triangle)^{-\fracα{2}}L^{2,n-2α}$ is essential the $Q_α(\mathbb{R}^n)$ spaces which were introduced in [4]. Then we could conclude that $Q_α(\mathbb{R}^n)=\mathcal {L}^{2,n-2α,α}$ for $0<α<1$. In fact, this result could be also obtained directly by …
Let $L_{1}$ and $L_{2}$ be non-negative self-adjoint operators acting on $L^{2}(X_{1})$ and $L^{2}(X_{2})$, respectively, where $X_{1}$ and $X_{2}$ are spaces of homogeneous type. Assume that $L_{1}$ and $L_{2}$ have Gaussian heat kernel bounds. This paper aims to study some equivalent characterizations of the weighted product Hardy spaces $H^{p}_{w,L_{1},L_{2}}(X_{1}\times X_{2})$ associated to $L_{1}$ and $L_{2}$, for $p \in (0, \infty)$ and the weight $w$ belongs to the product Muckenhoupt class $A_{\infty}(X_{1} \times X_{2})$. Our main result is that the spaces $H^{p}_{w,L_{1},L_{2}}(X_{1…
The article proves an assertion analogous to the Littlewood-Paley theorem for the orthoprojectors onto wavelet subspaces corresponding to the nonisotropic multiresolution analysis generated as tensor product of smooth scaling single-variable functions sufficiently rapidly vanishing at infinity.
We define the vector-valued, matrix-weighted function spaces $\dot{F}^{αq}_p(W)$ (homogeneous) and $F^{αq}_p(W)$ (inhomogeneous) on $\mathbb{R}^n$, for $α\in \mathbb{R}$, $0<p<\infty$, $0<q \leq \infty$, with the matrix weight $W$ belonging to the $A_p$ class. For $1<p<\infty$, we show that $L^p(W) = \dot{F}^{0 2}_p(W)$, and, for $k \in \mathbb{N}$, that $F^{k 2}_p(W)$ coincides with the matrix-weighted Sobolev space $L^p_k(W)$, thereby obtaining Littlewood-Paley characterizations of $L^p(W)$ and $L^p_k (W)$. We show that a vector-valued function belongs to $\dot{F}^{αq}_p(W)$ if and only if i…
The multilinear Littlewood-Paley square operators and their commutators on weighted Morrey spaces
本文证明了多重线性Littlewood-Paley平方算子及其交换子在加权Morrey空间上的有界性，并给出了相关g-函数和Marcinkiewicz积分交换子的推论。
A New Approach to $(1,1)-$Weak-type Estimate for the Littlewood-Paley Operators $S_{α,ψ}$ and $g^{*}_{λ,ψ}$
本文用 Nazarov-Treil 和 Volberg 技术证明了平方函数 $S_{α,ψ}$ 的 $(1,1)-$弱型有界性，并由此研究 $g^{*}_{λ,ψ}$ 算子的同类有界性。
Rubio de Francia proved the one-sided Littlewood--Paley inequality for arbitrary intervals in $L^p$, $2 \le p < \infty$. In this article, his methods are developed and employed to prove an analogue of such an inequality "beyond the index $p=\infty$", i.e., for spaces of Hölder functions and BMO.
Boundedness of multilinear Littlewood--Paley operators with convolution type kernels on products of BMO spaces
该研究证明了卷积型多线性 Littlewood–Paley 算子在 BMO 空间乘积上的存在性、几乎处处有限性及到 BLO 空间的有界性，并讨论了非卷积型核情形。
On the weak boundedness of multilinear Littlewood--Paley functions
本文简化并推广了多线性Littlewood--Paley函数弱有界性的证明，不依赖Marcinkiewicz函数，将log-Dini条件放宽为经典Dini条件，解决了相关公开问题。
Rubio de Francia proved the one-sided Littlewood--Paley inequality for arbitrary intervals in $L^p$, $2 \le p < \infty$. In this article, such an inequality is proved for the Walsh system.
J. L. Rubio de Francia proved the one-sided Littlewood--Paley inequality for arbitrary intervals in $L^p$, $2\le p<\infty$ and later N. N. Osipov proved the similar inequality for Walsh functions. In this paper we investigate some properties of Banach spaces $X$ such that the latter inequality holds for $X$-valued functions.
In this paper we have studied Fourier multipliers and Littlewood-Paley square functions in the context of modulation spaces. We have also proved that any bounded linear operator from modulation space $\mathcal{M}_{p,q}(\R^n), 1\leq p,q\leq \infty,$ into itself possesses an $l_2-$valued extension. This is an analogue of a well known result due to Marcinkiewicz and Zygmund on classical $L^p-$spaces.
Littlewood-Paley theorem for Schroedinger operators
设$H$是$\R^n$上的薛定谔算子。在其谱算子核的多项式衰减条件下，证明了与$H$相关的Besov空间和Triebel-Lizorkin空间的定义.利用$H$的并元函数给出了$L_p$空间和索伯列夫空间的Littlewood-Paley特征.当$H$的热核满足一定的高斯上界时，推广和加强了以前的结果.
It is well-known that the $L^p$ boundedness and weak $(1,1)$ estiamte $(λ>2)$ of the classical Littlewood-Paley $g_λ^{*}$-function was first studied by Stein, and the weak $(p,p)$ $(p>1)$ estimate was later given by Fefferman for $λ=2/p$. In this paper, we investigated the $L^p(μ)$ boundedness of the non-homogeneous Littlewood-Paley $g_{λ,μ}^{*}$-function with non-convolution type kernels and a power bounded measure $μ$: $$ g_{λ,μ}^*(f)(x) = \bigg(\iint_{{\mathbb R}^{n+1}_{+}} \Big(\frac{t}{t + |x - y|}\Big)^{m λ} |θ_t^μf(y)|^2 \frac{dμ(y) dt}{t^{m+1}}\bigg)^{1/2},\ x \in {\mathbb R}^n,\ λ> 1,…
In this paper, we establish the equivalence between the Hajłasz-Sobolev spaces or classical Triebel-Lizorkin spaces and a class of grand Triebel-Lizorkin spaces on Euclidean spaces and also on metric spaces that are both doubling and reverse doubling. In particular, when $p\in(n/(n+1),\infty)$, we give a new characterization of the Hajłasz-Sobolev spaces $\dot M^{1, p}({\mathbb R}^n)$ via a grand Littlewood-Paley function.
In this work, we give new sufficient conditions for a Littlewood-Paley-Stein square function and necessary and sufficient conditions for a Calderón-Zygmund operator to be bounded on Hardy spaces $H^p$ with indices smaller than $1$. New Carleson measure type conditions are defined for Littlewood-Paley-Stein operators, and we show that they are sufficient for the associated square function to be bounded from $H^p$ into $L^p$. New polynomial growth $BMO$ conditions are also introduced for Calderón-Zygmund operators. These results are applied to prove that Bony paraproducts can be constructed such…
Littlewood-Paley theory and the T(1) theorem with non doubling measures
设$μ$是$R^d$上的Borel测度，它可以是非加倍的。对于所有$x\in R^d$、$r>0$和某些固定的$0<n\leq d$，$μ$必须满足的唯一条件是$μ(B(x,r))\leq C r^n$。本文发展了$L^p(μ)$中函数的Littlewood-Paley理论。其中一个主要的困难是合理的逼近的身份获得Calderon型再生公式的建设。此外，还证明了n维Calderon-Zygmund算子的T（1）定理，在没有加倍假设的情况下，可以利用对$L^2(μ)$函数得到的Littlewood-Paley分解得到证明，就像在齐性空间的经典情形一样.
We prove a variant of a square function estimate for the extension operator associated to the moment curve in non-archimedean local fields. The arguments rely on a structural analysis of congruences (sublevel sets) of univariate polynomials over field extensions of the base field. Our analysis can be adapted to the archimedean setting as well.
In this paper we establish $L^p$ boundedness properties for maximal operators, Littlewood-Paley functions and variation operators involving Poisson semigroups and resolvent operators associated with nonsymmetric Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators. We consider the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators defined by the identity as the covariance matrix and having a drift given by the matrix $-λ(I+R)$, being $λ>0$ and $R$ a skew-adjoint matrix. The semigroup associated with these Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators are the basic building blocks of all normal Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroups.
Discrete Littlewood-Paley-Stein theory and multi-parameter Hardy spaces associated with flag singular integrals
本文的主要目的是在隐式多参数结构的背景下，利用离散的Littlewood-Paley-Stein分析，发展多参数Hardy空间理论的统一方法。本文的目的是建立和发展Muller-Ricci-Stein和Nagel-Ricci-Stein关于旗形奇异积分算子的Hardy空间理论。这种方法避免了$L^p$理论中常用的Coifman-Weiss转移方法，建立了所有$0<p\leq 1$的Hardy空间$H^p_F$及其与旗奇异积分算子相关的对偶空间.我们还证明了旗奇异积分算子在$BMO_F$和$H^p_F$上的有界性，以及从$H^p_F$到$L^p$对所有$0<p\le 1$的有界性.因此，它绕过了在这个隐式多参数结构中使用的Quarlne的类型覆盖引理。这里使用的方法提供了Chang，R.在纯产品环境中的Febriman、Alberne和Pipher。对于隐式多参数Hardy空间，证明了Calderon-Zygmund分解和内插定理.
A remark on Littlewood-Paley theory for the distorted Fourier transform
我们证明了通常的Mikhlin乘子定理相对于扭曲的傅里叶变换至少对径向函数和势在（3/2，3）范围内成立。限制的范围是由于引起畸变傅里叶变换的薛定谔算子可能具有零能量共振的事实。因此，Littlewood-Paley定理也仅在（3/2，3）范围内得到证明。
In this paper we establish $L^p(\mathbb{R}^d,γ_\infty)$-boundedness properties for square functions involving time and spatial derivatives of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroups. Here $γ_\infty$ denotes the invariant measure. In order to prove the strong type results for $1<p<\infty$ we use $R$-boundedness. The weak type (1,1) property is established by studying separately global and local operators defined for the square Littlewood-Paley functions. By the way we prove $L^p(\mathbb{R}^d,γ_\infty)$-boundedness properties for maximal and variation operators for Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroups.
Let $κ\ge 2, λ> 1$ and define the multilinear Littlewood-Paley-Stein operators by $$g_{λ,μ}^*(\vec{f})(x) = \bigg(\iint_{\mathbb{R}^{n+1}_{+}} \vartheta_t(x, y) \bigg|\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n κ}} s_t(y,\vec{z}) \prod_{i=1}^κ f_i(z_i) \ dμ(z_i)\bigg|^2 \frac{dμ(y) dt}{t^{m+1}}\bigg)^{\frac12}, $$ where $\vartheta_t(x, y)=\big(\frac{t}{t + |x - y|}\big)^{m λ}$. In this paper, our main aim is to investigate the boundedness of $g_{λ,μ}^*$ on non-homogeneous spaces. By means of probabilistic and dyadic techniques, together with non-homogeneous analysis, we show that $g_{λ,μ}^*$ is bounded from $L^{p_1}(…
In this paper, the authors characterize Sobolev spaces $W^{α,p}({\mathbb R}^n)$ with the smoothness order $α\in(0,2]$ and $p\in(\max\{1, \frac{2n}{2α+n}\},\infty)$, via the Lusin area function and the Littlewood-Paley $g_λ^\ast$-function in terms of centered ball averages. The authors also show that the condition $p\in(\max\{1, \frac{2n}{2α+n}\},\infty)$ is nearly sharp in the sense that these characterizations are no longer true when $p\in (1,\max\{1, \frac{2n}{2α+n}\})$. These characterizations provide a new possible way to introduce fractional Sobolev spaces with smoothness order in $(1,2]$…
Let $X$ be a ball quasi-Banach function space on ${\mathbb R}^n$. In this article, assuming that the powered Hardy--Littlewood maximal operator satisfies some Fefferman--Stein vector-valued maximal inequality on $X$ and is bounded on the associated space, the authors establish various Littlewood--Paley function characterizations of the Hardy space $H_X({\mathbb R}^n)$ associated with $X$, under some weak assumptions on the Littlewood--Paley functions. To this end, the authors also establish a useful estimate on the change of angles in tent spaces associated with $X$. All these results have wid…
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