Characterizing Earth analogs may require a moderate or high-resolution spectrograph
University of California San Diego（加州大学圣地亚哥分校）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心）；Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz（加州大学圣克鲁兹分校天文与天体物理系）；University of California Observatories（加州大学观测台）；Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院天文系）；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院喷气推进实验室）；Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学月球与行星实验室）
Jean-Baptiste Ruffio, Sarah Steiger, Corey Spohn, Bruce Macintosh, Dimitri Mawet, Laurent Pueyo, Bertrand Mennesson, Beck Dacus, Nicole Wolff, Tyler D. Robinson… 展开作者
Jean-Baptiste Ruffio, Sarah Steiger, Corey Spohn, Bruce Macintosh, Dimitri Mawet, Laurent Pueyo, Bertrand Mennesson, Beck Dacus, Nicole Wolff, Tyler D. Robinson, Renyu Hu, Kielan Hoch, Quinn M. Konopacky, Marshall D. Perrin, Dmitry Savransky, Michael W. McElwain, Shelley A. Wright, Ji Wang, Pin Chen
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Accepted to Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems
A primary goal of the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) is to detect and measure the abundance of biosignature molecules, such as water (H2O) and oxygen (O2), in the atmosphere of Earth analogs. This is expected to require deep spectroscopic observations lasting hundreds of hours per planet. In this context, it is essential to optimize the spectral resolution of the spectrograph to both maximize the number of planets that can be studied over the lifetime of the mission, and also to reduce the risks of false detections. The purpose of this work is to provide a framework to explore the spectral resolution design trade-space for HWO. This framework must be valid and comparable across all spectral resolutions from low (R<100) to high resolutions (R>10,000), and account for the spectral correlation of the residual starlight (i.e., speckle noise chromaticity). Leveraging the concept of "template matching", we develop a simulation toolkit based on the Python package EXOSIMS to compute the detection significance of planets and molecules. We then simulate observations of Earth analogs around 164 stars using representative mission parameters to explore the effects of the detector noise and the correlated speckle noise floor. Our findings suggest that a moderate or high resolution spectrograph (R>1,000) will provide higher sensitivity to critical molecules compared to a low resolution spectroscopy mode (e.g., R~140). The correlated speckle noise may also entirely suppress our ability to detect bio-signatures at low spectral resolutions. We conclude that a more comprehensive study combined with detailed models of its stability, and other sources of correlated noise, is necessary to fully explore the trade space of spectral resolution and detectability of key species.
Design of SCALES: A 2-5 Micron Coronagraphic Integral Field Spectrograph for Keck Observatory
介绍了正在为凯克天文台建造的一台新的2-5微米日冕积分场摄谱仪SCALES（Slicer Combined with Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy）的设计。SCALES能够实现低分辨率（R~50）光谱学，以及中分辨率（R~ 4，000）光谱学，目的是发现和表征在热红外线中最亮的冷系外行星。此外，SCALES还有一个12 x12”视场成像仪，将用于凯克的一般自适应光学科学。我们介绍了SCALES的规格、科学案例、总体设计以及对其预期性能的模拟。此外，我们目前的进展采购，制造和测试长交货期的组件。
Quantified Estimation of Molecular Detections across Different Classes of Neptunian Atmospheres Using Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy: Prospects for Future Extremely Large Telescopes with High-Resolution Spectrographs
Characterization and on-sky testing of photonic, AWG-based astronomical spectrographs
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange（蔚蓝海岸大学，蔚蓝海岸天文台，法国国家科学研究中心，拉格朗日实验室）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)（加州大学洛杉矶分校）；Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学，法国国家科学研究中心，天体物理学与行星学研究所）；Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326（艾克斯-马赛大学，法国国家科学研究中心，马赛天体物理实验室）
Bright Region Reset: an on-detector strategy for minimizing the impacts of atmospheric emission lines on spectral observations
University of Victoria（维多利亚大学）；NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Centre（国家研究委员会赫茨伯格天文学和天体物理学研究中心）；NSF’s NOIRlab / International Gemini Observatory（美国国家科学基金会NOIRlab / 国际双子星天文台）
