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arXiv 1609.08145astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COastro-ph.SR
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关于贫氢超亮超新星的早期过量辐射

On the early-time excess emission in hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae

Paul M. Vreeswijk, Giorgos Leloudas, Avishay Gal-Yam, Annalisa De Cia, Daniel A. Perley, Robert M. Quimby, Roni Waldman, Mark Sullivan, Lin Yan, Eran O. Ofek, C… 展开作者

Paul M. Vreeswijk, Giorgos Leloudas, Avishay Gal-Yam, Annalisa De Cia, Daniel A. Perley, Robert M. Quimby, Roni Waldman, Mark Sullivan, Lin Yan, Eran O. Ofek, Christoffer Fremling, Francesco Taddia, Jesper Sollerman, Stefano Valenti, Iair Arcavi, D. Andrew Howell, Alexei V. Filippenko, S. Bradley Cenko, Ofer Yaron, Mansi M. Kasliwal, Yi Cao, Sagi Ben-Ami, Assaf Horesh, Adam Rubin, Ragnhild Lunnan, Peter E. Nugent, Russ Laher, Umaa D. Rebbapragada, Przemysław Woźniak, Shrinivas R. Kulkarni

摘要:

我们提出的光变曲线的贫氢超亮超新星(SLSNe-I)PTF 12 dam和iPTF 13 dcc,发现(中间)Palomar瞬态工厂。两者都显示出早期的过量发射和后期的缓慢下降的光变曲线。PTF 12 dam的早期撞击在持续时间(约10天)和相对于主峰的亮度(2-3等)方面与其他SLSNe-I观测到的非常相似。相比之下,iPTF 13 dcc中的长持续时间(>30天)早期过量发射,其亮度与主峰的亮度竞争,似乎具有不同的性质。我们为这两个目标构建了测热光变曲线,并将各种光变曲线模型与早期凸起和主峰拟合,试图了解这些爆炸的性质。尽管两个SLSNe的后期光变曲线下降的斜率与$^{56}$ Ni和$^{56}$ Co放射性衰变的预期斜率非常接近,但考虑到估计的喷出物质量,为整个光变曲线提供动力所需的镍量太大。磁星模型包括一个不断增加的逃逸分数提供了一个合理的描述PTF 12 dam的观测。然而,无论是基本模型还是双峰磁星模型都无法重现iPTF 13 dcc的光变曲线。一个模型相结合的冲击爆发在一个扩展的信封与后期磁星能量注入提供了一个合理的适合iPTF 13 dcc的观测。最后,我们发现PTF 12 dam和iPTF 13 dcc的光变曲线都可以用星周介质(CSM)相互作用模型进行适当的拟合。

英文摘要:

We present the light curves of the hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) PTF12dam and iPTF13dcc, discovered by the (intermediate) Palomar Transient Factory. Both show excess emission at early times and a slowly declining light curve at late times. The early bump in PTF12dam is very similar in duration (~10 days) and brightness relative to the main peak (2-3 mag fainter) compared to those observed in other SLSNe-I. In contrast, the long-duration (>30 days) early excess emission in iPTF13dcc, whose brightness competes with that of the main peak, appears to be of a different nature. We construct bolometric light curves for both targets, and fit a variety of light-curve models to both the early bump and main peak in an attempt to understand the nature of these explosions. Even though the slope of the late-time light-curve decline in both SLSNe is suggestively close to that expected from the radioactive decay of $^{56}$Ni and $^{56}$Co, the amount of nickel required to power the full light curves is too large considering the estimated ejecta mass. The magnetar model including an increasing escape fraction provides a reasonable description of the PTF12dam observations. However, neither the basic nor the double-peaked magnetar model is capable of reproducing the iPTF13dcc light curve. A model combining a shock breakout in an extended envelope with late-time magnetar energy injection provides a reasonable fit to the iPTF13dcc observations. Finally, we find that the light curves of both PTF12dam and iPTF13dcc can be adequately fit with the circumstellar medium (CSM) interaction model.

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