面向对象程序理解：专业知识、任务和阶段的影响
Object-Oriented Program Comprehension: Effect of Expertise, Task and Phase
摘要：
我们的研究的目标是评估程序理解的三个因素，以前没有在一个单一的实验中研究的效果。这些因素是程序员的专业知识（专家与新手），编程任务（文档与重用），以及随着时间的推移理解的发展（阶段1与阶段2）。本研究是在以van Dijk和Kintsch（1983）的模型为基础的理解心理模型方法的背景下进行的。这个模型的一个关键方面是区分读者可能从文本中构建的两种表征：1）文本基础，指的是文本中所说的内容以及如何说，2）情景模型，表示文本所指的情景。我们已经评估了上述三个因素对面向对象程序理解中的文本库（或程序模型）和情境模型的发展的影响。我们发现了一个四向互动的专业知识，阶段，任务和类型的模型。对于文档组，我们发现专家和新手在情景模型的阐述上有所不同，但在程序模型上没有差异。在文档组中，专业知识与模型的阶段和类型没有相互作用。对于重用组来说，在阶段、专业知识和模型类型之间有三种交互方式。对于新手重用组，该阶段的效果是增加了情境模型的构建，而不是程序模型。关于任务，我们的研究结果表明，新手不自发地构建一个强大的情况下，但能够这样做，如果任务的要求。
英文摘要：
The goal of our study is to evaluate the effect on program comprehension of three factors that have not previously been studied in a single experiment. These factors are programmer expertise (expert vs. novice), programming task (documentation vs. reuse), and the development of understanding over time (phase 1 vs. phase 2). This study is carried out in the context of the mental model approach to comprehension based on van Dijk and Kintsch's model (1983). One key aspect of this model is the distinction between two kinds of representation the reader might construct from a text: 1) the textbase, which refers to what is said in the text and how it is said, and 2) the situation model, which represents the situation referred to by the text. We have evaluated the effect of the three factors mentioned above on the development of both the textbase (or program model) and the situation model in object-oriented program comprehension. We found a four-way interaction of expertise, phase, task and type of model. For the documentation group we found that experts and novices differ in the elaboration of their situation model but not their program model. There was no interaction of expertise with phase and type of model in the documentation group. For the reuse group, there was a three-way interaction between phase, expertise and type of model. For the novice reuse group, the effect of the phase was to increase the construction of the situation model but not the program model. With respect to the task, our results show that novices do not spontaneously construct a strong situation model but are able to do so if the task demands it.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
