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arXiv 2605.29909astro-ph.HE
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超亮超新星的伽马射线特征:SN 2017egm的Fermi-LAT GeV探测及中央引擎的证据

Gamma-ray signature of superluminous supernovae: Fermi-LAT GeV detection of SN 2017egm and evidence of a central engine

F. Acero, A. Acharyya, A. Adelfio, M. Ajello, E. Aviano, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, C. Bartolini, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra Gonzalez, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, R. B… 展开作者

F. Acero, A. Acharyya, A. Adelfio, M. Ajello, E. Aviano, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, C. Bartolini, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra Gonzalez, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, R. Bonino, P. Bruel, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, F. Casaburo, F. Casini, E. Cavazzuti, C. C. Cheung, N. Cibrario, G. Cozzolongo, P. Cristarella Orestano, F. Cuna, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, D. Depalo, S. W. Digel, N. Di Lalla, A. Dinesh, L. Di Venere, P. Fauverge, A. Fiori, A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, C. Gasbarra, D. Gasparrini, S. Germani, F. Giacchino, N. Giglietto, M. Giliberti, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, I. A. Grenier, M. -H. Grondin, S. Guiriec, R. Gupta, E. Hays, J. W. Hewitt, A. Holzmann Airasca, D. Horan, X. Hou, T. Kayanoki, M. Kerr, M. Kuss, A. Laviron, M. Lemoine-Goumard, A. Liguori, J. Li, I. Liodakis, P. Loizzo, F. Longo, F. Loparco, S. López Pérez, L. Lorusso, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, G. Martí-Devesa, R. Martinelli, M. N. Mazziotta, M. Michailidis, P. F. Michelson, N. Mirabal, T. Mizuno, P. Monti-Guarnieri, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, G. Panzarini, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, R. Pillera, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, M. Sánchez-Conde, P. M. Saz Parkinson, D. Serini, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, Z. Wadiasingh, K. Wood, G. Zaharijas, W. Zhang, E. Chatzopoulos, B. D. Metzger, P. J. Pessi, I. Vurm

AI总结:

通过对SN 2017egm的Fermi-LAT GeV伽马射线数据分析,发现其显著伽马射线辐射与磁星模型预测一致,支持中央引擎驱动机制。

摘要:

超亮超新星(SLSNe)是一类罕见的暂现源,其峰值光度比标准核心坍缩超新星(SNe)高10-100倍。驱动其极端亮度的机制仍存在争议,其中星周介质(CSM)相互作用或来自中央引擎(如磁星风星云)的能量注入是最合理的场景。为了进一步限制潜在机制,我们利用Fermi-LAT望远镜对过去16年间附近贫氢(I型)和富氢(II型)SLSNe样本进行了系统的GeV伽马射线搜寻。在样本中,只有SN 2017egm显示出显著的伽马射线辐射,其似然检验统计量(TS)值在26-33之间(即>5σ),具体取决于所选时间窗口。该信号出现在爆炸后50至160天之间,并由幂律谱很好地描述,谱指数$Γ=2.17 \pm 0.23$。其光变曲线和光谱均与磁星模型的预测一致,该模型要求低星云磁化强度或比偶极损失更快的自旋减速。CSM壳层相互作用场景可以重现观测到的流量水平,但无法重现伽马射线信号的时间特性。此外,观测到的$L_γ/L_{opt} \sim 1$比值与理论预期不符,也不符合其他以CSM相互作用为主的天体(如新星或超新星)中该比值小于$10^{-2}$的测量结果。我们的研究强烈表明,像磁星这样的中央引擎在这个SLSN中起着关键作用,并可以解释光学和伽马射线光变曲线的大部分性质。最后,对50小时CTAO观测的模拟表明,在磁星模型中,类似SN 2017egm的事件可被探测到140 Mpc,但在CSM模型中由于强伽马-伽马吸收而无法探测。

英文摘要:

Superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) are a rare class of transients with peak luminosities 10-100 times greater than those of standard core-collapse supernovae (SNe). The mechanisms powering their extreme brightness remain debated, with circumstellar medium (CSM) interaction, or energy injection from a central engine like a magnetar wind nebula being the most plausible scenarios. To further constrain the underlying mechanism, we carried out a systematic search for GeV gamma-ray emission using the Fermi-LAT telescope from a sample of nearby hydrogen-poor (Type I) and hydrogen-rich (Type II) SLSNe over the past 16 years. Among the sample, only SN 2017egm shows significant gamma-ray emission, with likelihood test statistic (TS) values of 26-33 (i.e., >5$σ$) depending on the adopted time window. The signal arises between 50 and 160 days after explosion and is well described by a power-law spectrum with index $Γ=2.17 \pm 0.23$. The emission is consistent both in terms of its light curve and its spectrum, with predictions from magnetar models requiring either low nebular magnetization or faster spin-down than dipole losses. The CSM shell interaction scenario can reproduce the observed flux level but not the observed timing of the gamma-ray signal. In addition, the observed ratio, $L_γ/L_{opt} \sim 1$, is inconsistent with theoretical expectations and not in line with ratio measurements in other interacting CSM-dominated objects (e.g., novae or SNe) where this ratio is less than $10^{-2}$. Our study strongly suggests that a central engine like a magnetar plays a key role in this SLSN and could explain the bulk of the optical and gamma-ray light curves properties. Finally, simulations of 50 hours of CTAO observations indicate that a SN 2017egm-like event would be detectable up to 140 Mpc in the magnetar model but not in the CSM model due to strong gamma-gamma absorption.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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