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arXiv 2605.04469stat.MEmath.STstat.MLstat.TH
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面向完全缺失协变量的增强迁移回归学习

Augmented transfer regression learning for completely missing covariates

School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology(华中科技大学数学与统计学院);Department of Statistics, Colorado State University(科罗拉多州立大学统计学系)

Huali Zhao, Tianying Wang

AI总结:

针对目标人群协变量完全缺失的跨人群数据问题,本文提出增强迁移回归学习方法,该方法结合重要性加权估计方程与矩插补项,所得估计量具备双重稳健性且可达半参数效率界。

摘要:

大规模人群数据集(如英国生物样本库UK Biobank与“全民研究计划”All of Us Research Program)常缺少特定分析所需的协变量(如遗传或生活方式指标),而相关研究却会测量这些协变量,由此产生跨人群缺失数据问题:目标人群中协变量完全未被观测,而非单数据集内的部分缺失。针对该场景,本文提出增强迁移回归学习方法,其关键识别条件为子群体偏移假设:源人群与目标人群中,结局变量和观测协变量的联合分布可能存在差异,但缺失协变量在给定观测变量下的条件分布保持不变。本文将重要性加权估计方程与缺失协变量的一阶、二阶矩插补项相结合,所得估计量具备双重稳健性:只要密度比模型或两个插补模型中有一个设定正确,估计量仍具有一致性;其收敛速度为n^{1/2},渐近正态,且当两个模型均设定正确时可达到半参数效率界。

英文摘要:

Large-scale population-level datasets, such as the UK Biobank and the All of Us Research Program, often lack covariates needed for a specific analysis, such as genetic or lifestyle measures, while related studies measure them. This creates a cross-population missing data problem in which covariates are completely unobserved in the target population, rather than partially missing within one dataset. We propose an augmented transfer regression learning method for this setting. The key identifying condition is a sub-population shift assumption: the joint distribution of the outcome and observed covariates may differ across source and target populations, but the conditional distribution of the missing covariates given observed variables is invariant. We combine importance-weighted estimating equations with imputation terms for first- and second-order moments of the missing covariates. The resulting estimator is doubly robust and remains consistent if either the density ratio model or both imputation models are correctly specified. It is n^{1/2}-consistent and asymptotically normal, and attains the semiparametric efficiency bound when both

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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