The goal of this paper is to find the quantization conditions of Bohr-Sommerfeld of k quantum Hamiltonians acting on the euclidian space of dimension n, depending on a small parameter h, and which commute to each other. That is we determine, around a regular energy level E of the euclidian space of dimension k the principal term of the asymptotics in h of the eigenvalues of the operators that are associated to a common eigenfunction. Thus we localize the so-called joint spectrum of the operators.
Under the assumption that the classical Hamiltonian flow of the joint principal symbol is periodic with constant periods on the energy level of E(a submanifold of codimension k) we prove that the part of the joint spectrum lying in a small neighbourhood of E is localized near a lattice of size h determined in terms of actions and Maslov indices. The multiplicity of the spectrum is also determined.
We revisit in this Note the well known Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule (BS) for 1-D Pseudo-differential self-adjoint Hamiltonians within the algebraic and microlocal framework of Helffer and Sjöstrand; BS holds precisely when the Gram matrix consisting of scalar products of WKB solutions with respect to the "flux norm" is not invertible.
We consider the adiabatic limit in quantum mechanics with several avoided crossings. We compute the interferences effects uniformly w.r. to the gaps and the adiabatic parameter. This way we get the asymoptotic expansion of the global scattering matrix. We use the technics of normal forms introduced in the paper written with B. Parisse (Commun. Math. Phys. 205 pp. 459--500 (1999)).
We revisit the well known Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule (BS) for a 1-D Pseudo-differential self-adjoint Hamiltonian within the algebraic and microlocal framework of Helffer and Sjöstrand; BS holds precisely when the Gram matrix consisting of scalar products of some WKB solutions with respect to the "flux norm" is not invertible. The interest of this procedure lies in its possible generalization to matrix-valued Hamiltonians, like Bogoliubov-de Gennes Hamiltonian. It is simplified in the scalar case by using action-angle variables.
We relate the Bohr-Sommerfeld conditions established in microlocal analysis to formal deformation quantization of symplectic manifolds by classifying star products adapted to some Lagrangian submanifold L, i.e. products preserving the classical vanishing ideal I of L up to I-preserving equivalences.
We use the Bohr Sommerfeld quantization rule along with a perturbative evaluation of the action intergral to find exact energy levels for the Pöschl-Teller potential (both hyperbolic and trigonometric forms), the Morse potential, and the Rosen Morse potential. Combining perturbation theory with the simplest asymptotic evaluation of the action integral allows us to obtain all the energy levels of the Lennard-Jones potential with an accuracy greater than 0.1 per cent and serves to confirm that the perturbation results for Pöschl-Teller and Morse Potentials are exact.
For a class of non-selfadjoint h-pseudodifferential operators in dimension 2, we determine all eigenvalues in an h-independent domain in the complex plane and show that they are given by a Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition. No complete integrability is assumed, and as a geometrical step in our proof, we get a KAM-type theorem (without small divisors) in the complex domain.
We present a new approach to special lagrangian geometry which works for Bohr - Sommerfeld lagrangian submanifolds of symplectic manifolds with integer symplectic forms. This leads to construction of finite dimensional moduli spaces of SBS lagrangian cycles over algebraic varieties.
We present a method for computing first order asymptotics of semiclassical spectra for 1-D Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) Hamiltonian from Supraconductivity, which models the electron/hole scattering through two SNS junctions. This involves: 1) reducing the system to Weber equation near the branching point at the junctions, 2) constructing local sections of the fibre bundle of microlocal solutions, 3) normalizing these solutions for the "flux norm" associated to the microlocal Wronskians, 4) finding the relative monodromy matrices in the gauge group that leaves invariant the flux norm, 5) from thi…
We introduce semiclassical methods into the study of the volume spectrum in loop gravity. The classical system behind a 4-valent spinnetwork node is a Euclidean tetrahedron. We investigate the tetrahedral volume dynamics on phase space and apply Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization to find the volume spectrum. The analysis shows a remarkable quantitative agreement with the volume spectrum computed in loop gravity. Moreover, it provides new geometrical insights into the degeneracy of this spectrum and the maximum and minimum eigenvalues of the volume on intertwiner space.
Suppose given a complex projective manifold $M$ with a fixed Hodge form $Ω$. The Bohr-Sommerfeld Lagrangian submanifolds of $(M,Ω)$ are the geometric counterpart to semi-classical physical states, and their geometric quantization has been extensively studied. Here we revisit this theory in the equivariant context, in the presence of a compatible (Hamiltonian) action of a connected compact Lie group.
In this article, we state the Bohr-Sommerfeld conditions around a singular value of hyperbolic type of the principal symbol of a self-adjoint semiclassical Toeplitz operator on a compact connected Kähler surface. These conditions allow the description of the spectrum of the operator in a fixed size neighbourhood of the singularity. We provide numerical computations for three examples, each associated to a different topology.
In this paper, we give a description of the spectrum of a class of non-selfadjoint perturbations of selfadjoint operators in dimension one and we show that it is given by Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization conditions. To achieve this, we make use of previous work by Michael Hitrik, Anders Melin and Johannes Sj{ö}strand. We also give an application of our result in the case of PT-symmetric pseudo-differential operators.
A major challenge for any theory of quantum gravity is to quantize general relativity while retaining some part of its geometrical character. We present new evidence for the idea that this can be achieved by directly quantizing space itself. We compute the Bohr-Sommerfeld volume spectrum of a tetrahedron and show that it reproduces the quantization of a grain of space found in loop gravity.
Let $X$ be a compact connected Riemann surface of genus at least two. Let $M_H(r,d)$ denote the moduli space of semistable Higgs bundles on $X$ of rank $r$ and degree $d$. We prove that the compact complex Bohr-Sommerfeld Lagrangians of $M_H(r,d)$ are precisely the irreducible components of the nilpotent cone in $M_H(r,d)$. This generalizes to Higgs $G$-bundles and also to the parabolic Higgs bundles.
In this paper we determine in second order in the fine structure constant the energy levels of Weber's Hamiltonian admitting a quantized torus. Our formula coincides with the formula obtained by Wesley using the Schrödinger equation for Weber's Hamiltonian.
An important problem in geometric quantization is that of quantizing certain classes of Lagrangian submanifolds, so-called Bohr-Sommerfeld Lagrangian submanifolds, equipped with a smooth half-density. A procedure for this in the complex projective setting is, roughly speaking, to apply the Szego kernel of the quantizing line bundle to a certain induced delta function supported on the submanifold. If the quantizing line bundle L is replaced by its k-th tensor power, and k tends to infinity, the resulting quantum states u_k concentrate asymptotically on the submanifold. This note deals with the …
In previous papers we introduced the notion of special Bohr - Sommerfeld lagrangian cycles on a compact simply connected symplectic manifold with integer symplectic form, and presented the main interesting case: compact simply connected algebraic variety with an ample line bundle such that the space of Bohr - Sommerfeld lagrangian cycles with respect to a compatible Kahler form of the Hodge type and holomorphic sections of the bundle is finite. The main problem appeared in this way is singular components of the corresponding lagrangian shadows (or sceletons of the corresponding Weinstein domai…
The Bohr-Sommerfeld approximation to the eigenvalues of a one-dimensional quantum Hamiltonian is derived through order $\hbar^2$ (i.e., including the first correction term beyond the usual result) by means of the Moyal star product. The Hamiltonian need only have a Weyl transform (or symbol) that is a power series in $\hbar$, starting with $\hbar^0$, with a generic fixed point in phase space. The Hamiltonian is not restricted to the kinetic-plus-potential form. The method involves transforming the Hamiltonian to a normal form, in which it becomes a function of the harmonic oscillator Hamiltoni…
In this paper, we describe Bohr-Sommerfeld rules for semi-classical completely integrable systems with 2 degrees of freedom with non degenerate singularities (Morse-Bott singularities) under the assumption that the energy level of the first Hamiltonian is non singular. The more singular case of {\it focus-focus} singularities is studied in [Vu Ngoc San, CPAM 2000] and [Vu Ngoc San, PhD 1998] The case of 1 degree of freedom has been studied in [Colin de Verdiere-Parisse, CMP 1999] Our theory is applied to some famous examples: the geodesics of the ellipsoid, the $1:2$-resonance, and Schroedinge…
ETH Zurich, Institute for Mathematical Research（苏黎世联邦理工学院数学研究所）；Department of Mathematical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University（立命馆大学数学科学系）；Department of Engineering, University of Borås（博尔斯大学工程系）
Poles of integrale tritronquee are in bijection with cubic oscillators that admit the simultaneous solutions of two quantization conditions. We show that the poles lie near the solutions of a pair of Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization conditions (the Bohr-Sommerfeld-Boutroux system): the distance between a pole and the corresponding solution of the Bohr-Sommerfeld-Boutroux system vanishes asymptotically.
In this paper we describe the spectrum of the quantum periodic Benjamin-Ono equation in terms of the multi-phase solutions of the underlying classical system (the periodic multi-solitons). To do so, we show that the semi-classical quantization of this system given by Abanov-Wiegmann is exact and equivalent to the geometric quantization by Nazarov-Sklyanin. First, for the Liouville integrable subsystems defined from the multi-phase solutions, we use a result of Gérard-Kappeler to prove that if one neglects the infinitely-many transverse directions in phase space, the regular Bohr-Sommerfeld con…
We present a detailed study, in the semi-classical regime $h \to 0$, of microlocal properties of systems of two commuting h-PDO s $P_1(h)$, $P_2(h)$ such that the joint principal symbol $p=(p_1,p_2)$ has a special kind of singularity called a "focus-focus" singularity. Typical examples include the quantum spherical pendulum or the quantum Champagne bottle. In the spirit of Colin de Verdière and Parisse, we show that such systems have a universal behavior described by singular quantization conditions of Bohr-Sommerfeld type. These conditions are used to give a precise description of the joint s…
In the previous papers we present a construction of the set ${\cal U}_{SBS}$ in the direct product ${\cal B}_S \times \mathbb{P} Γ(M, L)$ of the moduli space of Bohr - Sommerfeld lagrangian submanifolds of fixed topological type and the projectivized space of smooth sections of the prequantization bundle $L \to M$ over a given compact simply connected symplectic manifold $M$. Canonical projections $p: {\cal U}_{SBS} \to \mathbb{P} Γ(M, L)$ and $q: {\cal U}_{SBS} \to {\cal B}_S$ are studied in the present text: first, we show that the differential ${\rm d} p$ at a given point is an isomorphism,…
This paper extends the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization of the spherical pendulum to a full quantum theory. This the first application of geometric quantization to a classical system with monodromy.
Consider the semiclassical limit, as the Planck constant $\hbar\ri 0$, of bound states of a one-dimensional quantum particle in multiple potential wells separated by barriers. We show that, for each eigenvalue of the Schrödinger operator, the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition is satisfied at least for one potential well. The proof of this result relies on a study of real wave functions in a neighborhood of a potential barrier. We show that, at least from one side, the barrier fixes the phase of wave functions in the same way as a potential barrier of infinite width. On the other hand, it …
For relativistic atomic two-body systems such as the hydrogen atom, positronium, and muon-proton bound states, a two-body generalisation of the single-particle Sommerfeld fine-structure formula for the relativistic bound-state energies is found. The two-body Sommerfeld bound-state energy formula is obtained from a two-body wave equation which is physically correct to order $(Zα)^4$. The two-body Sommerfeld formula makes two predictions in order $(Zα)^6$ for every bound state and every mass ratio. With $N$ the Bohr quantum number: (a) The coefficient of the $(Zα)^6/N^6$ energy term has a specif…
We study the asymptotic behavior of the spectrum of a quantum system which is a perturbation of a spherically symmetric anharmonic oscillator in dimension 2. We prove that a large part of its eigenvalues can be obtained by Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule applied to the normal form Hamiltonian and also admit an asymptotic expansion at infinity. The proof is based on the generalization to the present context of the normal form approach developed in [BLM20b] (see also [PS10]) for the particular case of $T^d$.
We prove, assuming that the Bohr-Sommerfeld rules hold, that the joint spectrum near a focus-focus critical value of a quantum integrable system determines the classical Lagrangian foliation around the full focus-focus leaf. The result applies, for instance, to h-pseudodifferential operators, and to Berezin-Toeplitz operators on prequantizable compact symplectic manifolds.
An approximate quantum-mechanical two-body equation for spinless particles incorporating relativistic kinematics is derived. The derivation is based on the relativistic energy-momentum relation $mc^{2}+ε= \sqrt{m^{2}c^{4}+p^{2}c^{2}}+V$ for each single particle, where $mc^2$ is the particle rest mass energy, $p$ its linear momentum, $ε$ its dynamical energy, and $V$ being the time-like vector interaction potential. The resulting two-body equation assumes rapid wave oscillations in a single, slowly varying potential well. A Bohr-Sommerfeld-type quantization condition is obtained. The approximat…
