红外发散诱导的超选择规则
Superselection rules induced by infrared divergence
摘要：
研究了一类精确可解哈密顿模型与零质量玻色子场相互作用诱导的超选择规则。这种计算既适用于连续超选择规则，也适用于离散超选择规则。玻色子场的初始状态（参考状态）是正常状态或KMS状态。超选择扇区的出现当且仅当玻色子场是红外发散的，即。e.裸光子数发散，玻色子场的基态在连续谱中消失。退相干的时间尺度取决于相互作用的红外贡献的强度和玻色子系统的初始状态的属性。这些结果首先来自一个哈密顿守恒律。但在最一般的情况下，哈密顿量包括一个额外的散射势，唯一的守恒量是整个系统的能量。超选择扇区对散射过程的扰动保持稳定。
英文摘要：
Superselection rules induced by the interaction with a mass zero Boson field are investigated for a class of exactly soluble Hamiltonian models. The calculations apply as well to discrete as to continuous superselection rules. The initial state (reference state) of the Boson field is either a normal state or a KMS state. The superselection sectors emerge if and only if the Boson field is infrared divergent, i. e. the bare photon number diverges and the ground state of the Boson field disappears in the continuum. The time scale of the decoherence depends on the strength of the infrared contributions of the interaction and on properties of the initial state of the Boson system. These results are first derived for a Hamiltonian with conservation laws. But in the most general case the Hamiltonian includes an additional scattering potential, and the only conserved quantity is the energy of the total system. The superselection sectors remain stable against the perturbation by the scattering processes.
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