Quantization of Lie bialgebras, part VI: quantization of generalized Kac-Moody algebras
Pavel Etingof, David Kazhdan
备注：
10 pages, amstex; the paper relies on the fact that quantization of Lie bialgebras commutes with duals and doubles, whose proof in the original version contained a gap. An adequate proof of this fact was obtained by Enriquez and Geer in 0707.2337. The present version takes this into account
This paper is a continuation of the series of papers "Quantization of Lie bialgebras (QLB) I-V". We show that the image of a Kac-Moody Lie bialgebra with the standard quasitriangular structure under the quantization functor defined in QLB-I,II is isomorphic to the Drinfeld-Jimbo quantization of this Lie bialgebra, with the standard quasitriangular structure. This implies that when the quantization parameter is formal, then the category O for the quantized Kac-Moody algebra is equivalent, as a braided tensor category, to the category O over the corresponding classical Kac-Moody algebra, with the tensor category structure defined by a Drinfeld associator. This equivalence is a generalization of the functor constructed previously by G.Lusztig and the second author.
In particular, we answer positively a question of Drinfeld whether the characters of irreducible highest weight modules for quantized Kac-Moody algebras are the same as in the classical case.
Moreover, our results are valid for the Lie algebra g(A) corresponding to any symmetrizable matrix A (not necessarily with integer entries), which answers another question of Drinfeld.
We also prove the Drinfeld-Kohno theorem for the algebra g(A) (it was previously proved by Varchenko using integral formulas for solutions of the KZ equations).
Braided-Lie bialgebras have been introduced by Majid, as the Lie versions of Hopf algebras in braided categories. In this paper we extend previous work of Majid and of ours to show that there is a braided-Lie bialgebra associated to each inclusion of Kac-Moody bialgebras. Doing so, we obtain many new examples of infinite-dimensional braided-Lie bialgebras. We analyze further the case of untwisted affine Kac-Moody bialgebras associated to finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras. The inclusion we study is that of the finite-type algebra in the affine algebra. This braided-Lie bialgebra is isomorp…
We provide some necessary details to several arguments appearing in our previous paper ``Canonical bases for quantum generalized Kac-Moody algebras''. We also make the link with some other work on the same subject.
We construct a canonical basis for quantum generalized Kac-Moody algebra via semisimple perverse sheaves on varieties of representations of quivers. We compare this basis with the one recently defined purely algebraically by Jeong, Kang and Kashiwara.
We introduce an affinization of the quantum Kac-Moody algebra associated to a symmetric generalized Cartan matrix. Based on the affinization, we construct a representation of the quantum Kac-Moody algebra by vertex operators from bosonic fields. We also obtain a combinatorial indentity about Hall-Littlewood polynomials.
A Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand resolution for arbitrary Kac-Moody algebras and arbitrary subsets of the set of simple roots is proven. Moreover, quantum group analogs of the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand resolution for symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras are established. For quantized enveloping algebras with fixed complex nonzero deformation parameter q exactness is proven for all q which are not a root of unity.
We present a geometric construction of highest weight crystals for quantum generalized Kac-Moody algebras. It is given in terms of the irreducible components of certain Lagrangian subvarieties of Nakajima's quiver varieties associated to quivers with edge loops.
In the past two decades there has been a great attention to Lie (super)algebras which are extensions of affine Kac-Moody Lie (super)algebras, in certain typical or axiomatic approaches. These Lie (super)algebras have been mostly studied under variations of the name "extended affine Lie (super)algebras". We show that certain classes of Malcev (super)algebras also can be put in this framework. This in particular allows to provide new examples of Malcev (super)algebras which extend the known Kac-Moody Malcev (super)algebras.
We construct a vertex algebra of central charge 26 from a lattice orbifold vertex operator algebra of central charge 12. The BRST-cohomology group of this vertex algebra is a new generalized Kac-Moody algebra of rank 14. We determine its root space multiplicities and a set of simple roots.
We discuss a general theory of Lorentzian Kac--Moody algebras which should be a hyperbolic analogy of the classical theories of finite-dimensional semi-simple and affine Kac-Moody algebras. First examples of Lorentzian Kac-Moody algebras were found by Borcherds. We consider general finiteness results about the set of Lorentzian Kac--Moody algebras and the problem of their classification. As an example, we give classification of Lorentzian Kac--Moody algebras of the rank three with the symmetry group which is an extended paramodular group. Perhaps, this is the first example when a large class o…
In this paper, we give polyhedral realization of the crystal $B(\infty)$ of $U_q^-(\mathfrak g)$ for the generalized Kac-Moody algebras. As applications, we give explicit descriptions of crystals for the generalized Kac-Moody algebras of rank 2, 3 and {\it Monster Lie algebras}.
The conjugacy classes of the involutive automorphisms of the affine Kac-Moody algebras \Cli\ for $\ell\geq 2$ are determined using the matrix formulation of automorphisms of an affine Kac-Moody algebra.
In this paper we prove the Kazhdan-Lusztig type character formula for irreducible highest weight modules with positive rational highest weights over symmetrizable Kac-Moody Lie algebras.
Given an affine Kac-Moody algebra, we explain how to construct a coproduct for its associated Yangian. In order to prove that this coproduct is an algebra homomorphism, we obtain, in the first half of this paper, a minimalistic presentation of the Yangian when the Kac-Moody algebra is, more generally, symmetrizable.
We introduce generalizations of Kac-Moody 2-categories in which the quiver Hecke algebras of Khovanov, Lauda and Rouquier are replaced by the quiver Hecke superalgebras of Kang, Kashiwara and Tsuchioka.
We provide a geometric realization of the crystal $B(\infty)$ for quantum generalized Kac-Moody algebras in terms of the irreducible components of certain Lagrangian subvarieties in the representation spaces of a quiver.
Using vertex operators, we build representations of the Yangian of a simply laced Kac-Moody algebra and of its double. As a corollary, we prove the PBW property for simply laced affine Yangians.
In this paper, we introduce the notion of abstract crystals for quantum generalized Kac-Moody algebras and study their fundamental properties. We then prove the crystal embedding theorem and give a characterization of the crystals $B(\infty)$ and $B(\la)$.
For a dominant integral weight $lambda $, we introduce a family of $U_q ^+ (mathfrak{g})$-submodules $V_w (lambda)$ of the irreducible highest weight $U_q (mathfrak{g})$-module $V(lambda)$ of highest weight $lambda $ for a generalized Kac--Moody algebra $mathfrak{g}$. We prove that the module $V_w (lambda)$ is spanned by its global basis, and then give a character formula for $V_w (lambda)$, which generalizes the Demazure character formula for ordinary Kac--Moody algebras.
Let B(\infty) be the crystal corresponding to the nilpotent part of a quantized Kac-Moody algebra. We suggest a general way to represent B(\infty) as the set of integer solutions of a system of linear inequalities. As an application, we treat in a unified manner all Kac-Moody algebras of rank 2 (sharpening the result by Kashiwara), as well as the algebras of types A_n and A_{n-1}^{(1)}.
Continuum Kac-Moody algebras have been recently introduced by the authors and O. Schiffmann. These are Lie algebras governed by a continuum root system, which can be realized as uncountable colimits of Borcherds-Kac-Moody algebras. In this paper, we prove that any continuum Kac-Moody algebra is canonically endowed with a non-degenerate invariant bilinear form. The positive and negative Borel subalgebras form a Manin triple with respect to this pairing, inducing on the continuum Kac-Moody algebra a topological quasi-triangular Lie bialgebra structure. We then construct an explicit quantization,…
We show that the rank 10 hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebra $E_{10}$ contains every simply laced hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebra as a Lie subalgebra. Our method is based on an extension of earlier work of Feingold and Nicolai.
We present an explicit character formula for the irreducible highest weight representations of the non-twisted affine Kac-Moody Lie algebra at the critical level which are integrable over the corresponding finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra.
Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebra of rank $2$. We give a polyhedral realization of the crystal basis for the extremal weight module of extremal weight $λ$, where $λ$ is an integral weight whose Weyl group orbit has neither a dominant integral weight nor an antidominant integral weight.
This is the text of the Hermann Weyl Prize lecture given by the author at the XXIV Colloquium on Group Theoretical Methods in Physics, Paris, July 2002 (to appear in the Proceedings of the Colloquium).
Evaluation 2-Functors for Kac-Moody 2-Categories of Type A2
Centro de Análise Matemática, Geometria e Sistemas Dinâmicos, Departamento de Matemática, Instituto Superior Técnico（数学、几何与动力系统分析中心，数学系，高等技术学院）；Departamento de Matemática, FCT, Universidade do Algarve（法库尔特斯学院，阿尔加维大学数学系）；Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA), Department of Mathematics, University of Aveiro（数学与应用研发中心（CIDMA），数学系，阿威罗大学）；Institut de Recherche en Mathématique et Physique, Université Catholique de Louvain（数学与物理研究所，天主教鲁汶大学）
We introduce a non-degenerate bilinear form and use it to provide a new characterization of quantum Kac-Moody superalgebras with no isotropic odd simple roots. We show that the spin quiver Hecke algebras introduced by Kang-Kashiwara-Tsuchioka provide a categorification of half the quantum Kac-Moody superalgebras, using the recent work of Ellis-Khovanov-Lauda. A new idea here is that a super sign is categorified as spin (i.e., the parity-shift functor).
Using the coset construction, we compute the root multiplicities at level three for some hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebras including the basic hyperbolic extension of $A_1^{(1)}$ and $E_{10}$.
We investigate regular hyperbolic subalgebras of hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebras via their Weyl groups. We classify all subgroups relations between Weyl groups of hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebras, and show that for every pair of a group and subgroup their exists at least one corresponding pair of algebra and subalgebra. We also present a finite algorithm classifying all regular hyperbolic subalgebras of hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebras.
In this paper, we discuss the Poincaré series of Kac-Moody Lie algebras, especially for indefinite type. Firstly, we compute the Poincaré series of certain indefinite Kac-Moody Lie algebras whose Cartan matrices have the same type of $2\times 2$ principal sub-matrices. Secondly, we show that the Poincaré series of Kac-Moody Lie algebras satisfy certain interesting properties. Lastly we give some applications of the Poincaré series to other fields. Particularly we construct some counter examples to a conjecture of Victor Kac\cite{Kac_85} and a conjecture of Chapavalov, Leites and Stekolshchik\c…
We show that Joseph-Lamprou's path model for representations of generalized Kac-Moody algebras can be embedded into Littelmann's path model for certain Kac-Moody algebras. Using this embedding, for Joseph-Lamprou's path crystals, we give a decomposition rule for tensor product and a branching rule for restriction to Levi subalgebras. Also, we obtain a characterization of standard paths in terms of a certain monoid, which can be thought of as a generalization of a Coxeter group.
We consider the XXX Bethe equation associated with integral dominant weights of a Kac-Moody algebra and introduce a generating procedure constructing new solutions starting from a given one. The family of all solutions constructed from a given one is called a population. We describe properties of populations.
We consider the variant of Mirror Symmetry Conjecture for K3 surfaces which relates "geometry" of curves of a general member of a family of K3 with "algebraic functions" on the moduli of the mirror family. Lorentzian Kac--Moody algebras are involved in this construction. We give several examples when this conjecture is valid.
We introduce a higher dimensional generalization of the affine Kac-Moody algebra using the language of factorization algebras. In particular, on any complex manifold there is a factorization algebra of "currents" associated to any Lie algebra. We classify local cocycles of these current algebras, and compare them to central extensions of higher affine algebras recently proposed by Faonte-Hennion-Kapranov. A central goal of this paper is to witness higher Kac-Moody algebras as symmetries of a class of holomorphic quantum field theories. In particular, we prove a generalization of the free field…
