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arXiv 2203.04205cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.str-el
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Mach-Zehnder干涉仪中的任意子干涉和编织相位

Anyonic interference and braiding phase in a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

Hemanta Kumar Kundu, Sourav Biswas, Nissim Ofek, Vladimir Umansky, Moty Heiblum

摘要:

分数量子霍尔态一直被预测为分数(任意离子)交换统计的测试场。这些拓扑状态的准粒子的分数费用的阿贝尔和非阿贝尔字符。准粒子的电荷通常由散粒噪声测量确定(1,2),状态的统计可以通过适当地干扰准粒子来揭示。虽然多路法布里-珀罗电子干涉仪(FPI)更容易制造,但它经常受到库仑相互作用的困扰(3),其面积与磁场一起呼吸(4),并且其主体的电荷倾向于波动(5)。采用充分筛选的最新FPI实验允许在原液灌装$ν$ =1/3时观察到Aharonov-Bohm(AB)干扰(6)。在目前的工作中,我们选择采用无相互作用,双路,马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(MZI),调谐到散装填充$ν$ =2/5。干扰外$ν$ =1/3模式(与内$ν$ =1/15模式筛选出的散装),我们观察到一个“修饰AB”的周期性,与组合的“裸AB”通量周期的三个通量量子(3 $ϕ_0$)和“编织阶段”2 $π$ /3。这种独特的干涉导致了单个通量量子的AB周期性。此外,干扰的可见性,$v_{e/3}$,明显偏离的电子一$\it{v}_{e}$,同意与理论上预期的可见性,$\it{v}_{e/3} \sim {\it{v}_e}^3$。由于MZI的两个非等效排水管,部分可见度在远离MZI的无处不在的传输一半的地方达到峰值。我们提供了简单的理论论据来支持我们的结果。MZI被证明是一个强大的工具,可以用来进一步探索更复杂的任意准粒子的统计。

英文摘要:

The fractional quantum Hall states have long been predicted to be a testing ground of fractional (anyonic) exchange statistics. These topological states harbor quasiparticles with fractional charges of both abelian and non-abelian characters. The quasiparticles' charge is commonly determined by shot noise measurements (1, 2), and states' statistics can be revealed by appropriately interfering the quasiparticles. While the multipath Fabry-Perot electronic interferometer (FPI) is easier to fabricate, it is often plagued by Coulomb interactions (3), its area breathes with the magnetic field (4), and its bulk's charges tend to fluctuate (5). Recent FPI experiments employing adequate screening allowed an observation of Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interference at bulk filling $ν$=1/3 (6). In the current work, we chose to employ an interaction-free, two-path, Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), tuned to bulk filling $ν$=2/5. Interfering the outer $ν$=1/3 mode (with the inner $ν$=1/15 mode screening out the bulk), we observed a 'dressed AB' periodicity, with a combined 'bare AB' flux periodicity of three flux-quanta (3$ϕ_0$) and the 'braiding phase' 2$π$/3. This unique interference resulted with an AB periodicity of a single flux-quantum. Moreover, the visibility of the interference, $v_{e/3}$, deviated markedly from that of the electronic one $\it{v}_{e}$, agreeing with the theoretically expected visibility, $\it{v}_{e/3} \sim {\it{v}_e}^3$. With the two non-equivalent drains of the MZI, the fractional visibility peaked away from the ubiquitous transmission-half of the MZI. We provide simple theoretical arguments that support our results. The MZI proves to be a powerful tool that can be used to probe further the statistics of more complex anyonic quasiparticles.

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