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arXiv 2204.08486astro-ph.HE
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发光超新星:揭示超发光和正常核心坍缩超新星之间的人口

Luminous Supernovae: Unveiling a Population Between Superluminous and Normal Core-collapse Supernovae

Sebastian Gomez, Edo Berger, Matt Nicholl, Peter K. Blanchard, Griffin Hosseinzadeh

摘要:

剥离包层的核心坍缩超新星可以分为两大类:常见的Ib/c型超新星(SNe Ib/c),由$^{56}$ Ni的放射性衰变提供动力,以及罕见的超亮超新星(SLSNe),最有可能由磁星中央引擎的自旋下降提供动力。到目前为止,这两个群体之间的中间政权仍然大多未被探索。在这里,我们提出了一个全面的研究40 \textit{luminous supernovae}(LSNe),SNe的峰值幅度为$M_r = -19$到$-20$ mag,由SLSNe的亮端和暗端的SNe Ib/c的约束。在光谱上,LSNe似乎形成Ic型SNe和SLSNe之间的连续体。考虑到它们的中间性质,我们使用组合的磁星加放射性衰变模型模拟所有LSNe的光变曲线,发现它们确实是中间的,不仅在它们的峰值亮度和光谱方面,而且在它们的上升时间,电源和物理参数方面。我们将LSNe细分为不同的组,这些组要么像SNe Ib/c那样快速发展,要么像SLSNe那样缓慢发展,并且似乎分别是放射性或磁星供电的。我们的研究结果表明,LSNe是由过度丰富的生产$^{56}$镍或弱磁星引擎,并可能作为两个人口之间的缺失环节。

英文摘要:

Stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae can be divided into two broad classes: the common Type Ib/c supernovae (SNe Ib/c), powered by the radioactive decay of $^{56}$Ni, and the rare superluminous supernovae (SLSNe), most likely powered by the spin-down of a magnetar central engine. Up to now, the intermediate regime between these two populations has remained mostly unexplored. Here, we present a comprehensive study of 40 \textit{luminous supernovae} (LSNe), SNe with peak magnitudes of $M_r = -19$ to $-20$ mag, bound by SLSNe on the bright end and by SNe Ib/c on the dim end. Spectroscopically, LSNe appear to form a continuum between Type Ic SNe and SLSNe. Given their intermediate nature, we model the light curves of all LSNe using a combined magnetar plus radioactive decay model and find that they are indeed intermediate, not only in terms of their peak luminosity and spectra, but also in their rise times, power sources, and physical parameters. We sub-classify LSNe into distinct groups that are either as fast-evolving as SNe Ib/c or as slow-evolving as SLSNe, and appear to be either radioactively or magnetar powered, respectively. Our findings indicate that LSNe are powered by either an over-abundant production of $^{56}$Ni or by weak magnetar engines, and may serve as the missing link between the two populations.

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