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arXiv 2605.25152quant-ph
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腔耦合固态传感器的色散读出实现接近单位读出保真度

Dispersive readout of cavity-coupled solid-state sensor with near-unity readout fidelity

Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院);Honda Research Institute USA, Inc.(本田美国研究所);U.S. Army DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory(美国陆军DEVCOM陆军研究实验室)

Hanfeng Wang, Shuang Wu, Matthew E. Trusheim, Avetik Harutyunyan, Dirk R. Englund

AI总结:

本文提出一种色散腔量子电动力学读出技术,克服氮空位中心系综传感器的自旋饱和与功率展宽限制,实现接近单位逆读出保真度和飞特斯拉级灵敏度,并展示随自旋数N的1/N灵敏度标度。

摘要:

基于金刚石中氮空位(NV)中心系综的固态量子传感器已成为高精度测量的强大平台。将NV系综耦合到微波腔模式中,形成腔量子电动力学(cQED)配置,可以实现超越传统光学检测限制的自旋读出,达到亚皮特斯拉的磁灵敏度。然而,由于自旋饱和和功率展宽,现有的连续波cQED方法远未达到自旋投影噪声极限。在这里,我们介绍一种色散cQED读出技术,以克服NV系综传感中的这些基本限制。我们开发了一个全面的理论框架来描述色散相互作用,并分析了强耦合NV-腔系统的时域动力学。我们的结果表明,使用商用金刚石NV系综可以实现接近单位的逆读出保真度和飞特斯拉级灵敏度。重要的是,色散读出表现出独特的灵敏度标度,随着自旋数N的增加,灵敏度按1/N改善,为接近固态自旋系综传感器的标准量子极限提供了实用途径。

英文摘要:

Solid-state quantum sensors based on ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have emerged as powerful platforms for high-precision metrology. Coupling the NV ensemble to a microwave cavity mode in a cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) configuration enables spin readout that surpasses the limitations of conventional optical detection, achieving sub-picotesla magnetic sensitivities. However, existing continuous-wave cQED approaches remain far from the intrinsic spin-projection-noise limit due to spin saturation and power broadening. Here, we introduce a dispersive cQED readout technique to overcome these fundamental limitations in NV ensemble sensing. We develop a comprehensive theoretical framework describing the dispersive interaction and analyze the time-domain dynamics of a strongly-coupled NV-cavity system. Our results indicate near-unity inverse readout fidelity and femtotesla-level sensitivity using a commercially available diamond NV ensemble. Importantly, the dispersive readout exhibits a distinct sensitivity scaling that improves as 1/N with increasing number of spins N, providing a practical pathway toward approaching the standard quantum limit for solid-state spin-ensemble sensors.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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