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arXiv cond-mat/0508024cond-mat.mes-hall
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电子马赫-曾德尔干涉仪中的相干和相位:干涉电子的一种意外行为

Coherence and Phase in an Electronic Mach-Zehnder Interferometer: An Unexpected Behavior of Interfering Electrons

I. Neder, M. Heiblum, Y. Levinson, D. Mahalu, V. Umansky

摘要:

我们报告了一个不可预测的行为的干扰二维电子在整数量子霍尔效应(IQHE)制度通过利用电子模拟的著名的马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)的观察。这个实验的美妙之处在于双路干涉的简单性。通过边缘通道在两条路径上行进的电子只感受到边缘电势和强磁场;这两种都是IQHE区域中的典型。然而,这些电子通过Aharonov-Bohm(AB)效应的干涉,以一种最不寻常的方式表现得令人惊讶。我们发现,在填充因子1和2,高可见度的干涉振荡,这是强烈调制的波瓣型结构,因为我们增加了电子注入电压。能见度经历了几个最大值和中间的零点,AB振荡的相位在每个波瓣上保持不变,在每个零点处突然滑动。相位的波瓣图案和“粘滑”行为对干涉仪结构的细节不敏感;但对磁场高度敏感。观察到的周期性定义了一个起源不清楚的“新能量尺度”。另一方面,相位刚性是令人惊讶的,因为Onsager关系在这里不相关。

英文摘要:

We report the observation of an unpredicted behavior of interfering 2D electrons in the integer quantum Hall effect (IQHE) regime via a utilization of an electronic analog of the well-known Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The beauty of this experiment lies in the simplicity of two path interference. Electrons that travel the two paths via edge channels, feel only the edge potential and the strong magnetic field; both typical in the IQHE regime. Yet, the interference of these electrons via the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect, behaves surprisingly in a most uncommon way. We found, at filling factors 1 and 2, high visibility interference oscillations, which were strongly modulated by a lobe-type structure as we increased the electron injection voltage. The visibility went through a few maxima and zeros in between, with the phase of the AB oscillations staying constant throughout each lobe and slipping abruptly by at each zero. The lobe pattern and the 'stick-slip' behavior of the phase were insensitive to details of the interferometer structure; but highly sensitive to magnetic field. The observed periodicity defines a 'new energy scale' with an unclear origin. The phase rigidity, on the other hand, is surprising since Onsager relations are not relevant here.

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